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Dependence on resource export makes African economy vulnerable to the international political and economic situation and hinders African economy from achieving sustainable development. African countries need to diversify their exports, reduce their dependence on commodity exports and improve their economies’ ability to resist the global crisis. As a "promising continent", Africa can tap the growth potential of knowledge-intensive service industries, give play to the key role of small and medium-sized enterprises, release the kinetic energy of intra-African trade, promote economic and export diversification, and strive to climb to the middle and high end of the global value chain.

African countries are rich in natural resources, and the export of resources has created a lot of financial and foreign exchange income for African countries. However, the continuous fluctuation of commodity prices in recent years has also brought a big impact on African countries’ economies. As the Report on Economic Development in Africa 2022 released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) recently said, African countries need to diversify their exports, reduce their dependence on commodity exports, and improve their economies’ ability to resist the global crisis.

According to UNCTAD’s standards, when more than 60% of a country’s total commodity exports are commodities, the country is considered as a commodity export-dependent country. Data show that 45 out of 54 African countries depend on the export of primary products of agriculture, mining and extractive industries. Dependence on resource export makes African economy vulnerable to the international political and economic situation and hinders African economy from achieving sustainable development.

Take Nigeria, once the largest oil producer in Africa, as an example. Although Nigeria has been striving to promote economic diversification, crude oil export is still the core driving force for Nigeria’s economic growth, and its macroeconomic situation is obviously affected by international oil prices. However, Nigeria has always been a net importer of refined oil due to the lack of adequate refining facilities in the country. For this reason, when the international oil price rises, Nigeria can’t "lie down and win", but it will cause oil shortage and trigger a series of negative economic impacts. This is the disadvantage of relying on the export of primary products and ignoring the construction of industrial capacity.

Climate change also affects the income of resource-based countries in Africa. In response to global warming, the international community is accelerating the process of decarbonization, making great efforts to invest in clean energy and greatly reducing investment in the oil and gas industry. Many fossil fuels in Africa may sleep underground forever. Although South Africa, Zimbabwe and other countries have a lot of coal resources, due to the net zero carbon emission target, inconvenient freight transportation and abnormal weather in ports, the coal export volume has declined this year compared with previous years.

It can be seen that getting rid of dependence on commodity exports at an early date is crucial to the sustainable economic development of African countries. As a "promising continent", Africa can make efforts in the following aspects to promote economic and export diversification and strive to climb to the middle and high end of the global value chain.

The first is to tap the growth potential of knowledge-intensive service industries. According to UNCTAD data, from 2005 to 2019, the level of service trade in Africa was low, and service exports only accounted for 17% of the total exports of the African continent. Moreover, Africa’s service exports are mainly low value-added transactions, of which tourism and transportation account for about two-thirds of service exports, while knowledge-intensive services such as information technology and financial services only account for 20% of Africa’s service exports, and there is still huge room for growth.

African countries can increase investment in knowledge and technology, cultivate more local talents, and promote the transformation and upgrading of their economies and export structures. At present, some international enterprises take advantage of the close time difference between Africa and Europe and the high English level of African people, and outsource their accounting and telephone services to African countries, which is the best embodiment of Africa’s service export potential. What’s more, if the broad masses of people in Africa can receive more skills education, besides serving international enterprises, they also have the ability to make higher-end goods for Africa, change the current situation of Africa’s export of primary commodities and services, and reduce environmental degradation caused by the exploitation of natural resources.

The second is to play the key role of small and medium-sized enterprises. According to the International Finance Corporation of the World Bank, there are about 50 million formal small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa, accounting for about 90% of the total number of enterprises on the African continent and employing about 60% of the labor force. But at the same time, their annual financing needs of 416 billion dollars are not met. The private sector and small and medium-sized enterprises are more flexible in their business methods and more willing to innovate, and can become engines to promote the diversification of African countries’ economies and exports.

African countries should create a better business environment and provide more innovative financial tools for the private sector and small and medium-sized enterprises, so that they can obtain affordable financial services and meet their huge and long-term financing needs. Financial technology enterprises are in the ascendant in Africa. African countries can completely improve the traditional credit channels, encourage relevant financial enterprises to support small and medium-sized enterprises through policies, bridge the huge funding gap faced by small and medium-sized enterprises, and create more innovation and investment opportunities by using financial technology.

The third is to release the kinetic energy of intra-African trade. The African Continental Free Trade Area was symbolically launched in early 2021, which became another milestone for African countries to unite and strengthen themselves and promote economic transformation. The free trade zone aims to create a single market for the 1.4 billion people on the African continent, which is of great significance to promoting the diversification of African exports. However, regional economic integration can’t be achieved overnight. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the negotiations on FTAs were once slow to advance online. At the same time, some countries were worried, and the ratification of FTAs faced some resistance. The dividends of FTAs on the African continent have not been fully released.

The vision of the African continent free trade zone is very beautiful, and activating intra-African trade will form a virtuous circle on the African continent — — The trade cost of goods and services in the region is reduced, and the increase in trade demand drives industrial development, thus creating jobs and stimulating the economy. At the same time, economic development has improved the business environment, and Africa has the opportunity to attract more investment, promote the further development of many fields such as industry, and finally realize the transformation and upgrading of economic structure and sustainable development. In the face of the differences in interests of all parties, African leaders should not forget the African proverb of "walking alone quickly and traveling far". They should uphold the spirit of pan-Africanism, coordinate various domestic interest groups, make political decisions as soon as possible, promote the implementation of the free trade agreement on the African continent, and gather stronger synergy for economic recovery and development in Africa after the epidemic.

CCTV News:There is a big gap in the employment of testing reagent manufacturers, especially in packaging. In addition, the Spring Festival holiday is approaching, and the demand for employment is even more scarce. For this reason, manufacturers have issued Spring Festival "big gift packages" to attract employees to stay in their posts and continue to look at them.

In order to keep employees on the spot for the New Year, a COVID-19 testing reagent manufacturer in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province issued a cash-filled red envelopes to the employees who stayed in the post for the New Year. In the first three quarters of this year, the sales of testing reagents in COVID-19 reached 7.4 billion yuan, and at present, the orders of enterprises continue to increase. Put away the red envelopes, and the workers in the workshop are full of energy and full of horsepower to make orders. Li Xiuhua is a quality inspector of reagent finished products. She has chosen to stay in the company for the New Year for two consecutive years. This year, half of the employees in the company responded to the call to celebrate the New Year on the spot like her.

It is understood that migrant workers account for more than half of the production enterprises of these Covid-19 detection reagents in Zhejiang. In order to ensure that the Covid-19 test reagents can meet the needs of customers all over the world during the Spring Festival, many enterprises do not have a holiday during the Spring Festival, and they are trying to improve their treatment as much as possible and strive for employees to stay in their posts.

In view of the problem of labor shortage, in addition to enterprises offering real money to retain employees, local government departments have also introduced employment security measures for enterprises one after another. For example, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province plans to put in 120 million yuan of "New Shaoxing People" coupons to promote enterprises to stay in their jobs and promote employees to stay in Shaoxing for employment.

Zhang Weiguo, Deputy Director of Employment Promotion and Unemployment Insurance Department of Shaoxing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province:On the one hand, it is to issue a proposal to stay in Shaoxing for the New Year, to encourage employees to stay in their posts for employment, to guide enterprises to take scientific off-peak vacations, and to return to work in an orderly manner; On the other hand, we have formulated incentive measures, such as red envelopes for staying in posts, car rental subsidies, transportation subsidies, and recruitment incentives.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 4th, New Media Special Topic: IKEA’s faulty furniture has not been recalled in China. Is it a double standard or is it different between China and foreign countries?

　　Xinhua News Agency "China Net" reporter Wang Yang Zhou Rui Mao Weihao

　　Recently, IKEA Group was caught in a "recall door" due to furniture safety risks. First, at the end of June, local time, it announced the recall of the "Desperate chest of drawers" malm chest of drawers in North America, but made it clear that it would not recall the same products in China. Then it announced the full recall of all models of Patru security doors, involving products sold in China, which needed to be removed from the shelves, returned and refunded.

　　It is also a recall. Why does IKEA have different standards for different products? The "recall door" quickly became a hot spot for netizens. Some netizens questioned IKEA’s avoidance of responsibility: "Why treat it differently? Who is responsible for the safety problems of these cabinets that are still on sale? " Some netizens said: "Can the standards for protecting consumers be different between China and foreign countries?" What principles does IKEA furniture recall follow? Are there double standards or differences between China and foreign countries in recalls? The reporter launched an investigation into this.

　　Why didn’t the "Desperate chest of drawers" be recalled? IKEA: Different standards

　　The reporter learned that the so-called "Desperate chest of drawers" recalled by IKEA this time included 35.6 million chest of drawers including the best-selling malm series. According to the official website of the Consumer Product Safety Commission of the United States, since 1989, six children have been killed and 36 children have been injured by these problems. The cause of the accident is that the furniture is not fixed on the wall and overturned, causing tragedy.

　　This kind of chest of drawers is also sold in China, but the current recall scope of IKEA is limited to North America, and IKEA China has made it clear that it will not recall the chest of drawers sold in China.

　　In response to a reporter, IKEA China Headquarters in Shanghai said that the recall in the North American market was based on a voluntary ASTM standard (American Society for Testing Materials), and the company reached a unanimous decision after consulting with the Consumer Product Safety Commission of the United States. At present, in the China market, IKEA has not received any cases of injury accidents caused by this series of drawers, and the related products of IKEA meet Chinese national standards. Ikea officials explained that the accidents in the United States were all because the cabinets were not fixed on the wall.

　　The reporter went to the IKEA store in Beijing Siyuanqiao Shopping Mall, and the malm chest of drawers was still on sale. A salesperson told reporters that there are many models of drawers in malm. "The sales of six drawers have been very good." It is understood that the height of chest of drawers in malm is usually more than 60 cm, and the style is simple and practical. Some families will put the chest in children’s rooms as lockers.

　　For the situation that children climbing on the net are easy to be overwhelmed, the reporter did an experiment in the shopping mall. When the bottom drawer was completely opened, he pressed hard to replace the weight of the children. Because the cabinet was not fixed on the wall, the chest of drawers shook.

　　According to experts in the furniture industry, IKEA’s one-stop sales model gives consumers all the initiative in purchasing and installing, while most consumers pay more attention to product quality, style and practicality when purchasing, and few people pay attention to whether such furniture will bring risks to children’s safety.

　　Are there differences between Chinese and American home safety standards? Furniture is the key.

　　With regard to the China furniture standard raised in IKEA’s "recall door", the reporter found that the China standard that IKEA claimed to abide by was the new national standard GB/T 10357.4-2013 on "cabinet stability" published by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Standardization Administration of China on October 10th, 2013, which was officially implemented on May 1st, 2014. Compared with the 1989 standard, the item of "stability of fixed cabinets" has been added, but this item does not stipulate that furniture must be fixed on the wall.

　　In fact, in August 2012, China has officially implemented the compulsory national standard "General Technical Conditions for Children’s Furniture". The standard clearly stipulates that all high tables and cabinets with a height greater than 600 mm should provide connectors to fix the products on the building. The standard also requires that children’s furniture should clearly indicate the applicable age of the product in the instructions for use, and warn of potential risks during installation and use.

　　In the standard safety rules of clothing storage unit numbered ASTM F 2057-14 in the United States, the requirements of opening angle, drawer pull-out length, applied weight, etc. of chest of drawers during stability test are specified in detail, and pictures are provided. In addition, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) said, "The Consumer Council and IKEA Group urge consumers to ensure that furniture should be properly fixed on the wall, regardless of whether the furniture meets ASTM standards."

　　In real life, many parents often buy ordinary wooden furniture because of the beautiful decoration of the whole family and sufficient storage space. In the consideration of the safety of these furniture, the "unstable factor" of children is often ignored, and the "chest of drawers" that have caused tragedies in the United States are not children’s furniture.

　　Some consumers believe that only by unifying, refining and implementing furniture safety standards can children avoid accidents when using them.

　　Activists: IKEA infringes on the fair trade rights of consumers in China.

　　Defenders such as Wang Hai, the "first person to crack down on counterfeit goods in China", think that IKEA has other ways to kill the inside and outside of the chest of drawers, which obviously infringes on the fair trade rights of consumers in China, and suggest that consumers bring a lawsuit in court. Ikea dares to do this, mainly because the operator’s responsibility stipulated by Chinese law is too light.

　　Although the official of IKEA said that it had not received any cases of injury accidents caused by related drawers in China market, the reporter found that some consumers reported the safety problems of IKEA drawers only through online search. A netizen in Shenzhen, Guangdong introduced his recent experience: "The baby first opened the bottom drawer, and then opened the drawers one by one. When the top drawer was opened, the cabinet suddenly leaned forward, some drawers fell out, and the cabinet finally fell on the drawer. The baby stood on the side when pulling the top drawer, so he didn’t press it. "

　　Some consumers with similar experiences told reporters that after being reminded by the media, they did find that the furniture instructions required to nail cabinets to the wall and provide corresponding accessories. Although parents also have responsibilities, they just don’t quite understand what responsibilities they should bear as a production enterprise.

　　On June 30th, the Consumer Council of Shenzhen publicly questioned why IKEA did not recall similar products in China. Shanghai Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau also interviewed IKEA (China) Investment Co., Ltd. at the first time, asking IKEA to earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of enterprise quality and safety, carefully investigate the hidden dangers of product safety, and ensure the personal and property safety of consumers. The quality inspection department will further verify the relevant situation, urge IKEA to strictly abide by China laws and regulations and relevant standards, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers in China.

　　The Consumer Council of Shenzhen believes that the right to life and health is the most basic human right, and it should be equally and indiscriminately protected in any country and any region. If similar products recalled in North China are publicly sold in the market, IKEA Group must recall them unconditionally. The relevant laws in China have made strict provisions on protecting citizens’ right to life and health and recalling defective products. When IKEA Group engages in business activities in China market, it must abide by the provisions of China laws and regulations, and effectively protect the right to life and health of China consumers from infringement.

　　(Participating in writing: Xu Xiangda)

Stills of Chloe Bennet’s "Aegis Secret Service"

1905 movie network news Recently, some netizens found that Chloe Bennet’s MV "Tonight" starring in the popular group BIGBANG accidentally bumped into Dilraba, and many netizens said that "both of them have exquisite facial features and are indeed somewhat similar".

Chloe Bennet and Dilraba were both born in 1992. One is of mixed blood between China and the United States, and the other is of Uygur nationality. The same exotic customs make them have certain similarities in appearance.Chloe Bennet is a typical actress of European and American models, while Dilraba is a small flower of the new generation in China. In essence, their routes and development directions are different.

Comparison between Chloe Bennet and Dilraba

Chloe Bennet, a post-90s Chinese actress, won high popularity and attention for her role as the heroine "Shockwave Girl" Skye. Recently, some netizens launched the "Seven Goddess of Marvel Comics of the Year" selection campaign, and Skye, the "Shockwave Woman" played by Chloe Bennet, was on the list. Some netizens commented: "This super-powerful heroine that was missed has finally been discovered, and her strength really does not lose the black widow!" .

In the play, Chloe Bennet’s "Shobo Girl" is Nick Frey’s right-hand man. At the age of 18, she has the tenth security clearance of SHIELD. She is the only agent with this clearance except Frey and the Black Widow, and she is also the youngest agent in the history of SHIELD. Although in Marvel comics, Shobo Girl is a member of the reunion, but in the drama, Shobo Girl played by Chloe Bennet has become a substitute for the reunion.

Chloe Bennet’s Stills of S.H.I.E.L.D. Agents

After six auditions, Chloe Bennet finally got the chance to play in the sci-fi action drama "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", in which she played the beautiful female agent "Shobo Girl", who was very lovable because of her independent and confident personality and super skills, and was nominated as "the best TV actress in the world" by virtue of this role in the 15th Huading Award.

In addition to her superpowers, "Shobo Girl" is proficient in fighting and sniper, and is good at performing undercover tasks. In order to play the role of "Shock Girl", fitness has become an indispensable part of Chloe Bennet’s daily life.

With the discussion of Chloe Bennet bumping into Dilraba increasing, Chloe Bennet recently took photos on social media, saying that she will come to Beijing in the future. Some netizens speculated that the Chinese actress born in the 1990s will return to China for development in the near future. Let’s wait and see!

　　CCTV News:On the morning of March 5th, the reporter saw in front of the police station on the second floor of Beijing West Railway Station, those who inquired about the waiting room, asked about the train number, couldn’t understand the ticket and looked for the toilet … … Passengers come to ask questions from time to time, and the police on duty have to be busy. It is reported that in the morning when the passenger flow is concentrated in the three major railway stations in Beijing, the Beijing Railway Police set up police workstations, police service desks and police duty rooms respectively. While doing a good job in security, they also actively solved problems for the majority of passengers. Since the beginning of March, the police at the three major stations have recovered 71 pieces of luggage for passengers, with a value of nearly 100,000 yuan.

　　Ticket Office of North Square of West Railway Station: The man lost his wallet and the lady picked it up and handed it over to the station staff.

　　At about 19: 00 on March 1, Qian Yiming, the vice captain of the Fourth Team of Beijing West Railway Station Police Station, was on duty at the west gate of the ticket office in the North Square. A passenger Zhang (male, 28 years old) rushed to ask for help, saying that he had lost his wallet and could not remember where he had lost it. Zhang said that there were cash, 150 yuan, bank card and my ID card in his wallet.

　　After understanding the situation, Qian Yiming immediately started his work. After video surveillance, it was found that Zhang lost his wallet near the ticket office in the North Square of West Railway Station, and was later picked up by a woman and handed over to the staff in the ticket office. When the clue was found, Qian Yiming immediately led Zhang to claim it. After verification, Zhang took the wallet.

　　Security check on the first floor of North Plaza: passengers take the wrong bag and the police help them find it through business cards.

　　At 21 o’clock on March 1, Chen Hanhui, a policeman at the police workstation on the second floor of Beijing West Railway Station, received a passenger Ma (male, 27 years old, from Henan Province) for help, saying that someone had taken his black backpack, and there was an unclaimed black backpack at the security checkpoint. His black backpack contained a laptop. According to Ma, after passing the security check on the first floor of North Square, I found my bag was gone. Chen Hanhui opened the unclaimed black backpack at the scene and found that it contained 500 yuan cash and several bank cards.

　　After careful rummaging, I found another business card of Zhou. Could it be that Zhou took the wrong backpack, so the police dialed his phone. After the call, Zhou (male, 29 years old, from Hebei Province) immediately checked and found that he had taken the wrong bag, so he quickly returned to the police workstation. After the inventory was correct, the two passengers each got their backpacks back and thanked Chen Hanhui again and again.

　　The tenth waiting room of West Railway Station: Passengers lost their wallets, and convenience store employees found it was handed over to the police.

　　At 20: 10 on March 1st, Wang Xiaofeng, the instructor of the Fourth Team on duty at the police station on the second floor of Beijing West Railway Station, received a red wallet from the staff of the convenience store at the entrance of the tenth waiting room, which contained cash RMB 720 yuan, two Hong Kong and Macao passes and an official card. Later, when Wang Xiaofeng saw the Hong Kong and Macao Pass, he immediately thought that the passenger should be a train to Shenzhou, so he searched in the waiting room leading to Shenzhen and Zhuhai.

　　In the process of searching, I was informed by the service command room of the police station that a passenger named Chai Ali reported that she had lost her wallet in the waiting room. After getting on the bus, she found that she immediately got off the bus and returned to the eleventh waiting room. Upon inquiry, the police found that the red wallet handed in by the staff of the convenience store was the wallet that the passenger had forgotten. Wang Xiaofeng immediately rushed to Waiting Room 11 to return the wallet to the passenger Chai Ali (female, 36 years old, from Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province). The passengers counted correctly, thanked the police and left.

　　Security check on the first floor of the North Square of West Railway Station: I lost 20,000 yuan after working for half a year.

　　At 11 o’clock on March 1, Guo Jingqi, a security inspector at Beijing West Railway Station, found an unclaimed handbag in red and white at the security checkpoint No.4 at the entrance on the first floor of the North Square of Beijing West Railway Station, and handed it over to the police in time. Upon inspection, the bag contained 19,700 yuan in cash and some clothes. As no valid information of the passengers was found, the police quickly searched for the owner through the station broadcast. About 10 minutes later, a middle-aged woman heard the radio and came anxiously, saying that she didn’t find her handbag with cash until she waited for the bus.

　　It is understood that the owner Li (51 years old, from Hebei Province) said that the cash in the bag was the salary she earned by working in Beijing for half a year. If she lost it, her hard work for half a year would be in vain. I was so embarrassed that I really wanted to cry when I found out that the bag was lost. When she got her handbag back, Ms. Li thanked the police and security inspectors again and again.

　　Security check on the first floor of North Square of West Railway Station: Two passengers left their bags in four hours.

　　At about 11 o’clock on March 2, Liu Xiaomeng, the security inspector of Beijing West Railway Station, found an unclaimed lady brown satchel in the security channel No.5 on the first floor of North Square of West Railway Station, and immediately handed it over to the police workstation on the second floor. After inspection, the police found that there was an Apple mobile phone, a charging treasure, a charger and toiletries in the bag. In order to find the owner as soon as possible, the police immediately informed the station staff to broadcast the search. Ten minutes later, a girl hurried to the police workstation to claim it. It is understood that the girl’s name is Fang, 19 years old and a native of Shandong Province. She told the police that after hearing the broadcast, she found that her satchel had been left behind, so she quickly came to the police workstation to collect it. It was confirmed that the lost lady’s bag was Fang.

　　Four hours later, at about 15: 00, Qiao Xinxin, a security inspector at Beijing West Railway Station, found another unclaimed black backpack at the security checkpoint No.4 on the second floor of North Square of West Railway Station. It was handed over to the police workstation on the second floor and checked by the police. It was found that there were 1 ipad1, 1 Lenovo laptop and 1 oppo mobile phone in the bag. Through the station broadcast, five minutes later, a lady came to the police workstation on the second floor, saying that she found her backpack missing after hearing the broadcast, so she quickly came to look for it. The owner is Zhao, 27 years old, from Shaanxi Province. She said that there were important documents of the company in the computer, and it would be in trouble if she really lost them.

　　K1613 passenger train: 2503 yuan earned by working during the Spring Festival. The police recovered it.　

　　On the evening of March 1, passenger Li received more than 2,500 yuan from the police in his mobile phone, and his heart that had been hanging was finally put down. At 12: 51 on March 1, passenger Li called the police and said that he was going to take the k1613 passenger train back to Lianyungang, but found that he had lost a bundle of more than 2,500 yuan in cash, which was his hard-earned money from giving up the holiday in Beijing and working all the time. It is understood that Li (male, 30 years old, from Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province) gave up the Spring Festival and has been working in a hotel in Beijing. Now that the hotel is not busy, he wants to visit his parents in his hometown. The salary of 2,500 yuan earned during the holiday season, he deliberately tied it into a bundle with rubber bands and put it in his trouser pocket, ready to take it home to his parents. Before entering the station, he felt that the money was still in his trouser pocket, but now he found that the money was gone. He was very depressed. After understanding the situation, the police immediately transferred the surveillance video to view. In an hour’s time, the police finally found clues after taking the trajectory of Li’s pit stop. plum

　　After entering the seventh waiting room, someone dropped something when he was reaching the pre-inspection hall, and was checked by a man behind him. Because the surveillance camera is far away, it is not very clear to see the face of the man who picked up the money, but the man who picked it up did not stop Li in time, but stayed in the same place for a little before entering the pre-inspection hall. By continuing to track down, the police found that the man who picked up the money entered the platform and boarded the k429 passenger train. Therefore, the police immediately contacted the K429 train passenger and informed him of the situation. According to the physical characteristics of the man who picked up the money provided by the police station and the approximate location of the carriage. At 16: 30, k429 passengers reported that they had found the man who had picked up the money. The man also admitted that he had picked up more than 2,500 yuan in cash in the waiting room of Beijing Railway Station and handed it over. Because it is a different train in two directions, after communication, the policeman on the bus is responsible for transferring money to Li. On the evening of March 1, after receiving more than 2,500 yuan transferred by the police, Li quickly called the police at the Beijing Railway Station. On the phone, Li repeatedly thanked the police and train passengers at the Beijing Railway Station police station.

　　D26 passenger train: Only after leaving the station did it find that nearly 10,000 mobile phones were left on the train.

　　At about 14: 00 on March 2, after the D26 passenger train from Jiamusi to Beijing departed from Jinzhou Nankai, Shi Jianshan, a policeman of Chengde Police Brigade of Beijing Railway Public Security Bureau, suddenly received a call from passenger Zhang (male, 48 years old, from Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province) for help, claiming that he had neglected to get off at Jinzhou South and forgot to take his mobile phone in the storage bag in front of his seat. His mobile phone is Huawei Porsche, worth more than 9000 yuan. After receiving the report, Shi Jianshan immediately started his work and finally found Huawei’s mobile phone in the storage bag in front of Zhang’s seat in No.8 car. According to the communication with passenger Zhang, on March 3, Shi Jianshan handed over his mobile phone to the police on the D25 train from Beijing to Jiamusi, and he handed it over to passenger Zhang after arriving at Jinzhou South Station. (Text/Wang Haijun)

There are many respiratory diseases in children in winter, among which influenza virus is one of the common pathogens. On the questions that parents and friends are concerned about, the National Children’s Medical Center Beijing Children’s Hospital answered authoritatively.

1. What are the typical symptoms of influenza?

Children infected with influenza virus can show fever, chills, headache, myalgia and general malaise, often accompanied by respiratory diseases such as cough, sore throat and runny nose. The degree of fever in young children may be heavier, and some children may also have febrile convulsions; In addition, they will have more gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and poor appetite. Very few children infected with influenza may develop into severe influenza, causing laryngitis, pneumonia, encephalopathy, myocarditis and so on.

2. How does the flu spread and how long is the incubation period?

Influenza virus can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets (such as sneezing, coughing and talking) or after polluting the surface of objects. Influenza viruses can also spread through small air particles released by influenza patients when they breathe. Influenza patients are the main source of infection. The incubation period of influenza is generally 1-7 days, and most of them are 2-4 days.

3. How long is the general course of influenza and what is the change of the course?

For children without basic diseases, the course of influenza virus infection is acute and self-limited, and most symptoms disappear in about 2-3 days after onset. Some children’s fever lasts for 5 days, and most patients recover within 1 week, but cough may last for a long time, and fatigue and fatigue of a few elderly children (over seven or eight years old) may last for several weeks.

4. How to distinguish the flu from the common cold?

The full name of the flu is called "influenza", and you may think it is similar to the common cold, but the flu and the common cold cannot be confused.

The common cold can be caused by many pathogens, among which viruses are the most common, including rhinovirus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, bocavirus, etc. Bacteria and mycoplasma can also cause the common cold. The symptoms of the common cold are mild, usually low-to-moderate fever, which lasts for 1-2 days, and may be accompanied by other catarrhal symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, stuffy nose and slight cough, while the systemic symptoms such as chills, headache and joint muscle pain are very mild. Generally, there are no serious complications.

Influenza is mainly caused by influenza A and B virus infection, with high fever, severe systemic symptoms such as chills, headache and joint muscle pain. A few influenza patients may have complications such as rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, encephalitis and encephalopathy.

In the flu season, children with flu-like symptoms, especially those with a history of contact with influenza patients, should first consider influenza virus infection, which can be diagnosed by influenza virus antigen detection or influenza virus nucleic acid detection.

5. How is the flu generally treated?

After being infected with influenza virus, the treatment measures include antiviral and symptomatic treatment.

Anti-influenza drugs: At present, the oral antiviral drugs for influenza virus are mainly neuraminidase inhibitors, commonly used drugs include oseltamivir and mabaloxavir, and intravenous drugs include paramivir. Once you have the flu, the sooner you use anti-influenza drugs, the better, especially within 48 hours of onset. However, even if the course of the disease exceeds 48 hours, once the flu is confirmed, you should actively use drugs.

Symptomatic treatment measures: mainly to reduce fever and relieve discomfort. You can choose antipyretics scientifically, and you can also use some drugs to relieve symptoms such as cough and stuffy nose. It should be noted that the pharmaceutical ingredients of some compound preparations may overlap with other therapeutic drugs, and the combined use may cause an excessive amount of one ingredient and cause adverse reactions in children.

6. Is there any specific medicine for influenza and can it be prevented by drugs?

Oseltamivir is an antiviral drug specifically for influenza virus, which can shorten the duration of clinical symptoms. However, it is not recommended that children take anti-influenza drugs as soon as they have a fever, because there are many respiratory pathogens that cause fever, and oseltamivir is only effective for influenza.

The best way to prevent influenza virus is to actively vaccinate. If there is no contraindication, people over 6 months are advised to actively vaccinate against influenza. For children with high risk of severe influenza or influenza complications, who are contraindicated by influenza vaccine or have not been vaccinated (or within 2 weeks after vaccination), drug prevention should be considered. Drug prevention can reduce but not eliminate the risk of influenza, and the susceptibility to influenza will be restored after drug withdrawal. Therefore, routine drug prevention for children is not recommended.

7. Are azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs useful for influenza?

Antibacterials, including azithromycin, are ineffective against viral infection. However, if there is a mixed infection of influenza virus and bacteria or mycoplasma, doctors will also consider the use of anti-influenza drugs combined with antibacterial drugs.

8. Fever is one of the typical symptoms of children. What misunderstandings should be avoided in home care?

The main purpose of taking antipyretics for children is not to reduce the body temperature to normal, but to increase the comfort of children and let them spend the fever period comfortably and safely.

First of all, you can’t take two antipyretics at the same time, which will increase the burden on your child’s liver and kidney and cause adverse reactions; It is also not recommended to use the two antipyretics alternately, because it can not increase the antipyretic effect, but may mistake the time and even lead to overdose.

Secondly, when parents choose antipyretics for their children, they should not only choose drugs suitable for their age, but also read the instructions carefully, and give them to their children in strict accordance with the instructions, paying attention to the dosage and time interval. Remember not to increase the dosage or frequency at will because the child’s body temperature has not dropped to normal.

Finally, if you give your child a compound cold preparation at the same time, you must read the drug ingredient list to avoid duplication with other drugs being used, such as antipyretics. If there is duplication, please use it with caution to avoid overdose.

In daily life, children should be kept in a regular routine to ensure adequate sleep; In terms of diet, we should pay attention to nutrition, have a balanced diet, eat more fruits and vegetables and drink more water. At the same time, avoid the family environment being too dry and ensure the humidity, which is conducive to the recovery of children. Parents should also pay attention to the fact that children should neither cover up their fever nor let them catch cold again. Parents should maintain a peaceful attitude, pay attention to their children’s fever, and don’t be overly anxious, carefully observe their children’s situation and help them recover as soon as possible.

9. I am particularly worried about my child’s febrile convulsion. What should I do if there is febrile convulsion?

If the child has a febrile convulsion, parents must keep calm and don’t panic: (1) Let the child lie on his side or tilt his head to one side, and clean up things with sharp corners around him to ensure that the child will not be hurt when the convulsion occurs. (2) When convulsions occur, don’t stuff anything into the child’s mouth, and don’t feed anything, and don’t try to stop twitching by pressing the limbs. (3) Record the duration and seizure characteristics of convulsions. If the duration of convulsions exceeds 5 minutes or the status quo of convulsions has occurred in the past, call an ambulance. In most cases, febrile convulsions will stop within 5 minutes.

10. What happens that requires timely medical treatment?

Most children with influenza are mild patients, so they can take care of them at home. However, if the following situations occur, they should seek medical attention in time: children who have been diagnosed with influenza have high fever or fever for more than three days, poor mental health or even consciousness disorder, shortness of breath/dyspnea, chest pain, blue skin on the lips, frequent vomiting or diarrhea, convulsions, refusal to eat, scanty urine or urine turning red, and obvious muscle pain; Or if the symptoms are repeated, such as fever again after the flu symptoms are relieved, you need to seek medical advice in time to avoid aggravation and even danger.

11. Which children are at high risk of severe influenza?

High-risk children with severe influenza include: children under 5 years old, especially children under 2 years old; There are basic diseases, such as asthma, tumor, kidney disease, immunodeficiency, taking immunosuppressive drugs, etc.; Obese children are also high-risk groups. When high-risk people have fever during the influenza epidemic season, they should attach great importance to it and seek medical treatment as soon as possible. Once influenza virus infection is considered, antiviral treatment should be started as soon as possible. If there are no contraindications, people at high risk of severe influenza should be actively vaccinated before the flu season begins.

12. Will you get the flu if you are infected with mycoplasma pneumonia recently?

I will. Because the body’s resistance will decrease when it is infected, it may be easy to be infected with other pathogens. Measures to prevent cross-infection include paying attention to self-protection, trying not to take children to crowded places, especially places with poor air circulation, during the high incidence season of respiratory diseases; Pay attention to open the window regularly for ventilation indoors, and isolate it from the sick family if possible; Pay attention to hand hygiene and remind children not to touch their eyes, nose and mouth with unclean hands.

13. Will children have sequelae after the flu?

Most children will not leave sequelae after being infected with the flu. However, after the flu temperature is normal, cough and runny nose may last for a week or even longer. The treatment is mainly symptomatic, keeping the air moist and promoting airway recovery. If cough seriously affects rest, you can take some antitussive drugs under the guidance of a doctor. Some children may have chronic cough due to airway hyperresponsiveness, especially those with eczema and wheezing history, and can be given medication under the guidance of a doctor.

14. How to prevent the spread of influenza in schools and families?

Schools should organize and mobilize students and faculty to get flu vaccine before the flu season begins; It is necessary to strengthen health education for students and their families, help and urge students to develop good hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently and maintaining environmental hygiene; The classroom should be ventilated regularly; The school monitors students’ body temperature to find sick children in time; Once students are infected with influenza virus, they should rest at home and not go to school with illness; Attach importance to students’ physical exercise and enhance their physique and disease resistance.

Children suffering from influenza should ensure adequate rest, balanced nutrition, drink plenty of water and eat easily digestible food at home; Family members should maintain good hygienic living habits, pay attention to environmental hygiene and cough etiquette. If possible, we should try our best to isolate ourselves from sick family members; If you can’t isolate, you should wear a mask for protection. In addition, the indoor window should be ventilated regularly, but we should pay attention to keep warm in winter to avoid catching cold.

Authors: Zhao Guangyuan, the attending physician of emergency medicine in Beijing Children’s Hospital.

Audit: Wang Quan, Director of Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital

[US stock index]

On Wednesday, December 4, US Eastern Time, the three major US stock indexes closed higher, with the S&P 500 index rising 0.61% to 6086.49 points. The Dow Jones index rose 0.69% to 45014.04 points; The Nasdaq index rose 1.30% to 19,735.12.

American debt

On December 4, the benchmark 10-year US bond yield was 4.19%, and the 2-year US bond yield, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, was 4.13%.

[Hot American stocks]

Among the popular US stocks, Apple rose 0.15%, NVIDIA rose 3.48%, Microsoft rose 1.44%, Amazon rose 2.21%, Google C rose 1.77%, Google A rose 1.77%, Meta rose 0.02%, Tesla rose 1.85%, TSMC rose 0.89% and AMD rose 1.42%.

[global index]

[China index]

On December 4th, overnight Hang Seng Technology Index futures fell by 0.59%, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index fell by 1.38%, and FTSE China A50 Index fell by 0.09%.

[China Stock Exchange]

In terms of popular Chinese stocks, Tencent Holdings (Hong Kong stocks) fell by 0.30%, Alibaba by 0.88%, Pinduoduo by 0.26%, Netease by 1.60%, Ctrip by 1.69%, Baidu by 1.51%, LI by 1.23%, Xpeng Motors by 0.75% and Weilai by 0.97%.

[foreign exchange commodities]

[Global News]

Federal Reserve Chairman Powell: Oppose the President’s suggestion on interest rate policy.

On December 4, local time, Federal Reserve Chairman Powell said in an interview on the same day that the Federal Reserve was created by Congress and acted on behalf of all Americans, regardless of politics. This is a "national law". Powell added that he was not worried that Congress would change the independence of the Fed, and opposed the suggestion that the president should express his opinion on the interest rate policy.

Regarding the US economy, Powell said that the inflation rate has dropped and the unemployment rate is relatively low, and the current situation is "very good". Powell pointed out that the US economy is stronger than expected in September, so the central bank can be more cautious when cutting interest rates. When asked about the national debt problem, Powell said that the US federal budget is on an "unsustainable track" and needs to solve this problem as soon as possible. (CCTV News)

Federal Reserve Chairman Powell: Bitcoin is used as a speculative asset; Bitcoin’s competitor is gold, not dollars.

Federal Reserve Chairman Powell: Bitcoin is used as a speculative asset; Bitcoin’s competitor is gold, not dollars.

Federal Reserve Chairman Powell: We are modeling, studying and evaluating the tariff proposal.

Federal Reserve Chairman Powell: We are modeling, studying and evaluating tariff proposals.

Powell: The Fed can be cautious when looking for neutral interest rates.

Federal Reserve Chairman Powell: As time goes by, the Fed will gradually move towards a more neutral interest rate. Although the downside risk is lower than expected, the Fed can be cautious when looking for a neutral interest rate.

Federal Reserve’s Beige Book: Economic activity in most areas has increased slightly.

Federal Reserve’s Beige Book: Economic activities in most areas have increased slightly; Prices in various regions only rose at a moderate rate; The growth of power demand is driven by the rapid expansion of data centers. It is reported that in the next few years, it is planned to meet the power demand by investing in renewable energy generation capacity.

Powell: Capitol Hill generally supports the independence of the Fed and is not worried about the risk of the Fed losing its independence.

Powell said that Capitol Hill generally supports the independence of the Fed and is not worried about the risk of the Fed losing its independence.

European Central Bank Management Committee nagel: Interest rates may be cut again next week.

Nagel, the governing board of the European Central Bank, said on Wednesday that the ECB may cut interest rates again next week, but the easing policy should be gradual and cautious. Nagel said on Wednesday, "In view of the fact that the process of falling inflation is basically in line with current expectations, at this stage, if we continue to lower the policy interest rate, I will not object." "But I will reserve my final judgment and make a decision after reviewing the new macroeconomic forecast in December and considering the risks around the baseline."

Nagel, Governing Committee of the European Central Bank: In favor of adopting a gradual and cautious interest rate cut.

Nagel, the Governing Committee of the European Central Bank: We are in favor of a gradual and prudent interest rate cut. There is no significant risk that inflation is lower than expected. Not in a hurry to adjust interest rates; I don’t object to the interest rate cut in December, but wait for the forecast result.

Google: A new dating and dating advertising policy will be launched in March 2025.

Google: A new dating and dating advertising policy will be launched in March 2025. According to the new policy, advertisers need to be certified by Google before placing dating or dating-related advertisements through Google ads.

BlackRock’s Outlook in 2025: The artificial intelligence boom continues to boost US stocks. It is expected that the Federal Reserve will not be able to lower interest rates below 4%.

BlackRock, the world’s largest asset management company, expects that the artificial intelligence boom will continue to boost US stocks and support broader economic growth next year, although the rising debt level in the United States may threaten its optimistic forecast for 2025. The agency said that the innovation of artificial intelligence technology may make US stocks benefit more than European stocks. The agency said that although the US economic growth may cool down slightly next year, the Federal Reserve may not be able to cut interest rates significantly because inflation is still sticky and higher than the central bank’s target. The agency expects that the interest rate will not fall below 4% from the current 4.5%-4.75%. Continued price pressure caused by geopolitical division and infrastructure expenditure may put pressure on the bond market.

CCTV News:According to the data released by China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing today (October 8th), the e-commerce logistics market, which is closely related to online consumption, rebounded significantly in the traditional peak consumption season. In September, the e-commerce logistics index of China rose to the second highest point in the year.

In September, China’s e-commerce logistics index was 108.1 points, 3.9 points higher than last month, and the index level was close to the high of 108.9 points in February this year. Among them, the total business volume of e-commerce logistics returned to more than 20% year-on-year. The business volume of e-commerce in all regions of the country has increased, among which the eastern region has the largest rebound.

From the perspective of logistics service ability, the indexes such as logistics timeliness and performance rate have all stopped falling and rebounded, indicating that the efficiency of logistics supply has been further improved.

From the perspective of employment, the e-commerce logistics personnel index hit a new high in September, indicating that the market demand for e-commerce employees is strong. In addition, the logistics business volume of rural e-commerce rebounded significantly and achieved double-digit growth.

Liu Yuhang, Director of China Logistics Information Center:E-commerce logistics is more active, and the recovery speed is faster. The online retail sales of physical (physical) goods and the business volume of express delivery enterprises have a new growth.

Chang’ an hits hard! The new super hybrid A05,666,600, subverting the B-class car market!

Friends, the auto market is frying again!

Changan Automobile is really have no martial ethics this time, and directly put a bombshell.

The brand-new Qiyuan A05 they just released is simply a sword to stir up the whole B-class car market.

This car not only hasSuper hybrid system, still canPlug-in hybridandExtended rangeThe key is that the price is so low that people doubt life-Only 66,600 cases.!

Yes, you are not mistaken, it is 66,600!

Market background

In the current automobile market, new energy vehicles are a red sea. The major manufacturers, you can sing and I will appear, but they are often high-priced and low-priced, which makes ordinary consumers flinch. But Chang’ an is going to take a drastic measure this time! Breaking into the B-class car market with ultra-low price is going to set off a blood shed!

appearance design

The design of Qiyuan A05 can be said to be quite amazing.

The front face is adoptedSharp split headlightsDesign, cooperatePenetrating LED daytime running lampIt looks both fashionable and full of technology.

The side lines are smooth,Waist line risingIt gives people a feeling of being dynamic.

The rear taillight group is also used.Penetration designIt is simply a beautiful landscape after lighting up at night.

Interior configuration

Open the car door, you can be at first sight.Double screenDesign attraction.

The one on the center console12.3-inch touch screenDon’t be too cool, it’s also a flowing operation.

The steering wheel is adoptedMultifunctional key design, all kinds of functions can be reached at one finger.

It is worth mentioning that A05 is also equipped withPanoramic sunroofIt makes the whole interior space look particularly spacious and bright.

power system

When it comes to power system, this is A05′ s biggest killer.

It adoptsSuper hybrid system, can be automatically switched according to different scenes.Plug-in hybridandExtended range mode.

What does this mean?

It means that you can drive with pure electricity in the city, and you don’t have to worry about battery life when you go far away.

it is saidPure battery life can reach more than 100 kilometers.This is more than enough for daily commuting.

Price advantage

Now let’s talk about the most exciting part-the price!

The starting price of is only66,600 yuan!

Yes, this is the incredible price.

You know, the same level of B-class cars, other brands will start at 150,000.

Changan can be said to be this timeDiscount the price directly.Ah!

This is simply to use the price butcher knife to wash the whole market!

Cost performance analysis

From the configuration alone, A05 can definitely compete with more than 100,000 models.

However, the price of others is only 66,600, which is simply off the charts!

You know, the new energy vehicles on the market now cost tens of thousands of batteries alone.

How did Chang ‘an do it?

Are they making Guinness World Records at a loss?

Personal point of view

To tell the truth, when I first saw the price of A05, my expression was like seeing a ghost. This is too cheap! But think about it carefully, this may be Chang ‘an’s.market strategy. Quickly occupy the market with ultra-low prices, and then slowly enhance the brand image. This move can be said to be quite clever.

Interactive appeal

Friends, what do you think of Changan’s operation this time? Will A05 really become the showstopper of the B-class car market? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area for discussion!

tag

Changan Qiyuan A05 was born, which undoubtedly injected a shot in the arm into the B-class car market.

It is not only a new car, but also a ticket to the future.Enjoy high-end configuration at ultra-low price.This may become a new trend in the future automobile market.

Whether you are a car fan or not, A05 is worth knowing.

Who doesn’t want to buy a B-class car comparable to 150,000 for 66,600?

disclaimerThe opinions in this article only represent personal opinions. Please refer to the actual car model and price for specific car purchase.

China’s water resources are in serious shortage, and the contradiction of agricultural water use is becoming increasingly prominent. To develop modern agriculture, change the mode of agricultural development, promote disaster prevention and reduction, and achieve stable and increased agricultural production, we must vigorously develop water-saving agriculture. In order to implement this year’s central governmentoneDocumentNo. and the spirit of the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the leading comrades of the State Council on vigorously developing water-saving agriculture, and accelerating the sound and rapid development of water-saving agriculture, this opinion is formulated.

First, fully understand the great significance of developing water-saving agriculture

Agriculture stands on soil, prospers with fertilizer and prospers with water. Water is one of the most scarce agricultural resources, and it is also a key factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. Agricultural departments at all levels should fully understand the significance of water-saving agriculture in ensuring national food security and changing the mode of agricultural development, earnestly enhance their sense of responsibility and urgency, seize the opportunity, and accelerate the development of water-saving agriculture.

(A) The contradiction of agricultural water shortage is becoming more and more prominent.China’s total water resources only account for the world’s.6%Per capita is less than a quarter of the world average. Agricultural water consumption is about3600Billion cubic meters, the proportion of water from1997Annual69.7%Drop to the current61.3%About, reduced200Billion cubic meters. With the population growth, especially the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction of water use between workers and peasants and between urban and rural areas has further increased, and the difficulty of ensuring agricultural irrigation water has been increasing. At present, the irrigation area of farmland in China9.05100 million mu, irrigation water gap300More than 100 million cubic meters. According to the national water resources development plan, the future15The annual agricultural water consumption will maintain zero growth, and the situation of agricultural water shortage is becoming increasingly severe.

(2) The threat of drought to agricultural production is increasing.With the global warming, the frequency, scope and severity of drought in China are getting higher and higher, and the threat of drought and water shortage to agricultural production is getting bigger and bigger. Drought has become the normal state that affects the development of grain and agricultural production, and the sustainable development of agriculture is facing a serious threat. near10In recent years, the average annual drought area in China has beenfourAbout 100 million mu, which is the last century.50S more than twice, the average annual disaster area.2More than 100 million mu, grain loss due to drought.600More than 100 million Jin. Therefore, we must take the development of water-saving agriculture as a revolutionary measure and explore a way to use water reasonably and efficiently.

(3) The potential of developing water-saving agriculture is increasingly apparent.At present, all over the country9.05Of the 100 million mu of irrigation area, the water-saving area of engineering facilities only accounts for.44.3%; exist23Agronomic water-saving area accounts for only 100 million mu of crop planting area.17.4%. The utilization rate of agricultural water in China is lower than that in developed countries.twentyAccording to the calculation of relevant experts, by popularizing water-saving technology in farmland, it can save water in wheat and rice production in irrigation areas.360The potential of 100 million cubic meters is equivalent to the new irrigation area.8200Ten thousand mu, increase production per mu.300Jin grain calculation can increase grain production capacity.246Billions of Jin. Improving the utilization rate of natural precipitation in dry farming areas has the following advantages.260100 million cubic meters of potential. At the same time, the grain production efficiency of irrigation water will be improved by popularizing farmland water-saving technology.0.1kilogram/Cubic meters, the grain production efficiency of precipitation per millimeter in dry areas is improved.0.1kilogram/Mu, can increase grain production capacity.1000More than 100 million Jin is equivalent to the national goal of increasing grain output by 100 billion Jin.

(D) The policy of developing water-saving agriculture is getting stronger and stronger.The CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to the work of water-saving agriculture, and has issued a series of supporting policies in recent years to promote the development of water-saving agriculture. In the face of the drought in southwest China the year before last, arrangements were madethree100 million yuan was used for the popularization of plastic film mulching technology, and it was arranged last year.five100 million yuan for plastic film mulching in northwest China. All localities responded positively, integrated resources, increased investment, and made overall planning and coordination to form a joint force. According to incomplete statistics, the whole society invests as much money in water-saving agriculture every year.50More than 100 million yuan. The development situation of water-saving agriculture is getting better and better, the atmosphere is getting stronger and stronger, the policies are getting stronger and stronger, and the agricultural water-saving technology modes such as full film mulching and drip irrigation under film are becoming more and more mature, which has created rare opportunities and conditions for planning large projects, building large demonstration areas and popularizing and applying new water-saving agricultural technologies in a large area.

Two, accurately grasp the guiding ideology and objectives and tasks of developing water-saving agriculture.

Agricultural departments at all levels should further clarify the working ideas of developing water-saving agriculture, clarify the objectives and tasks, highlight regional characteristics, and accelerate development.

(5) Guiding ideology.Adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, according to the requirements of building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society and accelerating the transformation of agricultural development mode, firmly establish the concept of "saving water and increasing production, saving water and increasing efficiency", comprehensively apply engineering, agronomy, biology, management and other measures according to the law of crop water demand and the characteristics of agricultural water resources utilization, accelerate technology integration, and demonstrate and popularize water-saving agricultural technology on a larger scale and at a higher level with the construction of demonstration areas as a platform; Establish an investment mechanism led by the government and widely participated by all sectors of society, and greatly increase the investment in farmland water saving; Further strengthen the construction of functions and means, establish and improve the national soil moisture monitoring network system, and establish and improve the grass-roots water-saving agricultural extension service system. Gradually form a water-saving agricultural policy system, technical system and working system, strengthen classified guidance, improve the optimal allocation of water resources and water production efficiency, and provide strong support for ensuring food security and changing agricultural development mode.

(6) development goals.According to the principle of optimized layout and overall promotion, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Park was established and built nationwide.100A distinctive, large-scale water-saving agricultural core demonstration area, the new water-saving agricultural technology demonstration and promotion areaoneOne hundred million mu, irrigation water and natural precipitation production efficiency improved.10%. By vigorously developing water-saving agriculture, the overall goal of "one promotion, two alleviation and three improvement" will be realized, namely: promoting grain production and increasing farmers’ income; Alleviate the contradiction of water shortage in agricultural production and the threat of drought to agricultural production; Improve water productivity, improve agricultural drought resistance and disaster reduction capacity, and improve the comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land.

(7) Basic principles.Based on the field, comprehensive support. The key link of water-saving agriculture is in the field, and grasping farmland water-saving will grasp the foundation of water-saving agriculture. Strengthen the integrated application of engineering, equipment, agronomy, biology, chemistry and management measures in the field, and establish a comprehensive water-saving technical system of "storage-collection-protection-saving-use". Highlight key points and demonstrate. Highlight the key areas, main promotion modes, leading crops and key technologies of water-saving agriculture, strengthen integrated assembly, demonstration and radiation-driven, strive to produce scale effect, and gradually form a new pattern of water-saving agriculture with obvious benefits and unique characteristics. According to local conditions, classified guidance. According to the situation of water resources, crop distribution and farming system, the development plan and work plan of water-saving agriculture are formulated according to local conditions. According to the type of cultivated land soil, climate characteristics, water demand law of crops, etc., strengthen classification guidance and scientific management. Government-led, multi-party participation. Give full play to the leading role of the government in developing water-saving agriculture, strengthen policy support and capital investment, co-ordinate a number of resources, and give full play to the comprehensive effect of project funds. Encourage enterprises, farmers and all sectors of society to actively participate, and form a good situation of promoting the development of water-saving agriculture at multiple levels and through multiple channels.

Third, determine the regional main push technology model according to local conditions

To develop water-saving agriculture, it is necessary to integrate key technologies, make clear the main mode and achieve key breakthroughs.

(eight) the "three North" regional technology model.The northwest, north China and northeast China are seriously short of water resources, with less precipitation and large evaporation. Drought and water shortage have become the main bottleneck of agricultural development, and the annual output fluctuates greatly due to drought. These areas actively develop corn, potatoes, cotton and other staple crops mainly by popularizing and applying water-saving agricultural technologies. In areas without irrigation conditions, water storage and moisture conservation should be carried out simultaneously, and soil reservoirs should be built through conservation tillage, subsoiling and soil improvement to improve water storage and water conservation capacity; Rational development of drought-resistant small water sources, popularization of drought-resistant sowing with water, scientific application of drought-resistant agents and water-retaining agents to solve the problem of drought-resistant seedlings in spring; Vigorously promote plastic film and straw mulching technology to achieve rainwater harvesting and moisture conservation; In areas with irrigation conditions, we will vigorously develop high-efficiency water-saving technologies such as drip irrigation under film, micro-irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation, water and fertilizer integration, and water-saving mechanization in dry farming.

(9) Technical model of main wheat producing areas in Huanghuaihai.The resource water shortage and engineering water shortage coexist in the main wheat producing areas of Huang-Huai-Hai, water shortage and waste coexist, flood irrigation is more common, groundwater is seriously over-exploited, and the contradiction of water use is increasingly prominent. The key point is to popularize soil moisture measurement and irrigation saving technology, improve irrigation system and optimize water delivery and irrigation methods. Through the monitoring of soil moisture, the irrigation scheme is scientifically formulated, and the technical modes such as "Xiaobailong" water conveyance, "Little Dilong" sprinkler irrigation and changing long border into short border are mainly popularized and applied. Focus on the production of horticultural crops such as fruits and vegetables, and vigorously promote the integration technology of micro-irrigation and fertilizer. In suitable areas, conservation tillage should be implemented, and soil moisture conservation measures such as subsoiling and suppression, hoeing and mulching should be adopted to improve soil moisture storage capacity.

(10) Technology model in southern China.The precipitation in southern China is abundant, but the spatial and temporal distribution is uneven, and the terrain is complex, and the engineering water shortage is more prominent. In recent years, the frequency of seasonal drought is getting higher and higher, and the threat of drought and water shortage to agricultural production is increasing. In seasonal arid areas, the key points are to strengthen the construction of slope to ladder, field rainwater collection, irrigation and drainage facilities, and enhance the capacity of water storage and water transfer. Around corn, potatoes and other crops, technologies such as plastic film mulching, biological mulching and rainwater harvesting and supplementary irrigation are mainly promoted. Develop efficient water-saving technology with modern micro-sprinkler irrigation and water and fertilizer integration as the core on economic horticultural crops. Popularize techniques such as shallow wet and thin sun irrigation and controlled irrigation in paddy fields to promote the coupling of water and fertilizer.

Four, earnestly do the key work of water-saving agriculture.

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, agricultural departments at all levels should base themselves on the existing foundation and promote the development of water-saving agriculture from the aspects of facility construction, technology popularization, rational planting and scientific drought resistance.

(eleven) to strengthen infrastructure construction.Seize the favorable opportunity that the state attaches great importance to farmland water conservancy construction, integrate resources and strengthen the construction of water-saving agricultural infrastructure in the field. Combined with the construction of high-standard farmland, we will strengthen the construction of cultivated land quality, improve the guarantee conditions of farmland water sources, and form a new pattern of water-saving agriculture integrating storage, protection, collection, saving and use. In combination with the organization and implementation of projects such as the field project of adding 100 billion Jin of grain production capacity nationwide, the demonstration project of dry farming water-saving agriculture and the popularization of dry farming science and technology, we will strengthen the construction of water-saving micro-projects and supporting facilities in the field and improve the ability of farmland to store water and preserve moisture. Combined with farmland water conservancy construction and comprehensive agricultural development, we will comprehensively improve the ability of farmland to resist disasters and reduce disasters and continuously increase production of cultivated land.

(twelve) to speed up the demonstration and popularization of technology.Carry out in-depth demonstration activities of water-saving agriculture and establish a demonstration platform. Make full use of platforms such as the establishment of high yield of grain, cotton, oil and sugar and the establishment of horticultural crops standard garden, highlight superior crops according to the production conditions, resource characteristics and farming systems in different regions, strengthen the construction of farmland water-saving demonstration areas, integrate and demonstrate a number of new simple and practical water-saving technology models, and carry out the popularization and application of water-saving technology and equipment. Pay close attention to technical experiments and demonstrations, so that there are demonstrations in counties and villages, and the scale of demonstrations is constantly expanding. Strengthen the cultivation of demonstration subjects, focus on supporting, serving and guiding large grain producers, science and technology demonstration households and professional cooperatives, set an example, drive surrounding farmers, and effectively play the role of demonstration.

(thirteen) the implementation of adaptive planting methods.According to the situation of water resources in different regions, make overall planning, rationally arrange crop planting structure because of water layout, and promote the sustainable utilization of water resources. Adjust and optimize the structure of planting crops and varieties, make full use of natural rainfall, synchronize the water demand period of crop growth with the rainy season, and change passive drought resistance into active drought avoidance. Cultivate and popularize high-yield and drought-tolerant varieties, improve farming and cultivation systems, improve crop water use efficiency, and achieve the goals of saving water, increasing production and increasing efficiency.

(fourteen) do a good job in scientific drought relief.Make overall plans, plan ahead for a rainy day, study and formulate emergency plans for drought relief, actively prepare for drought-resistant technology, materials, work organization and operation mechanism, and improve the ability to cope with drought. Establish and improve the network system of soil moisture monitoring, make full use of modern information technology, optimize monitoring methods, and improve the timeliness, pertinence and scientificity of soil moisture monitoring. Improve the information release mechanism and provide scientific basis for agricultural production and drought relief in time.

Five, constantly strengthen the safeguard measures for the development of water-saving agriculture

(15) Strengthen organizational leadership.Agricultural departments at all levels should fully understand the great significance of developing water-saving agriculture in safeguarding national food security and transforming agricultural development mode, earnestly strengthen organizational leadership, conscientiously perform the responsibility of "developing water-saving agriculture by using engineering facilities, agronomy, agricultural machinery, biology and other measures", develop and expand the professional team, promote the construction of water-saving agriculture system, and provide organizational and institutional guarantee for accelerating the development of water-saving agriculture.

(16) Increase investment.Strengthen communication and cooperation with relevant departments, integrate resources, form a joint force, and establish an investment mechanism with government as the leading factor and social participation. Make full use of project funds such as irrigation and water conservancy construction, water-saving in dry farming, plastic film mulching, national plan for increasing grain production capacity by 100 billion Jin, demonstration project of water-saving agriculture in dry farming, special financial project for popularization of dry farming science and technology and conservation tillage, actively guide local governments and all sectors of society to increase investment in water-saving agriculture, strengthen the construction of water-saving projects and supporting facilities in the field, and improve the level of technology and equipment of water-saving agriculture.

(seventeen) to strengthen the foundation support.Strengthen the construction of water-saving agricultural technology system, improve service means and improve service capacity. Formulate the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for the development of water-saving agriculture, clarify the development ideas, objectives and tasks, regional layout and main promotion mode, and scientifically guide the development of water-saving agriculture. Strengthen the docking of teaching, scientific research and popularization, accelerate the application of modern high-tech, develop and popularize simple, economical and practical new technologies and products, and provide scientific and technological support for the development of water-saving agriculture. Actively learn from foreign water-saving agricultural technology, experience and management methods, and combine production practice to guide the development of water-saving agriculture.

(eighteen) extensive publicity and training.All localities should take various forms to publicize water-saving agriculture through various media, strive for leadership attention and departmental support, and form a good atmosphere for the whole society to care, support and participate in the development of water-saving agriculture. Through going to the countryside through science and technology, demonstrating and observing, printing and distributing materials and on-site training, we will publicize and popularize water-saving agricultural technology, raise farmers’ awareness of water-saving and promote the sustainable development of water-saving agriculture.

The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China

two0January 31, 1921