Talk about cancer, don’t change color, and understand these knowledge points

　　April 15th to 21st this year is the 30th National Cancer Prevention Publicity Week, with the theme of "Comprehensive Policy"
Scientific cancer prevention. " Cancer is the main disease that threatens the health of Chinese residents. People are afraid of cancer, but they don’t understand it systematically. To this end, the reporter combed some knowledge points about cancer prevention and cancer prevention.

　　-which cancers have a high incidence?

　　Recently, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer released the latest global cancer burden data, and China’s National Cancer Center also published "Analysis on the Prevalence of Malignant Tumors in China in 2022" in the Chinese Journal of Cancer. The results show that in 2022, there were 2.48 million new cases of lung cancer in the world, and it became the "largest cancer in the world" again. The disease burden of lung cancer in China is more prominent, ranking first in the sequence of cancer incidence and death. The top ten cancers in China are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer.

　　-cancer cases "men and women are different"

　　According to the latest data of "Analysis of Cancer Epidemiology in China in 2022", in 2022, there were about 4,824,700 new cancer cases in China (2,533,900 males and 2,290,800 females). Among the male population, the top five high-risk cancers are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer in turn, accounting for about 65% of the total number of new cases of male cancer. Among women, the most common cancer is lung cancer, followed by breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer and cervical cancer, accounting for about 64% of the total number of new cases of female cancer.

　　-The incidence of cancer is "younger"

　　In the past, cancer was usually thought to occur in middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old. In the past 30 years, the incidence of cancer among people under the age of 50 has been rising all over the world. According to the analysis data, the incidence of cancer in China is relatively low in the age group of 0-34, but it increases significantly from the age group of 35-39 (about 125.24 per 100,000 people) until it reaches its peak in the age group of 80-84 (about 1461.63 per 100,000 people). The overall incidence rate of men in the age group of 25 to 54 is lower than that of women, but after 60 years old, the incidence rate is higher than that of women.

　　Most nodules are not cancer.

　　Pulmonary nodules are not equal to lung cancer, and not all of them will develop into lung cancer. 95% of pulmonary nodules found in general physical examination are benign, but some benign lesions may turn into malignant in the long run. Thyroid nodules are common diseases in endocrine system. About one fifth of adults in China have thyroid nodules, and most benign thyroid nodules do not need special treatment, so regular follow-up is enough. Breast nodules are not a single disease, but a symptom or physiological state. Clinically, there are more benign breast nodules and fewer malignant ones, so high-risk groups should increase the frequency of physical examination appropriately.

　　Smoking is still the main risk of cancer.

　　According to The Lancet, nearly 4.45 million cancer deaths are caused by risk factors such as smoking, drinking and obesity, accounting for 44.4% of all cancer deaths in the world. Smoking is still the main risk factor of cancer in the world. Among the male population in China, the number of lung cancer deaths caused by smoking accounts for 24%. National Health Commission’s "Report on the Health Hazards of Smoking in China 2020" pointed out that from 2007 to 2017, the global smoking rate of people aged 15 and over decreased, about 19.2%, but in 2018, the smoking rate of people aged 15 and over in China reached 26.6%. In addition, as high as 68.1% of non-smokers in China have been exposed to second-hand smoke in public places, and the harm cannot be ignored.

　　-men should also prevent breast cancer.

　　Breast cancer is not exclusive to women, and men also have breast tissue, and they may also get breast cancer. However, there are relatively few breast tissues in men, and male breast cancer is rare. In 2022, for example, there were 357,200 cases of female breast cancer in China, and only 0.41 million cases of male breast cancer. Common symptoms of male breast cancer include breast pain, nipple depression, nipple rupture, nipple itching and desquamation, nipple discharge and bleeding. When breast tumors are found at the beginning, especially those near nipples, they should be examined early.

　　-cancer prevention physical examination for high-risk groups should be conducted regularly.

　　Anti-cancer physical examination is not the same as general physical examination. The general physical examination is aimed at the health examination of the general population, while the anti-cancer physical examination is aimed at the high-risk group of cancer. If you have a family history of cancer, long-term exposure to toxic and harmful substances or occupational exposure, long-term or heavy smoking and drinking, you should have regular cancer prevention physical examination.

　　Reporter: Zhao Dandan, Dong Ruifeng, Ma Xiaoyuan and Hu Ge.

　　Cartography: Hugo