标签归档 武汉桑拿会所

　　When it comes to Tongzhou, the first thing that comes to mind is grain transportation. Beijing has always been known as a "city floating on the water", and Tongzhou has contributed a lot. Everyone is familiar with this history. But when it comes to the Republic of China, I’m afraid not many people know about Tongzhou’s contribution to Beijing’s public transportation.

　　In the early years of the Republic of China, something new in Beijing: the tram "clang" (the word "clang" is pronounced "DiangDiang" in old Beijing). The electricity it uses is specially provided by Tongzhou Power Plant. The author collects some old photos in an old photo album, which are images left by the owner of the photo album during his internship in Tongzhou Power Plant in the early 1940s. Through these old photos, the author learned more details.

The exterior of Tongzhou Power Plant was shot in 1928, when the reservoir was rebuilt and the North Canal levee was reinforced.

The generator set in Tongzhou Power Plant in 1928. When warlords scuffled, the war happened around the power plant site, so the construction period was delayed again and again.

The old photo of the shed village, the big chimney in the upper right part is the symbol of Tongzhou Power Plant.

　　Power plant is a supporting project for trams.

　　In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Siemens AG of Germany built a tram line from Yongdingmen to Majiapu in Beijing. Since then, the first tram line in the Qing Dynasty was born in Beijing. However, this line didn’t run long, and Majiapu station was destroyed in the boxer movement the following year.

　　In the early years of the Republic of China, the traffic in Beijing was still dominated by rickshaws and animal rickshaws. At that time, the population of Beijing increased rapidly to 1.3 million. Facing the rapidly increasing population, the city traffic needs to be developed urgently.

　　In order to build Pukou trading port (Nanjing) and Beijing municipal construction, Beiyang government signed a "five-cent gold coin industrial loan contract" with Sino-French Industrial Bank in 1913, with a loan amount of 150 million francs. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), the contract was renewed in Annexes 2 and 3, which contained the clause of "Building a Beijing Tram, which should be financed by Sino-French industry". However, there are many clauses attached to the contract that infringe on China’s sovereignty, such as the exclusive operation of the Beijing tram. This clause was opposed by the bureaucratic capital class in Beijing at that time. After the Beiyang government negotiated with France many times, the tram was changed to a joint venture between government and business.

　　In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), due to the outbreak of World War I, the western powers had no time to look east for hegemony, and the Beiyang government’s establishment of trams was temporarily put on hold. Prior to this, in the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), Tianjin signed a contract with Belgium to build a tram, and in 1906, Tianjin became the first city in China to build a tram. Shanghai followed closely, and in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), a tram line was built. The tram in Beijing was not planned again until the tenth year of the Republic of China (1921).

　　On May 9th, 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), Zhang Zhitan, a representative of Beiyang government and supervised by Kyoto Municipal Office, and Cyril Baileji, a representative of France, formally concluded the "Beijing Tram Contract" based on the "Five Cents Gold Coin Industrial Loan Contract" and other documents. It is agreed that the capital stock quota of Beijing Tramway Company will be 4 million yuan, which will be shared equally by the government and businessmen, and the government will subscribe for half of it as official shares, which will be drawn from the French loan. Commercial shares are 100 yuan per share, which are subscribed by the public in registered form. According to the records at that time, there were hundreds of subscribers, most of whom were snapped up by bureaucrats and big capitalists, and a small number were bought by petty bourgeoisie.

　　In accordance with the commercial laws of China, Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. (initially known as Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd., later known as Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd.) was formally established.

　　The company adopts the director system. The board of directors is composed of six government-owned directors and five commercial directors appointed by the government, with a total of eleven members. The first chairman was Wang Shizhen, a former army chief of Beiyang government. The Board of Directors has three divisions, namely, Engineering Division, Business Division and Accounting Division. One of the directors or deputy directors of each division must be the French. The actual control right of Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. is in the hands of the French.

　　On June 30th, the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), Beijing Tram Co., Ltd. held its founding meeting and began to plan the construction of trams. The most direct problem of tram operation is the power supply. Therefore, the establishment of self-owned power plants has become a top priority.

　　According to the report of the company’s engineering department, the daily water demand is 39,000 cubic meters based on the existing electricity of 3,000 kilowatts. However, there is a lack of water in Kinki, Beijing. If you dig wells to get water on the spot, it will not only cost a lot, but also be difficult to last. Therefore, it is most suitable to build the power plant by the river. The board of directors of Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. instructed the engineering department of the company to be responsible for the site selection of power plants.

　　The factory building was initially destroyed by the flood.

　　In August of the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), the site selection of power plants began. The surveyors of the Agency successively went to Yongding River in the western suburb of Beijing and North Canal in the eastern suburb to survey topography, hydrology and water quality. After the investigation and comparison of the two major rivers in Beijing, the surveyors think that the Yongding River is too fast and has a large rise and fall, so it will be unpredictable to build a factory next to the river. Moreover, Yongding River water contains more mud and sand impurities, which is not suitable for power generation. The North Canal, on the other hand, is different. It is not only rich in water and stable in water flow, but also has few impurities in water quality. At the same time, nearby rivers are being dredged. After the river flows into the North Canal, there is more water, so it is more suitable for building factories beside the river to generate electricity.

　　After investigation and repeated consultation and demonstration by engineering and technical personnel, Beijing Tram Co., Ltd. decided to build a power plant on the west bank of Tongzhou North Canal and the north of shed village.

　　Dapeng Village is located 5.6 kilometers southeast of Tongzhou City Center, bordering the North Canal in the east and Xiaoshengmiao Village in the south, and became a village in the Ming Dynasty. According to legend, in the early years, Xiaoshenmiao Village was called Xiaoshenmiao Village. In the temple in the village, the gods of river god riding Cyclops were enshrined to save the water monster. In the north of Xiaoshenmiao Village, next to the North Canal Passenger Terminal, there is a Guandi Temple, in which Guan Yu, a martial artist, is enshrined.

　　Temple monks set up a booth by the roadside outside the gate to give tea, with boatmen, merchants and squire villagers as tips to rest. For a long time, the settlements around Guandi Temple became villages, so the famous tea shed, also known as the tea shed Guandi Temple. In 1913, it was renamed as Dapeng Village.

　　Soon, it was convenient for the power plant to start construction in October 1922. Unexpectedly, in the process of construction, it experienced many obstacles, which lasted for six years.

　　One of the main reasons is that the projects of the power plant are designed by French engineers and technicians, who are arbitrary and do not consider and adopt the opinions and suggestions of Chinese engineers and technicians. Previously, directors Meng Yushuang and Liu Yifeng of Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. invited Mr. South China Gui, a technical expert from China, to inspect the site. Mr. Hua raised an objection to building a factory by the river, thinking that the river will surge rapidly when the rainy season comes in the north, and the factory equipment will be destroyed. In order to ensure safety, it is suggested that the construction of the workshop should be far away from the river to avoid the impact of floods. However, the French side refused to accept Mr. Hua’s suggestion on the grounds that the factory is far from the river and the construction of another reservoir will increase the investment cost, and insisted on building the factory by the river.

　　Sure enough, as predicted by Mr. Gui of South China, in the summer of the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), there was continuous heavy rain in Beijing, and the water in the North Canal rose sharply, which destroyed all the built water pump houses and reservoirs, so we had to design dams and rebuild the water pump houses and reservoirs. The flood not only caused great economic losses to the power plant, but also delayed the construction period.

　　Warlords scuffle power plants into battlefields

　　In addition to the French insistence, the social situation at that time also made the construction of power plants full of twists and turns.

　　At the beginning of the factory, in order to transport the required machine parts and materials, the power plant laid a 1.5-kilometer railway special line from Tongzhou East Railway Station, but it was opposed by the North Canal River Bureau and the villagers around the power plant, resulting in the stagnation of construction. The reason for the opposition of the River Affairs Bureau is that when laying the track, the power plant "actually bent and straightened the soil on the outer slope, and the soil taken was 50 feet away. Hundreds of willow trees were cut down on the two slopes, and the young trees were crushed." The reason for the villagers’ opposition is that if the power plant destroys the river bank, if the boiler of the power plant "explodes, the villages and cities within ten miles of the power plant will be in danger of being destroyed".

　　At that time, Tongzhou held two citizens’ meetings, and the citizens even issued the voice that "no matter how great the company’s power is, we will never propose those who are afraid of the situation and swear to resist it", and opposed the construction of a power plant in Tongzhou by Beijing Tramways Co., Ltd.

　　Beijing Tramways Co., Ltd. submitted an official document to Jing Zhaoyin’s office, arguing that "the reasons listed in the Tongzhou citizens’ meeting are by no means true, and the people who called the citizens’ meeting in the investigation were neither legal organizations nor main figures, so there is no doubt about it. However, since leaflets were issued, it is inevitable that they will not be confused and have an impact, which is actually related to local security …" Since then, under the repeated mediation of Jing Zhaoyin’s office, the power plant of Beijing Tramways Co., Ltd. has reached an agreement with the North Canal River Bureau and the citizens.

　　In addition, the chaos caused by the scuffle between the northern warlords made it difficult for the materials needed for power plant construction to arrive on schedule, which also delayed the construction time of power plant. In February of the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), the warlord melee broke out again. This time, the power plant became the frontier. At the height of the fighting, the chimney in the factory became the target of artillery fire. "Under the bullet rain, the glass of the factory building was completely destroyed, and all the workers were buried underground … and the materials such as building blocks and stones were also lost". Fortunately, the plant and machinery and equipment of the power plant were not damaged, but the war delayed the construction period of the power plant again.

　　After May, although the war in the eastern suburbs gradually subsided, the war around the power plant continued. Because the trench is in front of the factory, the stones, sand, cement, refractory bricks and other materials needed for the construction of the power plant cannot be delivered.

　　Moreover, the power plant equipment is imported, generators are purchased from Switzerland, boilers are purchased from Britain, and electrical equipment is purchased from Germany. Due to the delay in the delivery of these imported equipment, the progress of the project is slow. It was not until September of the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927) that Tongzhou Power Plant was completed. On March 20th, 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), Tongzhou Power Plant officially generated electricity.

The old factory building left over from the former site of Tongzhou Power Plant. (photo by Qiu Chonglu)

Old images of Tongzhou power plant equipment in the 1940s.

In 1948, the Ministry of Industry of the North China Bureau of the Communist Party of China arranged an underground party organization to draw detailed information of Beijing Tram Company, and the second picture was the protection map of Tongzhou Power Plant.

　　The power plant supplies power to Tongzhou city.

　　In December of the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), Beijing trams were put into operation. However, the power plant in Tongzhou is still under construction. During this period, Beijing Tram Co., Ltd. used the electricity for trams, which was purchased from Jingshi Huashang Electric Company. On November 30th, 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), the two sides signed a power supply contract. When the Tongzhou Power Plant of Beijing Tramwork Co., Ltd. needs power before or after it is started, it will be supplied by Jingshi Huashang Electric Company. After the Tongzhou Power Plant of Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. started to generate electricity, the surplus electricity was sold to Jingshi Huashang Electric Company.

　　In March of the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), Tongzhou Power Plant of Beijing Tramways Co., Ltd. began to generate electricity. Besides supplying the trams in Beijing, the remaining electricity was sold to Huashang Electric Light Co., Ltd., Sunhe Pumping Station of Beijing Water Supply Company and Shuangqiao area.

　　It is worth mentioning that Tongzhou Power Plant of Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. also provided convenience for Tongzhou City at that time. Previously, the electricity in Tongzhou City was mainly provided by Tongzhou Electric Company Limited. Tongzhou Electric Light Co., Ltd. was founded in the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918). Chinese Zhang Zipei and Lin Jiwu raised 90,000 silver dollars in Chinese capital stock, and purchased a DC generator driven by a 75 kW steam engine from American Sydney Electric Company, which was completed in the same year. At that time, there were 12 power supply lines in Tongzhou city, and the users of power supply were government agencies, foreign churches, Xihaizi warehouses, hospitals, schools, small industrial and commercial households and a few residents in Tongzhou city.

　　After the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), the industry and commerce in Tongzhou area developed rapidly, and there was a shortage of electricity supply and occasional power outages, which was strongly reflected by users. In March of the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), after the power generation in Tongzhou Power Plant of Beijing Tramwork Co., Ltd., Tongzhou Electric Co., Ltd. entered into a power purchase contract with the power plant to solve the problem of power shortage in Tongzhou.

　　Since the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), Tongzhou Power Plant has supplied an average of 55,000 kwh of power to Tongzhou city every month, which is only one tenth of the total power generation, and has increased year by year since then. With the power supply of Tongzhou Power Plant, automatic telephone, tap water and processing industry have been developed in Tongzhou city. Tongzhou Power Plant of Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. was relatively advanced at that time, both in terms of power generation equipment and plant scale. In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), the generator set of Tongzhou Electric Co., Ltd. was shut down and the equipment was sealed. At this point, the electricity consumption in Tongzhou area is all supplied by Tongzhou Power Plant of Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd.

　　Unite as one to crush the Japanese conspiracy

　　After the July 7th Incident, Tongzhou fell, and the Japanese aggressors attempted to take over the power plant by force, but they were unanimously opposed by the Chinese and French shareholders. They suggested that if they wanted to take over the power plant, they must buy all the shares in cash, so the Japanese aggressors’ plot failed. However, the Japanese invaders were not reconciled, but they were not allowed to increase the tram fare during the period of soaring prices, in an attempt to bring down the tram company and achieve the purpose of occupying the power plant.

　　Around 1944, the so-called "strengthening public order" was carried out because of the Japanese invaders’ crazy plunder, which caused the market depression and the number of passengers dropped sharply. The income of employees in power plants changes with the operation of tram companies, so the power plants have deficits year after year. Under difficult conditions, the workers gritted their teeth in unity, overcame difficulties and crushed the plot of the Japanese aggressors. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the French shareholders withdrew all their shares, and the Tongzhou Power Plant of Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. was completely managed and operated by Chinese himself.

　　In 1944, the anti-Japanese armed forces in Jidong were active frequently. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, according to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s "Instructions on Urban Work", the 14th division of Jidong instructed Zhang Shien, an underground party member of the power plant, to work in the factory. At the end of 1945, Zhang Shien secretly developed five underground party member and established an underground party organization. He did a lot of work to win over and organize the masses by fighting for the welfare of workers, which greatly weakened the influence of the Kuomintang in the factory.

　　In the winter of 1948, on the eve of the liberation of Tongzhou, the power plant faced another severe test. The 13th Army of Kuomintang (KMT) stationed in the power plant, set up Abatis around it, built bunkers in greenhouses and other places, buried a large number of mines, and ordered the forced demolition and felling of houses and trees outside the factory to cover the line of sight. The atmosphere was very tense.

　　In order to protect the power plant from being destroyed by the Kuomintang, the workers formed a factory protection team under the leadership of the underground party organization headed by Zhang Shien. The factory protection team called on the workers of the whole factory to stay in the factory, and put forward the slogan of "swearing to live and die with the power plant". Under the close watch of the workers, the reactionary Kuomintang army never dared to act rashly, and then fled in haste. When Tongzhou was liberated, the underground party organization of the power plant welcomed the comprehensive takeover of the power plant by the 14th district. Before 1949, there were more than ten people in party member underground of Tongzhou Power Plant. In 1950, Tongzhou Power Plant formally established the CPC Beijing Tram Company Tongzhou Power Plant Party Branch.

　　After 1949, with the improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for power supply increased sharply. Tongzhou Power Plant not only mainly supplies trams with electricity, but also supplies part of Beijing Electric Power Bureau and waterworks, and supplies power to Shuangqiao Radio Station and Sanjianfang Airport, in addition, there is still power generation margin. In order to adjust the surplus and deficiency and give full play to the equipment capacity, Tongzhou power generation and supply system was connected and merged with Beijing power grid in 1953 for unified dispatching.

　　In 1954, Beijing Electric Power Bureau and Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. agreed to transfer Tongzhou Power Plant and its transformer plant located in Dongchenggen outside Chongwenmen to Beijing Electric Power Bureau for professional management. Since then, Tongzhou Power Plant has separated from Beijing Tramway Co., Ltd. and become a power generation unit of Beijing Electric Power Bureau. In 1955, Tongzhou Power Plant was expanded to install additional power generation equipment.

　　Since then, a large power plant with a capacity of 200,000 kilowatts (formerly Dongjiao Thermal Power Plant, later called Beijing No.1 Thermal Power Plant) has been built in the eastern suburb of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from Tongzhou Power Plant. Tongzhou power plant was affected, and the equipment in the plant was moved to another place lacking electricity.

　　On March 28th, 1964, Tongzhou Power Plant officially stopped generating electricity. Since then, Tongzhou Power Plant has completed its historical mission. (Qiu Chonglu)

　　Ten years ago in the spring, after assuming the post of president, the first international summit attended by the supreme leader was the BRICS leaders’ meeting. In Durban, South Africa, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader delivered a speech and said: "There is still a long way to go before all three billion people in the BRICS countries can live a good life and fully realize the people’s yearning for a better life. This road mainly depends on the self-reliance of all countries, and it also requires BRICS countries to strengthen cooperation. " "We must do our own things well, develop the BRICS partnership and build the BRICS cooperation mechanism."

　　Today, 10 years later, the BRICS Summit entered South Africa for the third time. Looking back on the road taken by the BRICS in recent years, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out during his talks with President Ramaphosa that in recent years, the BRICS countries have adhered to the BRICS spirit of openness, tolerance and win-win cooperation, and written wonderful stories about the joint development of countries with different systems, cultures and regions.

　　At present, the changes of the world, times and history are unfolding in an unprecedented way, and human society has reached a critical juncture. On August 22nd, at the closing ceremony of the BRICS Business Forum in 2023, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said: "Where the pendulum of history goes depends on our choice."

　　Peer on the road of development and revitalization

　　Not long ago, in the China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation and Innovation Demonstration Park, Xie Shengwen, the South African ambassador to China, came to the webcast room and became the "anchor" to speak for wine, doctor tea and other special good things from South Africa.

　　It is hoped that more Chinese will know about South Africa through "live broadcast with goods", and at the same time, it is hoped that more "China good products" will be sold in South Africa, so as to achieve a win-win situation for both sides. Xie Shengwen said: "Because we are friendly trading partners."

　　"BRICS and Africa: deepening partnership, promoting mutual growth, achieving sustainable development and strengthening inclusive multilateralism" is the theme of this BRICS leaders’ meeting.

　　Partner is a topic that the Chairman of the Supreme Leader often talks about.

　　Partners, is to participate in prosperity, but also in adversity hand in hand. Today, the world economic recovery is unstable, and international institutions predict that the world economic growth will be less than 3% this year. The challenges faced by developing countries are more severe, and it is a long way to go to achieve the goal of sustainable development. BRICS countries should be peers on the road of development and revitalization.

　　△ On the morning of August 23rd local time, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader attended the 15th meeting of BRICS leaders. This is a group photo of BRICS leaders during the meeting.

　　On August 23rd, local time, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the 15th meeting of BRICS leaders: "We should grasp the general trend, lead the way, stick to the initial intention of uniting and strengthening ourselves, strengthen cooperation in various fields and promote high-quality partnership."

　　High-quality partnership is a more comprehensive, close, pragmatic and inclusive cooperation — — "Especially in the fields of digital economy, green development and supply chain, promote exchanges and exchanges in the fields of economy, trade and finance", "We should give full play to the role of research groups, further expand cooperation in artificial intelligence, and strengthen information exchange and technical cooperation", "BRICS countries should broaden cooperation in the field of education, give full play to the role of vocational education alliance, explore the establishment of digital education cooperation mechanism, and create an all-round educational cooperation pattern" … …

　　"Whoever develops well will be curbed; Whoever catches up will stumble. " Unlike some countries, which are unwilling to lose their hegemonic position and wantonly contain and suppress emerging market countries and developing countries, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader reiterated the global security initiative, the global development initiative, the global civilization initiative and the "BRIC+"model at the closing ceremony of the BRICS Business Forum & HELIP; … Ideas and schemes with distinctive China marks enrich the cooperation connotation of BRICS countries.

△ Visual poster of BRICS Summit hanging on the streets of Johannesburg, South Africa

　　The significance of BRICS cooperation has long gone beyond the scope of the five countries, and more and more emerging market countries and developing countries are eager to enter the BRICS.

　　On August 24th, local time, the 15th meeting of BRICS leaders held a special press conference to announce the expansion of BRICS members. Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates were invited to join the BRICS cooperation mechanism.

　　"This expansion is also a new starting point for BRICS cooperation, which will inject new vitality into the BRICS cooperation mechanism and further strengthen the power of world peace and development." The Chairman of the Supreme Leader congratulated these countries and pointed out, "I believe that as long as we work together in Qi Xin, BRICS cooperation is promising and the future of BRICS countries can be expected."

　　Fellow travelers in global governance reform

　　Who can boost the weak recovery of the world economy? 91.1% of global respondents chose the BRICS countries. On the eve of the fifteenth meeting of BRICS leaders, a poll showed that the vast majority of respondents expected BRICS countries to play a greater role in global governance.

　　Emerging market countries and developing countries have contributed as much as 80% to world economic growth in the past 20 years, and the global share of GDP has increased from 24% to over 40% in the past 40 years. In March of this year, statistics released by an economic research institute in Britain showed that in 2022, the BRICS countries composed of five emerging economies accounted for more than the western-led G-7 in the world economy at purchasing power parity.

　　In today’s era, the rise of emerging market countries and developing countries represented by BRICS countries is fundamentally changing the world economic map.

　　△ On September 28th, 2021, the headquarters building of the New Development Bank located in the Shanghai World Expo Park was officially delivered to the New Development Bank by the Shanghai Municipal Government.

　　Shanghai, China Huangpu River, the headquarters building of New Development Bank is located here. Since its opening in July 2015, this multilateral financial institution has approved and provided financial support for nearly 100 projects, totaling more than 35 billion US dollars. Regarding its establishment, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said: "It is a useful supplement and improvement to the existing financial system, which can promote the international financial system to reflect more deeply and reform more actively."

　　Strengthening global governance is the right choice for the international community to share development opportunities and meet global challenges. The BRICS cooperation mechanism, like a clear stream, is at the forefront of promoting the reform of the global governance system and reshaping contemporary international relations.

　　On major international issues, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader emphasized that the BRICS countries "insist on proceeding from the merits of the matter itself, saying fair words and handling official affairs"; In the face of the ongoing Ukrainian crisis, President Xi called for "the urgent task is to persuade peace and promote talks, and to promote the relaxation of the war and achieve peace, and must not ‘ Pour oil on the fire ’ Let the situation deteriorate "; In the face of international hot issues, President Xi advocates active mediation to "promote political settlement and cool down the hot issues" … … BRICS countries should practice true multilateralism.

△ The flags of China and South Africa are hung on the streets of Johannesburg, South Africa

　　"International rules should be based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and should be jointly written and maintained by everyone. Whoever has thick arms and loud voice cannot have the final say. More can’t gang up and put their own ‘ Family rules ’ Packaging into international rules. " At the 15th meeting of BRICS leaders, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to pool wisdom and collective efforts to promote the development of global governance in a more just and rational direction.

　　Teixeira, former executive minister of Brazil’s Ministry of Industry and Trade, believes that BRICS is an important cooperation mechanism between emerging markets and developing countries, which can give developing countries a voice. "We believe in multilateralism, we believe in common vision, we believe in common prosperity and we believe in the same values. What is certain is that the BRICS countries have a bright future. "

　　The promoter of civilized exchange and mutual learning

　　"I got a job, bought a sofa and refrigerator with the money I earned, painted the exterior wall of the house with cement, and connected the internet at home. I have now learned to contact business, purchase and sell online. " In the village of Maria Dinia in Tocantins, northern Brazil, the life of villager Malena has gradually changed due to the official operation of a fruit processing factory.

　　"My dreams have come true one by one." Malena said excitedly.

　　This fruit processing factory was sponsored by China enterprises. At present, the processing factory has supplied many hotels, and signed a contract with the Brazilian national supply company to expand the supply channels to public schools, which has effectively promoted the local economic development and won the praise and trust of the Brazilian people, writing a story for the common development of the two countries and the common feelings of the people.

　　△ On April 14th, 2023, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader held a welcoming ceremony for Brazilian President Lula, who was on a state visit to China, in the square outside the East Gate of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.

　　In April this year, Brazilian President Lula came to China not far from Wan Li. He told the Chairman of the Supreme Leader that I am very honored and proud to lead a huge delegation to pay a state visit to China for the third time, and I believe that deepening and expanding cooperation between Pakistan and China will help Pakistan’s "re-industrialization" process.

　　At present, both China and Brazil are at a critical stage of development: China is promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way with Chinese modernization; The Brazilian government is actively promoting "re-industrialization", promoting the transformation and upgrading of economic development, and making efforts to promote national modernization. The same ideas and common pursuit have enabled China and Pakistan to continuously strengthen strategic docking, tap the potential of cooperation, innovate cooperation models, and jointly promote the historical process of developing countries’ pursuit of modernization.

　　"We independently choose the development path, jointly defend the right to development, and jointly move toward modernization, which represents the direction of human society and will certainly profoundly affect the development process of the world." The Chairman of the Supreme Leader said this at the 15th meeting of BRICS leaders.

　　△ On the evening of August 21, 2023, local time, the special plane of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader arrived at Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg, South Africa, which was greeted by local people dressed in national costumes.

　　Civilizations are colorful and development paths are diverse, which is what the world should look like. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader stressed that the BRICS countries should carry forward the spirit of letting all rivers flow into the sea, advocate peaceful coexistence, harmonious coexistence and coexistence of different civilizations, and respect the modernization road independently chosen by all countries.

　　Every country wants to live a good life, and developing countries have the right and ability to explore their own unique modernization roads based on their own national conditions. The journey of modernization of human society is inevitably bumpy, but the future is bright after all.

　　Looking forward to the future, China’s commitment, responsibility and feelings will remain unchanged in the new era of building a strong country and national rejuvenation — —

　　"China is willing to work with BRICS partners to uphold the concept of community of human destiny, strengthen strategic partnership, deepen cooperation in various fields, meet common challenges with BRICS responsibility, create a better future with BRICS, and jointly sail to the other side of modernization!"

　　Producer: Geng Zhimin

　　Producer Xing Lai

　　Editor-in-Chief Ning Lili

　　Pen-writing Yang Caiyun

　　Visual sense Jiang yuhang

　　China news agency, Paris, January 19 (Reporter Yang Li) On the 19th, local time in France, there was a wave of large-scale strikes and demonstrations. Related activities were initiated by major French trade unions to oppose the reform of the retirement system.

　　On the same day, the reporter saw at Lyon Railway Station, a public transportation hub in the center of Paris, that most of the passenger train services had been cancelled, and the high-speed trains that were not in operation stopped at the station. There are very few passengers on the railway station platform. A number of station staff were on the scene to help provide the latest information on train operation.

　　The strike on that day seriously affected public transport. In addition to the impact on the French railway passenger service, many subway lines in Paris also stopped operating, and more than 10 subway lines only provided limited services during peak hours. Some school teachers in France also joined the strike. In addition, some refineries in France also went on strike that day. The strike of EDF employees also led to a decline in power generation in Paris.

　　France’s major trade union organizations launched a large-scale demonstration against the reform of the retirement system throughout France on the 19th. The French Ministry of the Interior said that 1.12 million people participated in the demonstrations in France, including 80,000 in Paris. The French Federation of Trade Unions said that more than 2 million people participated in the demonstrations in France, including 400,000 people in Paris.

　　On the same day, the reporter saw in the Republic Square in Paris that tens of thousands of people gathered here from all parts of Paris. Many people held homemade placards, and some people were busy distributing leaflets. The main contents of placards and leaflets were basically against the reform of the retirement system and the delay of the legal retirement age. Some demonstrators called for lowering the legal retirement age from the current 62 to 60.

　　The reporter noted that the people who participated in the demonstrations came from all walks of life, including taxi drivers, entertainers, teachers and doctors. Many students joined the demonstrations, and many of them thought that the future would be completely affected by the reform of the retirement system.

　　The demonstration in Paris started from the Republic Square at 2 pm. More than two hours later, the procession has not finished half of the planned trip, and there are still a large number of people waiting to leave in the Republic Square, which shows that there are a large number of participants. At about 7 pm, most of the people in the parade arrived at the national square. The demonstrations in Paris were generally peaceful, and a large number of police officers were on close guard at the scene.

　　French President Macron visited Spain on 19th. When asked about the voices opposing the reform of the retirement system, Macron said that people have the right to express their opinions legally, but he hoped that there would be no violence.

　　French officials announced the reform plan of the retirement system on the 10th, and planned to delay the legal retirement age from the current 62 to 64. A number of recent polls show that most French people agree to maintain the retirement age of 62 and oppose delaying it. (End)

In March last year, five months after accepting Letv Investment Holdings, Easy Car, which had been silent for a long time in the car market, released the second child in the car market and introduced the concept of "eco-car". At the same time that peers have tightened subsidies, Easy-to-use vehicles have repeatedly benchmarked their competitors in subsidies, constantly lengthening subsidy time and increasing cashback efforts.

After a year, the aura of easy-to-use car brought by the bundling strategy with LeTV has already vanished under the negative news of the break of LeTV’s capital chain. However, under the influence of LeTV, easy-to-use car has also been exposed to capital chain problems.

Although the easy-to-use car has been denied many times, according to Sina Technology’s investigation, the easy-to-use car failed to settle the debt owed by the outsourcing customer service company in time, and now the easy-to-use car has all turned into mail customer service and artificial intelligence customer service, which is affected by customer service. The office front desk in Zhongguancun is crowded with drivers and passengers who come to complain all the year round.

In fact, in addition to the customer service company, seven suppliers who have cooperated with Easy Car, including App promotion and SMS promotion, have not received the payment for Easy Car within the contract settlement period. Facing the supplier who asks for money from the door, Wang Rui, assistant to the president of Easy Car, bluntly said: "I don’t owe you any money either. I have broken my promise in seven companies. Now I just have no money and can only wait for the signal from the bank."

Since December last year, Liu, an employee of Aiwoshi Technology Co., Ltd., which has provided App promotion services for easy-to-use cars, has to go to the company headquarters in Zhongguancun at least one day a week.

According to Liu, on December 15th last year, after the media exposed that Easy Car was in arrears with the supplier’s final payment, the product director of Easy Car drew up a payment plan, which was signed by Wang Rui, assistant to the president of Easy Car, and promised him that he would pay 3,035,604 yuan before January 20th and the second payment of 3,414,136 yuan before February 28th.

January 18, 2017

As the date of the first payment approached, Wang Rui told Liu that the bank loan had not yet arrived, and asked him to wait for another two or three days. At the same time, he said: "If you believe in the easy strength, you can wait. If you don’t believe it, you can take legal measures."

January 24, 2017

Liu, who still hasn’t received any easy payment, found Wang Rui again. Wang Rui said: "At present, the company owes SMS, customer service and promotion funds, and there are many door-to-door reminders every day." Subsequently, Wang Rui once again promised to solve the arrears problem in the first week after the year. After that, Wang Rui appealingly paid 440,000 yuan to Liu’s company account, and it is said that the other six suppliers also received about 400,000-500,000 yuan in arrears at the same time.

February 10, 2017

Years later, Liu found Wang Rui again, and Wang Rui said that the loan approval letter from the bank has not been received yet, and there should be a result next Monday.

On February 13th, 20th, 24th and 27th, Wang Rui successively postponed the scheduled repayment date on the grounds that the bank loan was not approved.

According to Liu, as of March 10, Wang Rui still refused to pay the remaining arrears on the grounds of the bank, and even bluntly said: "We only owe you more than 5 million, and I still owe more than 10 million outside. I have to solve it later."

According to Wang Rui,At present, the easy-to-use car owes Liu more than 5 million outstanding payments, and tens of millions outstanding to customer service providers and SMS service providers.As to when the remaining funds can be settled, Wang Rui also said that the next round of financing for easy-to-use cars has entered the drafting stage, and if banks can’t give loans, they can also rely on financing money to pay off debts.

Talking about the current predicament of easy access to cars, Wang Rui said that the main reason was the negative influence of LeTV last year, so banks were cautious and did not dare to lend easily.In Wang Rui’s view, Easy Car still has a certain right to speak in the private car market. Although individual drivers are facing delays in withdrawing cash, there are still a large number of drivers and vehicles operating on the platform. In addition, Easy Car is actively applying for an online car license and is expected to receive the license in mid-March.

Recently, Sina Technology visited the headquarters of Easy-to-use Car Company. In addition to a large number of drivers who came to complain at the front desk of Easy-to-use Car, Easy-to-use Car still maintained normal office order, and people kept coming for interviews. According to a staff member who is easy to use the car, because of the suspension of manual customer service at present, the problem of easy access to funds has led to the slow withdrawal of cash from the driver’s side. Every day, drivers and passengers come to complain, and the police have come forward to appease the driver’s emotions before.

In order to prevent the drivers who come to complain from affecting the office of the easy-to-use car, a signboard has been specially set up at the front desk of the easy-to-use car, indicating that the driver reception service station has been specially set up for the easy-to-use car, hoping that the driver can transfer the complaint position.

In addition to drivers and suppliers, passengers who are easy to use the car are also in a state of panic. After entering the LeTV eco-circle, it is easy to continuously increase its recharge policy. At the Yizhi celebration on July 1, 2016, it was easy to announce the end of the "100% recharge activity" that lasted for 224 days and lasted for the longest time in history. A total of 6.53 million users recharged, with a cumulative amount of more than 6 billion yuan, with a per capita income of 918 yuan.

At the same time, this means that behind the 6 billion recharge, it is easy to prepare an additional 6 billion yuan in the future to replenish platform users and drivers and enhance the stickiness of users and drivers. At the end of last year, after LeTV was negative, Easy Car was also exposed to the news that some drivers were in arrears with suppliers and some drivers were blocked in withdrawing cash, which made many consumers who had recharged easily worry that their money would never return.

Although Wang Rui said that the easy-to-use car platform is still operating normally, many consumers have responded to Sina Technology that they can’t get a car by using the easy-to-use car App and the funds in their accounts can’t be used. According to a driver who is easy to use the car, many drivers also hold a wait-and-see attitude towards the easy-to-use car because it is slow to respond to cash withdrawals and complaints at present, and dare not solicit customers easily.

As an easy-to-use car, LeTV has not brought much help to the easy-to-use car business except replacing all the easy-to-use senior management teams with LeTV teams. Instead, it has made the easy-to-use car a domino caused by the LeTV capital chain crisis.

According to a supplier who is in arrears with the final payment, once the easy-to-use car enters the asset liquidation, the first thing that needs to be paid is the wages owed to employees, water and electricity rent and taxes that need to be turned over to the state, followed by the arrears owed by suppliers and passengers. Therefore, although the easy-to-use car often talks about legal procedures, if you want to get the funds as soon as possible, you can only pin your hopes on the easy-to-use car to get out of the financial dilemma.

Easy access to previous financing situations:

In May 2010, Easy Angel was invested by Xu Xiaoping Zhenge Fund.

In August, 2011, it was awarded a series A financing of 10 million dollars by Morningstar Venture Capital and Qualcomm Venture Capital Company.

In April, 2013, Series B investment received $20 million from Morningstar Venture Capital, Qualcomm and Broadband Capital, and Ctrip subsequently led the investment of Series B with $60 million.

In September, 2014, it obtained over US$ 100 million in Series C financing from GIC and Ctrip.

In October 2015, LeTV acquired 70% equity of Easy-to-use Car for 700 million US dollars and became the controlling shareholder of the latter. At that time, Jia Yueting, the chairman of LeTV, said that it would build an eco-car with Yizhi, and the future eco-car would be free.

(Original title: Easy-to-use car capital chain breaks: all blame LeTV, text/Zhou Xue)