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　　According to "Shenyang Released" WeChat WeChat official account News, on March 28th, the Information Office of Shenyang Municipal People’s Government held a press conference to release the latest news on epidemic prevention and control. Wang Ping, deputy director of the Shenyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that at present, Shenyang has carried out five rounds of nucleic acid testing for all employees, and a total of 168 cases of positive infections have been detected. From the fifth round alone, there are 22 cases of positive infections, including 7 cases in the social sector. This shows that the citizens are still in a state of mobility, and the mobility is bound to cross-infect, and some Covid-19-positive infections are still detected in the social sector; The distribution area of positive infected people has expanded, and epidemiological investigation shows that the infected people have a complex track and a wide range. Especially, the Omicron mutant strain that caused the epidemic has the characteristics of strong concealment, fast transmission speed, short incubation period and inconspicuous symptoms. Only by reducing the flow and gathering of people as much as possible can the virus spread be blocked as soon as possible. To this end, through the full-scale nucleic acid test as soon as possible, the positive infected people will be screened out and screened clean, and the life safety and physical health of the citizens of Shencheng will be protected to the maximum extent. After comprehensive judgment by the national, provincial and municipal expert groups on epidemic prevention and control, it is decided to upgrade Shenyang.

　　During the period of upgrading control, the personnel in the sealed-off area with cases and the designated middle and high-risk areas shall stay indoors in strict accordance with the requirements of the sealed-off area, and live in single rooms when conditions permit; The control area should also strictly enforce that people do not leave the community (village) or gather, and the prevention area should implement "strengthening social control and strictly limiting the scale of people gathering" and participate in sampling at the specified time and place.

[Abstract] After entering the new era, under the background of profound changes in the situation at home and abroad, the second generation of the central leading collective of the CPC with Deng Xiaoping as the core, relying on rich political experience and keen insight, revolved around two major issues, such as how to understand the international situation and what kind of foreign policy to formulate according to the situation, not only scientifically analyzed the rapidly evolving trend of the times and the world trend at that time, but also formed a series of major strategic judgments that profoundly affected contemporary China. The diplomatic thought of "two transformations" put forward in 1985 is one of the outstanding representatives. History shows that the brewing and development of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" not only accurately answered a series of important questions such as the historical position of contemporary China and its strategic position in international politics, but also played a great role in promoting China’s modernization and reform and opening up. Therefore, it is a key to understand the development of CPC’s diplomatic thought since the new period.

[Keywords:] "Two transformations"; Put forward the course; profound influence

At the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 4th, 1985, Deng Xiaoping made a striking speech. He mentioned that after the downfall of the Gang of Four, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, through the analysis of the general trend of the world and the surrounding environment, China achieved two important changes in its judgment of the international situation and its foreign policy, namely, it changed its original view that the danger of war was imminent and changed the "one line" strategy we pursued in the past. [1](pp.126-128) This idea is what the academic circles later called "two changes" in China’s diplomacy in the new period.

Since the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" was put forward, although the world is not peaceful, under this guidance, the pace of China’s rise has been steadily moving forward. This shows that this idea has stood the test of time and history. It is for this reason that the research on this idea has always been attached importance by domestic academic circles. Previous studies show that "two transformations" are not only a theoretical crystallization of Deng Xiaoping’s diplomatic thought, but also a key to understand the development of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s diplomatic thought in the new period.

This year coincides with the 30th anniversary of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations". In order to deeply study this important thought, which has a profound influence on contemporary China, the author tries to make a further discussion on the course, basic connotation and far-reaching influence of this thought on the basis of the above research and in combination with the current domestic and international situation.

First, the realization of the historical turning point: the origin of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

As an important guiding ideology of China government’s foreign policy in the new period, the proposal of "two changes" is not out of thin air and accidental, but has a very complicated and profound historical background.

(A) the basic understanding of the CPC on two major issues in the 1970s

In the 1970s, under the background of bipolar hegemony, with the change of the offensive and defensive situation between the United States and the Soviet Union, the whole international relations presented a complicated situation of drastic changes. One of its appearances is the gradual formation of the strategic triangle between China, the United States and the Soviet Union in the western Pacific and the resulting game among all parties. Under this situation, a series of major historical events have occurred in this region, such as the armed conflict on the Sino-Soviet border, Nixon’s visit to China, the signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems by the United States and the Soviet Union, and the climax of the third diplomatic relations between New China. This series of major historical events profoundly influenced the judgment of the Chinese Communist Party on the international situation and the formulation of foreign policies throughout the 1970s. Undoubtedly, the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1973 and the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1977 can best reflect this understanding.

In judging the international situation at the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1973, the basic points are as follows: First, the current international situation is characterized by chaos in the world, and "everything is coming"; Second, the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union is the source of world unrest; Third, the United States and the Soviet Union both compete and collude. The Soviet Union was a diversion from the East to the West, and its real strategic focus was on Europe. While the west wants to lead the disaster to China. Accordingly, in foreign policy, the Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that we should strengthen unity with all countries that are invaded, subverted, interfered, controlled and bullied by imperialism, so as to form the broadest United front and oppose imperialism and colonialism, old and new, especially the hegemonism of the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. [2]

At the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1977, judging the international situation, its basic points were as follows: First, while the revolutionary factors continued to grow, the war factors increased obviously; Second, the Soviet Union and the United States are the source of the new world war. However, under the strategic situation that the Soviet Union takes the offensive and the United States is on the defensive, the Soviet Union is more dangerous. Third, although the struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States has spread all over the world, its focus is still on Europe; There is a trend of appeasement in the West, which not only fantasizes about maintaining peace by compromising and giving in, but also fantasizes about pushing the Soviet Union to China. Accordingly, in foreign policy, the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that all preparations should be made for the Soviet Union and the United States to launch a new world war, and all countries invaded, subverted, interfered, controlled and bullied by imperialism and social imperialism should be United to form the broadest United front against the hegemonism of the two superpowers. [3]

Although there are still obvious mistakes and shortcomings in the ideological line and political line of the Tenth and Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, these two important meetings comprehensively and intensively reflected the basic understanding of the CPC on two major issues, namely, the judgment of the international situation and the formulation of foreign policies. In short, this is: the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union is the root of world turmoil; The factors of war are obviously increasing, and the Soviet Union has become the main threat to trigger war. China needs to build the most extensive international anti-hegemony united front to oppose the possible world war.

(B) the shift of the focus of the work of the party and the state and the origin of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

The development of history is often not a straight line. After entering the late 1970s, with the development and changes of the domestic and international situation, new changes have taken place in the two major issues mentioned above. The fundamental reason for this change lies in the historical turning point in China at the end of 1978.

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in December 1978 was an important turning point in the contemporary history of China. This plenary session not only completely corrected the "Cultural Revolution" and its previous "Left" errors, but also made a strategic decision to shift the focus of the work of the party and the country to socialist modernization and implement reform and opening up, thus realizing a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of the party and the country and opening a new period in the history of reform and opening up in China. Since then, unswervingly promoting reform, opening up and modernization has become "the overriding central task of the people of the whole country for a long time to come" and "a great cause that will determine the fate of the motherland for a thousand years." [4](pp.208-209)

So, how can we ensure this "central task" and "a great cause for generations to come"? In this regard, the top leaders of the Communist Party of China have gradually formed some consensus: to speed up modernization, we must open our doors to the world while basing ourselves on the domestic market, so as to introduce foreign advanced technology, expand exports, increase foreign exchange, and develop foreign economic cooperation, and so on. [5](p.327) Although a consensus has been reached, it is necessary to implement these grand ideas in complicated practical work, but it is necessary to answer the two major questions mentioned above in theory. That is, how to look at the changed international situation and how to formulate China’s foreign policy in the new period.

At the same time that China has achieved a historical turning point, the whole international relations and situation are also in a "turning point". [6] (P. Foreword.1) This is highlighted in the following aspects: After entering the 1980s, a new scientific and technological revolution flourished around the world. Driven by this new scientific and technological revolution, the wave of reform and adjustment began to spread all over different types of countries, and the trend of economic globalization was further highlighted. Moreover, with the further rise of economic and scientific factors in international relations, the strategic focus among big countries is increasingly shifting from short-term and military advantages to long-term and comprehensive national strength competition. [6] (P. Preface.3) Obviously, under this situation, the original judgment that "war is imminent" can no longer accurately reflect the developed and changed world trend, and the original view of the times that insists on revolution and war can no longer scientifically reveal the developed and changed trend of the times.

It can be seen that the origin of the problem of "two changes" is an inevitable requirement for the development of the domestic situation after the shift of the focus of the party and the state. From abroad, this is a reflection and adaptation of the CCP to the changing world trend. In this regard, Deng Xiaoping once profoundly pointed out: "Our foreign policy is based on our general views and analysis of international issues." [7](p.327) "The primary task of China’s foreign work is to strive for peace and serve China’s socialist modernization." [8](p.10)

Second, the exploration in great changes: the brewing process of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations"

Like any mature guiding ideology, the proposal of "two transformations" is not achieved overnight, but has gone through an unusually careful brewing process.

(A) the situation at home and abroad from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s

From the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, the situation at home and abroad developed rapidly and experienced profound changes. Specifically:

Domestically, during this period, China not only brought order out of chaos in the guiding ideology, but also achieved a great victory in the practical work on all fronts, thus realizing a historic and great transformation. On this basis, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the scientific proposition of building socialism with China characteristics. After the 12th National Congress, the reform and opening-up began to spread rapidly throughout the country, and China’s social productive forces were greatly promoted, and its comprehensive national strength was constantly enhanced. This is mainly manifested in:

First, the economic field. On the basis of summing up historical experience, the party and the state have steadily shifted the focus of their work to socialist modernization. On the one hand, they have resolutely eliminated the long-standing "Left" errors in economic work, on the other hand, they have conscientiously implemented the policy of adjustment, reform, rectification and improvement. After several years of hard work, by 1985, China’s economy had passed the most difficult period and embarked on a healthy track of steady development.

Second, the political field. It ended the long-term social unrest after the "Cultural Revolution" and realized a stable, United and lively political situation. The leading bodies at all levels of the CPC and the state have been gradually adjusted, rectified and strengthened; Democracy and the legal system have been gradually improved; The relationship of equality and unity among all ethnic groups has been strengthened again; The patriotic United front has been further expanded; Education, science and culture are gradually on the right track and show a preliminary prosperity; Wait a minute. Such a political situation is considered to be "one of the best historical periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China". [9](p.262)

Third, the ideological field and the self-construction of the CPC. The cult of personality and dogmatism that prevailed in the past have been broken, and the society is active in thinking, and there has been a vivid scene of trying to study new situations and solve new problems. In addition, in order to correctly implement the policy of emancipating the mind, the CPC reaffirmed the four cardinal principles in time and did a lot of work to correct the party style. Moreover, leading posts of the party, government and army at all levels, from the central government to the local government, have added a number of outstanding cadres who have both ability and political integrity and are in the prime of life, and the abolition of the tenure system for cadres and the rejuvenation of cadres have been significantly promoted. [9](p.400)

Fourth, the military field. The People’s Liberation Army has made remarkable achievements in strengthening military training and ideological and political work, improving the relationship between the army and the government, guarding the border, safeguarding the security of the motherland and participating in socialist construction. The military and political quality of the army has been improved under the new historical conditions. [9](p.263)

Fifth, the diplomatic field. The China administration actively adjusted its relations with the United States, Japan, the Soviet Union and other countries, thus "opening up a new situation in the international struggle", constantly improving its international status and greatly improving its international situation and national security situation. Moreover, with the promotion of opening to the outside world, China has gradually broken through the shackles of capital, technology, talents and management, and its economic ties with other countries have become increasingly close and frequent, and its economic dependence with other countries has deepened. [9](p.59)

In short, by the mid-1980s, China "had begun to find a way to build socialism with China characteristics" and was in "one of the best and crucial periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China". [9](p.397)

At the same time, from the perspective of foreign countries, international politics, economy and new technological revolution are also undergoing a profound change. This is mainly manifested in:

First, the trend of multipolarization in international politics has been further enhanced. First of all, after fierce competition in the early 1980s, the Soviet Union began to shrink its forces and fronts around 1984. Taking this as a turning point, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union and even the whole international situation began to gradually turn to relaxation. This trend became more obvious after Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985. Secondly, with the growing discord within the western camp and the obvious intensification of the centrifugal tendency of eastern European countries towards the Soviet Union, the ability of the United States and the Soviet Union to control and influence international affairs has been greatly weakened. Thirdly, the struggle of the third world, which accounts for three quarters of the world’s population, to safeguard national independence and develop national economy has continued to develop, and it has increasingly become an important force that cannot be ignored in international politics. In addition, the reform and opening up has greatly activated the vitality of China, and China has increasingly become an important force on the international stage.

Second, peace and development have become the central issues of common concern to people all over the world. During this period, under the trend of economic globalization, the re-development of developed countries and the development of developing countries, as well as the contradiction between North and South derived from it, have increasingly become obstacles to the further development of the global economy. Under this background, all countries in the world are troubled by various economic problems. In order to solve their own development problems, countries urgently need not only a peaceful environment, but also economic exchanges between them. Seeking peace, development and cooperation has become the trend of the times.

Third, science and technology are increasingly becoming the most active and decisive factor in the new social productive forces. During this period, with the high-tech strategies such as the "high frontier" in the United States, the "Eureka Plan" in Western Europe, the "comprehensive outline of scientific and technological progress" in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and the "research plan for new fields of human science" in Japan, by the mid-1980s, the competition of developed countries to seize the commanding heights of science and technology had become a heated trend, and the competition of comprehensive national strength based on economy and guided by science and technology had increasingly become the most international competition, especially among big countries. [8](p.49)

Fourth, the economic rise of East Asia in 1980s. Following the rapid development of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" in the 1970s, the East Asian region, represented by China and Southeast Asian countries, experienced rapid economic growth in the 1980s. The rapid growth of the overall economy in East Asia has attracted worldwide attention and is also known as the "Asian economic miracle". Many people believe that this is the most remarkable event in world history after World War II, and believe that the modernization of Asia will become the most important world development direction from the 1990s to the early 21st century.

(B) In the mid-1980s, the CPC made breakthroughs in understanding several major issues.

It is under the above historical background that the second generation of the Central Leading Group of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping at the core has made an unusually prudent exploration around how to treat the changed international situation and formulate foreign policies corresponding to it. This kind of exploration, first of all, is reflected in a key breakthrough in understanding a series of major issues that have long puzzled people’s minds, such as how to treat "war and peace", "theme of the times" and "alliance". Specifically:

First, about war and peace. Based on his profound insight into the international situation in this period, Deng Xiaoping believed that: under the background of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the only ones who wanted to wage or were able to wage war; Other international forces besides the United States and the Soviet Union, including Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, China and the vast Third World, are opposed to war, which makes "the forces of peace and the forces that restrict war have made gratifying progress" and makes the United States and the Soviet Union "dare not wage war easily". [10](p.1085) On this basis, around 1984, the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party gradually changed the traditional understanding that "war is imminent" and "world war is inevitable", and then reached a new major judgment. Namely: "It is possible not to have a large-scale world war for a long time, and there is hope for maintaining world peace." [1](p.127)

Second, about the theme of the times. After the judgment of war and peace became clearer, Deng Xiaoping’s strategic judgment on the theme of the times began to mature. Through a profound analysis of the great changes at home and abroad in the same period, he believes that "peace issues" and "development issues" have increasingly become "two prominent issues" and "the most fundamental issues" in the world today, and they have "global and strategic significance". [10](pp.979, 974, 1010) During 1984 and 1985, his thought was continuously developed and perfected, and finally he put forward that "peace and development" are the two major problems in the contemporary world. He said: "The real big problems in the world now have global strategic problems, one is peace, and the other is economic or development." [1](p.105)

Third, about "alliance." Since the founding of New China, under the special background of the Cold War, based on the comprehensive consideration of social system, ideology, national security and strategic interests, China has successively pursued strategic policies such as "one-sided" and "one-line". In the anarchic international politics, for China, a relatively small country, this strategic policy of "alliance" or "quasi-alliance" is undoubtedly an act with relatively low cost and controllable risk. However, after entering the new era, with the shift of the focus of the work of the party and the state, the vigorous rise of domestic economic construction, and the development and evolution of international politics, especially the "strategic triangle" between China, the United States and the Soviet Union, the disadvantages of pursuing "alliance" or "quasi-alliance" in foreign policy began to stand out. Deng Xiaoping knew this very well. In this regard, he once hit the nail on the head and pointed out: "We are willing to be friendly with whoever wants to be friendly with us, but we will never get involved in any group or form an alliance with them." [10](p.1068) "China’s foreign policy is independent and truly non-aligned." [1](p.57)

In short, under the historical background of the rapid development of the domestic and international situation in the mid-1980s, around the above-mentioned major issues, our party has successively achieved key breakthroughs in understanding. Undoubtedly, these key breakthroughs will promote the emergence of new important ideas.

Third, the creation of a new diplomatic situation: the proposal and great significance of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

After this series of breakthroughs in understanding, as a theoretical summary of how the CPC treats the international situation and foreign policy in the new period, the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" is coming to the fore. Its time node was finally fixed in 1985.

(A) 1985: The diplomatic thought of "two transformations" was finally put forward.

As mentioned above, Deng Xiaoping finally put forward the important thought of "two transformations" at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 4, 1985.

In his speech, Deng Xiaoping systematically reviewed the Chinese Communist Party’s understanding of the international situation and foreign policy formulation, and concluded: "Based on these analyses of the world trend and the analysis of our surrounding environment, we have changed our original view that the danger of war is imminent." [1](p.127) "We don’t play other people’s cards in China, and we don’t allow anyone to play China cards. We mean what we say." [1](p.128) In addition, he fully affirmed the great significance of the "two transformations". He stressed that these "two major changes" are correct, "enhancing China’s position in the international arena and enhancing China’s right to speak on international issues", and are also beneficial to "our opening-up policy", "accelerating our development" and "using the international peaceful environment to absorb more useful things for us". Accordingly, he confidently put forward: "As long as we adhere to such judgments and policies, we can boldly and wholeheartedly carry out our four modernizations." [1](p.128)

(B) the "two changes" diplomatic thought of contemporary China’s far-reaching impact.

As an important thought of the Chinese Communist Party in foreign policy and national strategy in the new period, the proposal of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" has had a far-reaching impact on contemporary China.

First, under the guidance of this idea, the China government made a major decision to disarm one million people. The second generation of central collective leadership of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping as the core, marked by the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", strengthened the important judgment that the world war could not be fought for a long time. It is on the basis of this idea that the China government made a major decision to disarm one million people. Since then, the practice has also proved that "one million disarmament" is not only an important strategic decision for China’s army building in the new era, but also won a wide range of good responses for China in the international arena. [11](pp.251-252)

Secondly, under the guidance of this thought, the China administration has completed the adjustment of its foreign policy in the new period and created a new situation in China’s diplomatic work in the new period. Under the guidance of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress held in 1986 comprehensively expounded China’s independent foreign policy of peace in the new period from ten aspects. This shows that China has basically completed the adjustment of its foreign policy in the new period. Since then, in accordance with the above foreign policy, the China government has resolutely adjusted its strategy of "one line" and "one large area", constantly improved and developed its relations with major countries, and established and developed diplomatic relations with all countries in the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China’s international status and reputation have become higher and higher, and more and more friends have been made, thus creating a new situation in China’s diplomacy in the new era. [12]

Third, under the guidance of this thought, the concept of the strategic opportunity period of the CPC has been nurtured and developed and matured. Following the development logic of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", by the end of 1980s, Deng Xiaoping finally formed an important judgment that the Chinese nation had met "a rare opportunity for development". In his view, there are two basic points of this judgment. Namely: the Chinese nation has encountered a once-in-a-century development opportunity; Chinese should cheer up and seize this opportunity to develop China. Since then, the "strategic opportunity period" has become an important basis for the CCP to analyze, judge and make decisions on the world trend; All previous congresses of the Communist Party of China have also deepened their understanding and grasp of this concept in accordance with the constantly developing and changing international situation. For example, while emphasizing that "China’s development is still in an important period of strategic opportunities that can make great achievements", the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further put forward that "we should accurately judge the changes in the connotation and conditions of the important period of strategic opportunities". [13] Practice has proved that the concept of strategic opportunity period conceived under the guidance of the thought of "two transformations" and its continuous development and maturity not only mean that the CPC has a more sober historical consciousness of China’s current historical position and historical opportunities, but also have a great impetus to the modernization and reform and opening up of contemporary China.

(C) the "two changes" in the diplomatic thinking of enlightenment

To sum up, after entering the new era, under the background of profound changes at home and abroad, the second generation of central leading collective of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping at the core, relying on rich political experience and keen insight, on the basis of inheriting the international strategies of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, closely focused on how to understand the relationship between China and the world, and how to understand the international situation and formulate what kind of foreign policies, sized up the situation and drew up the overall situation. It not only accurately grasped the trend of the times and the general trend of the world behind the great changes at home and abroad, but also formed a series of important strategic judgments that profoundly influenced contemporary China. Undoubtedly, this historical process fully explains the strategic wisdom and decision-making ability of the second generation of the CPC Central Leading Group with Deng Xiaoping at the core, which is also an important inspiration for us to sort out this period of history. In this regard, the supreme leader once spoke highly of it. He said: How did the reform and opening up come about? It is crucial that our party correctly judges the general trend of the world. As a result of making a correct judgment on the general trend of the world, our party has established the understanding that peace and development are the themes of the times, and only with the transfer of the work center of the party and the state can a new era of reform and opening up be opened.

[References]

[1] Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Volume 3) [M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1993.

[2] Zhou Enlai. Report at the Tenth National Congress in communist party, China [N]. People’s Daily, 1973-09-01.

[3] Hua Guofeng. Political report at the 11th National Congress in the Communist Party of China (CPC) [N]. People’s Daily, 1977-08-23.

[4] Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Volume 2) [M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1994.

[5] Memoirs of Gu Mu [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2009.

[6] History of International Relations (1980-1989) (Volume XI) [M]. Beijing: World Knowledge Press, 2004.

Deng Xiaoping Chronicle (1975-1997) (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2004.

[8] Deng Xiaoping’s diplomatic thought study outline [M]. Beijing: World Knowledge Publishing House, 2000.

[9] Selected Important Documents in the Thirty Years of Reform and Opening-up (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2008.

[10] Deng Xiaoping Chronicle (1975-1997) (below) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2004.

[11] Recalling Deng Xiaoping (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 1998.

[12] Liu Huaqiu. On Deng Xiaoping’s International Strategic Thought [J]. Party Literature, 2007, (2).

[13] Hu Jintao. Striving unswervingly along the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics to build a well-off society in an all-round way-report in The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [N]. People’s Daily, November 18, 2012.

(The author is an associate researcher in the third editing and research department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Literature Research Office)

Source: Deng Xiaoping Theory Studies in Mao Zedong, No.5, 2015.

Special feature of 1905 film network"After 154 years, Hong Kong has returned to China, and we don’t want to and can’t wait another second."

How many Chinese people’s voices are expressed by this powerful line in "Return to China".

In the past 25 years, the Xiangjiang River has been surging, and we have witnessed the vicissitudes of Hong Kong’s development.

Hong Kong movies, as the most splendid halo of the Pearl of the Orient, are also full of new vitality in continuous cooperation, exchange and innovation.

The pearl is new in color, and the light and shadow testify. Let’s review the light and shadow moments of the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland with 25 films.

In 1997

97 families have happy events

97 Families Have Happy Events is a "companion piece" in 1992, which continues to tell the hilarious story of a family of three brothers.

And the return of the starring role, and the new joining of,, won more than 40 million box office in the Lunar New Year file.

Many bridges combine current events with laughter, which is meaningful. A couple who worship foreign things and flatter foreign countries have been sharply replied by the whole family.

The line played by Jacklyn Wu as Xiaoqian is quite Japanese: I’m ashamed of you, China people don’t do it, so be a fake foreign devil!

In 1998

Who am I

This transnational production, which was jointly created by and, is one of the representative works of Jackie Chan’s action movies.

The film is mainly shot in Africa, full of exotic customs, and many action scenes, such as gecko climbing, high-rise rooftop fighting and glass curtain wall downhill, have become difficult to copy.

In 1999,

King of comedy.

In 1999, he made his debut in the Lunar New Year’s Eve, and it was no surprise that he won the box office championship that year.

A lot of inspiration in the film comes from Stephen Chow’s real experience, which is also his transformation from an actor to a director.

"I’m an actor" and "I’ll support you" are only jokes when I was a child, and I know the bitterness and meaning behind them.

In 2000

we are young 2

At the turn of the century when Vientiane is updated, I just choose to fall into nostalgia.

It seems to be writing about Hong Kong in the 1960s, but what it contains is the dream of "old Shanghai" in the 1930s.

"If I have more tickets, will you follow me?"

It is about the best years and the worst love.

In 2001

Shaolin soccer.

Another Zhou comedy, another record-breaking annual box office champion.

This is also the last film of Stephen Chow and Cooperation.

"If you don’t have a dream, what’s the difference with salted fish?"

In and out of the play, "shaolin soccer" injected a shot in the arm into the Hong Kong film market, which was in a trough at that time.

In 2002

Infernal affairs

Hong Kong films’ rescue work, the insurmountable peak of Hong Kong films, has far-reaching influence at home and abroad …

It seems that how to describe the status can not be exaggerated.

"I had no choice before, but now I want to be a good person."

There are bandits among the police, there are policemen among the bandits, there is no distinction between good and evil, and good and evil are intertwined. The significance of Infernal Affairs is not only at the box office, but also to re-energize the routine Hong Kong-made police film.

In 2003

《PTU》

"In this dress, you are your brother."

The conflict between police and bandits, emotion and reason broke out overnight with a gun.

Darkness, coldness, and violence all make the style with great galactic image branded.

In 2004

New never to lose

In 2003, the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) was signed, and the relationship between Hong Kong filmmakers and the mainland market became closer.

The cooperation between Chen Musheng and Jackie Chan is also a representative work of co-production, and the box office in the Mainland has exceeded 40 million yuan.

Jackie Chan, who is serious, is still desperate, jumping between buses and jumping off the convention center, contributing many amazing action scenes.

"Stop it, Joe!" It also achieved the most classic villain image.

In 2005

Initial d

Hong Kong box office champion in 2005, and also starred in the first film.

The best at "making cartoons" once again contributed to a popular and popular classic.

"There is only one success in this world, that is, being able to spend your life in the way you like. “

In 2006

Huo Yuanjia.

After that, he performed a Chinese film after four years, which was also the last kung fu film he certified.

Huo Yuanjia’s duel with world masters is not only the pinnacle of martial arts, but also conveys the spirit of Chinese martial arts:

"Violence is not the solution to the problem"

In 2007

Warlords

"The warlords, brotherhood; Life and death depend on each other, and good and bad luck save each other; Happiness and misfortune depend on each other, and adversity helps each other. "

It is a self-breakthrough work by the ever-changing director, which boldly subverts the routine of costume martial arts films, and is regarded as the peak of Jet Li’s acting by many people.

The film has captured three superstars, Jet Li, and Japan, with an investment of 300 million yuan, but the box office is not satisfactory.

However, the generous award recognition in the coming year will make this classic not be buried.

the year of 2008

IP Man

There is an "Iron Man" in Hollywood and an "IP Man" in China.

From the birth in 2008 to the end of the legend in 2019, the decade with IP Man was a decade of mutual achievement, which also created the final glory of kung fu films.

"Although martial arts is an armed force, our China martial arts contains Confucian philosophy, martial arts, that is, benevolence, pushing others."

In 2009

Bodyguards and assassins.

"The fire of revolution is about to start a prairie fire, and a brand-new world is coming soon!"

Chen Kexin, the producer, and the director blended dozens of stars to weave a moving portrait of a small person who died for his country.

It has written a revolutionary history belonging to Hong Kong, and also opened a precedent for Hong Kong filmmakers to create the main theme.

2010 years

Time thief

Hong Kong’s past is not only the Kowloon walled city, the gangsters, but also the joys and sorrows of ordinary people.

Based on the director’s own experience, it shows the optimism and tenacity of ordinary families in Hong Kong in the face of difficulties.

Time is a real "thief", and life is always "one step harder, one step better; Difficult step, better step. "

In 2011

Flying swords of dragon gate.

As a sequel, it is a self-innovation.

The "Xu Laoguai" who is obsessed with technology once again achieved a breakthrough in 3D, and wrote a new chapter in martial arts films with the grandeur and desolation of the desert, the agility and elegance of martial arts, and the arrogance of chivalrous people.

"It’s better to forget each other than to be in the Jianghu."

In 2012

Chill

"After Infernal Affairs, the best Hong Kong gangster film" was once commented by many people.

Infernal Affairs pays attention to the humanistic core, while Cold War advocates the rational spirit.

The Hong Kong police and all parties within the judicial system wrestled with each other and used their wits to make the Hong Kong-made gangster film have a new flavor.

In 2013

The Grandmaster

Wong Kar-wai worked hard for ten years to produce this film, and also set a record for the Hong Kong Film Awards with 12 awards.

The film seems to be a battle between the martial arts, but in fact it is still about the frustration of time and the nostalgia and nostalgia for the past era.

"All encounters in the world are reunions after a long separation."

In 2014

Golden age

"The places I’m going to are all hometowns I’ve never met before."

This is a picture scroll of literati in the Republic of China, and it is also a film of prose poetry.

Persistence in creation makes the world see another color of Hong Kong movies besides business.

In 2015

Monster hunt.

It won the first box office in the film history of that year with 2.43 billion yuan, and also became the biggest dark horse of the year.

The success of the film can not be separated from the ingenious integration of fantasy theme and Hollywood family fun mode, but also from the director’s years of precipitation and continuous exploration of domestic CG technology.

the year of 2016

the mermaid

3.39 billion! The box office record of Chinese movies continues to be refreshed by Hong Kong filmmakers.

Although word of mouth is mixed, Stephen Chow still left countless lines and famous scenes, and this mermaid fairy tale also conveyed his concern about environmental issues.

"If your life is only the last minute, if there is not even a drop of clean water and a breath of clean air on the earth, what do you want to do most?"

the year 2017

Chasing the dragon

The story of Lame Hao and Mayor has a new flavor.

"Life and death are life, wealth is in the sky." The game between Donnie Yen and Andy Lau is brotherly friendship, and it is also the ups and downs of the times.

It is the feelings of Jing Wong, but also the feelings of the audience.

the year of 2018

"unparalleled"

"One million people in this world have only one protagonist."

"People who only see black and white are always losers."

There are suspense and reversal of brain burning, shocking movements and big scenes, and there is no shortage of complex descriptions of human nature.

It can be called a real revival of Hong Kong films.

2019

Anti-drug 2

1.312 billion box office, the market once again witnessed the strength of Hong Kong films.

Familiar with the types of police and bandit action movies, Andy Lau and his opponent are also perfect.

"Is it too pedantic to talk about human rights with drug dealers?"

the year of 2020

Shock Wave 2

From bombs to nuclear bombs, from Tsing Ma Bridge to Chek Lap Kok Airport. …

Qiu Litao carried out the explosion to the end, and it also upgraded from special effects to actions.

"You all say that I am sick, but the world is sick."

Thanks to Pan Chengfeng’s obsession, struggle and redemption, Andy Lau also achieved a "hundred-foot-long" self-breakthrough.

In 2021

Anger and serious crime

"The police will never tolerate anyone who is lawless and openly attacks the rule of law."

Director Chen Musheng’s posthumous work is a magnificent summary of himself and Hong Kong-style gangster films.

Donnie Yen and one righteousness and one evil, boxing to the flesh, all make the gangster film return to the most classic male narration and hardcore action.

In 2022

Just over half of 2022, the film in Hong Kong was not absent. …

Against the wind, it won 149 million box office, once again showing the strength and tenacity of Hong Kong films.

Next, there are more masterpieces waiting to meet the audience.

"Life is inevitably rugged, and it is difficult to be carefree. We are in the same boat and help each other under the Lion Mountain."

This enterprising spirit of Lion Rock in the same boat is also the characteristic of Hong Kong filmmakers.

Let Hong Kong movies go through the ups and downs, and still live on!

Legend to be continued …

Hong Kong movies will never fade!

The gearbox of a car, like the engine, is an oversized part of the car, and the cost can account for 15-30% of the whole car price. Generally, there will be no fault in the gearbox, but a fault is a big trouble. Today, we selected ten common faults of automobile gearbox and analyzed them one by one to share with you.

Common fault 1: oil leakage

Fault analysis:There is oil oozing from the gearbox housing or oil pan, one reason is that the seal is aging and the seal is poor; Another reason is that the shell has trachoma caused by poor manufacturing process.

Common faults 2: delayed entry, impact and engine flameout.

Fault analysis:The normal standard for entering the gear is to feel entering the gear within 1-1.2 seconds. When the brake pedal is released, the vehicle will slowly start without stepping on the accelerator pedal and gradually extract the speed of 10-20km/h..

If it is more than 2 seconds after entering the file, locate the delay of entering the file. This situation needs immediate repair.

If there is a strong impact feeling when entering the gear, the impact will be positioned.It should be noted that any automatic gearbox has a certain degree of impact when it enters the gear.If there is no feeling at all, it means that there is an internal fault. However, this shock is unacceptable, and the causes of this fault phenomenon are very complicated, including many aspects except gearbox.

The situation of dead fire when entering the gear is that the engine will die when entering the gear. This problem is more obvious when the car is cold. This problem is caused by gearbox problems and other body systems.

Common fault 3: hang in D or R, and the engine is turned off.

Fault analysis:This failure may be caused by the damage of the locking solenoid valve or the card issue of the locking control valve.

After shifting into D or R gear and releasing the brake, the vehicle does not move. Or the car can travel a short distance after the cold car starts, but it can’t travel in the hot car state. This situation is mostly caused by the damage of input shaft or reverse clutch, or the damage of D/R brake. It may also be that the automatic gearbox is seriously leaking oil and is seriously short of oil. The connecting rod or cable between the shift lever and the rocker arm of the manual valve is loose, and the manual valve is kept in neutral or parking position.

Common fault 4: the oil inlet screen is blocked; The main oil circuit is seriously leaking; Oil pump damage

Fault analysis:The impact and impact of vehicle shifting during driving is also a common fault phenomenon of automatic gearbox, which may be caused by too dirty gearbox oil, resulting in stuck valve body.

Common fault 5: the gearbox slips and the acceleration is weak; Transmission water inlet

Fault analysis:When the car is running, there is the sound of engine idling during the acceleration of the gas valve, and the speed of the car does not increase, which makes the whole car feel weak. This phenomenon is mostly caused by the burning of the clutch plate. Water enters the gearbox due to external reasons, resulting in abnormal operation of the gearbox. This may be due to oil in the water tank or water entering from the gearbox vent cap.

Common fault six: abnormal sound

Fault analysis:Abnormal sound can be divided into many situations. (1) is the abnormal sound of the bearing. Generally, the abnormal sound of the bearing is closely related to the rotational speed. The higher the rotational speed, the more screams there are.

(2) is the differential or main transmission gear abnormal sound, this kind of abnormal sound generally appears in the speed of 50-70 km is more obvious, because the meshing surface of the gear is not

Similarly, when refueling, the noise is obvious, and the noise of releasing the throttle is obviously weakened.

(3) is the abnormal sound of hydraulic system such as oil pump, which is closely related to the speed, but has nothing to do with the speed. When the speed is high, the oil pump is blocked to suck oil, which leads to screaming. It should be noted that the gearbox system works together with the bow | engine, chassis and other parts, and many sounds are mixed together, so it is not easy to identify it.

Common Fault 7: Odor in the box

Fault analysis:The gearbox works by hydraulic oil. When the oil temperature is too high, it will produce some combustion, and these peculiar smells will come out, which shows that some executive parts in the gearbox are not working properly.

Common fault 8: Automatic shift time is too long or too short.

Fault analysis:Generally, automatic gearboxes have a specific shift speed and speed. If it is found that the shift time is suddenly too long or too short, it means that the transmission ratio of the gearbox is out of proportion, and at the same time, it will feel that the engine speed is too high. What’s more, the gearbox does not shift gears, which indicates that there is something wrong with the gearbox.

Common fault 9: high engine speed while driving

Fault analysis:This problem is divided into two situations: high speed during steady driving and high speed during speed increase.

The high rotating speed during the steady process is caused by the failure of the high gear of the gearbox or the failure of the internal locking clutch of the button changer, so the gearbox needs to be repaired immediately.

The excessive speed in the speed-up process is controlled by the fuzzy logic of the electronic control system of the gearbox, so this standard needs a certain professional level to be completed.

Common fault 10: Engine idling

Fault analysis:Engine idling generally occurs in two situations.

First, when the vehicle is in a steady state, the bow and engine suddenly idling, and then it returns to normal when the speed slows down.

This situation generally shows that the gearbox suddenly drops from high gear to low gear in a short time, and the problem may be in the control system or cooling system, but there is nothing wrong with the gearbox itself.

Second, there is a short-term slip and idling phenomenon during acceleration or gear shifting.

The intuitive feeling is that the second one is not as powerful as the first one. In fact, it is just the opposite. Most of the problems of the second one lie in the clutch and other related links in the gearbox. It takes a lot more time and cost to deal with the complete disintegration and overhaul of the gearbox.

Have you learned everything?

About automobile knowledge and daily maintenance, repair, welcome private letter exchange.

Dependence on resource export makes African economy vulnerable to the international political and economic situation and hinders African economy from achieving sustainable development. African countries need to diversify their exports, reduce their dependence on commodity exports and improve their economies’ ability to resist the global crisis. As a "promising continent", Africa can tap the growth potential of knowledge-intensive service industries, give play to the key role of small and medium-sized enterprises, release the kinetic energy of intra-African trade, promote economic and export diversification, and strive to climb to the middle and high end of the global value chain.

African countries are rich in natural resources, and the export of resources has created a lot of financial and foreign exchange income for African countries. However, the continuous fluctuation of commodity prices in recent years has also brought a big impact on African countries’ economies. As the Report on Economic Development in Africa 2022 released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) recently said, African countries need to diversify their exports, reduce their dependence on commodity exports, and improve their economies’ ability to resist the global crisis.

According to UNCTAD’s standards, when more than 60% of a country’s total commodity exports are commodities, the country is considered as a commodity export-dependent country. Data show that 45 out of 54 African countries depend on the export of primary products of agriculture, mining and extractive industries. Dependence on resource export makes African economy vulnerable to the international political and economic situation and hinders African economy from achieving sustainable development.

Take Nigeria, once the largest oil producer in Africa, as an example. Although Nigeria has been striving to promote economic diversification, crude oil export is still the core driving force for Nigeria’s economic growth, and its macroeconomic situation is obviously affected by international oil prices. However, Nigeria has always been a net importer of refined oil due to the lack of adequate refining facilities in the country. For this reason, when the international oil price rises, Nigeria can’t "lie down and win", but it will cause oil shortage and trigger a series of negative economic impacts. This is the disadvantage of relying on the export of primary products and ignoring the construction of industrial capacity.

Climate change also affects the income of resource-based countries in Africa. In response to global warming, the international community is accelerating the process of decarbonization, making great efforts to invest in clean energy and greatly reducing investment in the oil and gas industry. Many fossil fuels in Africa may sleep underground forever. Although South Africa, Zimbabwe and other countries have a lot of coal resources, due to the net zero carbon emission target, inconvenient freight transportation and abnormal weather in ports, the coal export volume has declined this year compared with previous years.

It can be seen that getting rid of dependence on commodity exports at an early date is crucial to the sustainable economic development of African countries. As a "promising continent", Africa can make efforts in the following aspects to promote economic and export diversification and strive to climb to the middle and high end of the global value chain.

The first is to tap the growth potential of knowledge-intensive service industries. According to UNCTAD data, from 2005 to 2019, the level of service trade in Africa was low, and service exports only accounted for 17% of the total exports of the African continent. Moreover, Africa’s service exports are mainly low value-added transactions, of which tourism and transportation account for about two-thirds of service exports, while knowledge-intensive services such as information technology and financial services only account for 20% of Africa’s service exports, and there is still huge room for growth.

African countries can increase investment in knowledge and technology, cultivate more local talents, and promote the transformation and upgrading of their economies and export structures. At present, some international enterprises take advantage of the close time difference between Africa and Europe and the high English level of African people, and outsource their accounting and telephone services to African countries, which is the best embodiment of Africa’s service export potential. What’s more, if the broad masses of people in Africa can receive more skills education, besides serving international enterprises, they also have the ability to make higher-end goods for Africa, change the current situation of Africa’s export of primary commodities and services, and reduce environmental degradation caused by the exploitation of natural resources.

The second is to play the key role of small and medium-sized enterprises. According to the International Finance Corporation of the World Bank, there are about 50 million formal small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa, accounting for about 90% of the total number of enterprises on the African continent and employing about 60% of the labor force. But at the same time, their annual financing needs of 416 billion dollars are not met. The private sector and small and medium-sized enterprises are more flexible in their business methods and more willing to innovate, and can become engines to promote the diversification of African countries’ economies and exports.

African countries should create a better business environment and provide more innovative financial tools for the private sector and small and medium-sized enterprises, so that they can obtain affordable financial services and meet their huge and long-term financing needs. Financial technology enterprises are in the ascendant in Africa. African countries can completely improve the traditional credit channels, encourage relevant financial enterprises to support small and medium-sized enterprises through policies, bridge the huge funding gap faced by small and medium-sized enterprises, and create more innovation and investment opportunities by using financial technology.

The third is to release the kinetic energy of intra-African trade. The African Continental Free Trade Area was symbolically launched in early 2021, which became another milestone for African countries to unite and strengthen themselves and promote economic transformation. The free trade zone aims to create a single market for the 1.4 billion people on the African continent, which is of great significance to promoting the diversification of African exports. However, regional economic integration can’t be achieved overnight. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the negotiations on FTAs were once slow to advance online. At the same time, some countries were worried, and the ratification of FTAs faced some resistance. The dividends of FTAs on the African continent have not been fully released.

The vision of the African continent free trade zone is very beautiful, and activating intra-African trade will form a virtuous circle on the African continent — — The trade cost of goods and services in the region is reduced, and the increase in trade demand drives industrial development, thus creating jobs and stimulating the economy. At the same time, economic development has improved the business environment, and Africa has the opportunity to attract more investment, promote the further development of many fields such as industry, and finally realize the transformation and upgrading of economic structure and sustainable development. In the face of the differences in interests of all parties, African leaders should not forget the African proverb of "walking alone quickly and traveling far". They should uphold the spirit of pan-Africanism, coordinate various domestic interest groups, make political decisions as soon as possible, promote the implementation of the free trade agreement on the African continent, and gather stronger synergy for economic recovery and development in Africa after the epidemic.

CCTV News:There is a big gap in the employment of testing reagent manufacturers, especially in packaging. In addition, the Spring Festival holiday is approaching, and the demand for employment is even more scarce. For this reason, manufacturers have issued Spring Festival "big gift packages" to attract employees to stay in their posts and continue to look at them.

In order to keep employees on the spot for the New Year, a COVID-19 testing reagent manufacturer in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province issued a cash-filled red envelopes to the employees who stayed in the post for the New Year. In the first three quarters of this year, the sales of testing reagents in COVID-19 reached 7.4 billion yuan, and at present, the orders of enterprises continue to increase. Put away the red envelopes, and the workers in the workshop are full of energy and full of horsepower to make orders. Li Xiuhua is a quality inspector of reagent finished products. She has chosen to stay in the company for the New Year for two consecutive years. This year, half of the employees in the company responded to the call to celebrate the New Year on the spot like her.

It is understood that migrant workers account for more than half of the production enterprises of these Covid-19 detection reagents in Zhejiang. In order to ensure that the Covid-19 test reagents can meet the needs of customers all over the world during the Spring Festival, many enterprises do not have a holiday during the Spring Festival, and they are trying to improve their treatment as much as possible and strive for employees to stay in their posts.

In view of the problem of labor shortage, in addition to enterprises offering real money to retain employees, local government departments have also introduced employment security measures for enterprises one after another. For example, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province plans to put in 120 million yuan of "New Shaoxing People" coupons to promote enterprises to stay in their jobs and promote employees to stay in Shaoxing for employment.

Zhang Weiguo, Deputy Director of Employment Promotion and Unemployment Insurance Department of Shaoxing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province:On the one hand, it is to issue a proposal to stay in Shaoxing for the New Year, to encourage employees to stay in their posts for employment, to guide enterprises to take scientific off-peak vacations, and to return to work in an orderly manner; On the other hand, we have formulated incentive measures, such as red envelopes for staying in posts, car rental subsidies, transportation subsidies, and recruitment incentives.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 4th, New Media Special Topic: IKEA’s faulty furniture has not been recalled in China. Is it a double standard or is it different between China and foreign countries?

　　Xinhua News Agency "China Net" reporter Wang Yang Zhou Rui Mao Weihao

　　Recently, IKEA Group was caught in a "recall door" due to furniture safety risks. First, at the end of June, local time, it announced the recall of the "Desperate chest of drawers" malm chest of drawers in North America, but made it clear that it would not recall the same products in China. Then it announced the full recall of all models of Patru security doors, involving products sold in China, which needed to be removed from the shelves, returned and refunded.

　　It is also a recall. Why does IKEA have different standards for different products? The "recall door" quickly became a hot spot for netizens. Some netizens questioned IKEA’s avoidance of responsibility: "Why treat it differently? Who is responsible for the safety problems of these cabinets that are still on sale? " Some netizens said: "Can the standards for protecting consumers be different between China and foreign countries?" What principles does IKEA furniture recall follow? Are there double standards or differences between China and foreign countries in recalls? The reporter launched an investigation into this.

　　Why didn’t the "Desperate chest of drawers" be recalled? IKEA: Different standards

　　The reporter learned that the so-called "Desperate chest of drawers" recalled by IKEA this time included 35.6 million chest of drawers including the best-selling malm series. According to the official website of the Consumer Product Safety Commission of the United States, since 1989, six children have been killed and 36 children have been injured by these problems. The cause of the accident is that the furniture is not fixed on the wall and overturned, causing tragedy.

　　This kind of chest of drawers is also sold in China, but the current recall scope of IKEA is limited to North America, and IKEA China has made it clear that it will not recall the chest of drawers sold in China.

　　In response to a reporter, IKEA China Headquarters in Shanghai said that the recall in the North American market was based on a voluntary ASTM standard (American Society for Testing Materials), and the company reached a unanimous decision after consulting with the Consumer Product Safety Commission of the United States. At present, in the China market, IKEA has not received any cases of injury accidents caused by this series of drawers, and the related products of IKEA meet Chinese national standards. Ikea officials explained that the accidents in the United States were all because the cabinets were not fixed on the wall.

　　The reporter went to the IKEA store in Beijing Siyuanqiao Shopping Mall, and the malm chest of drawers was still on sale. A salesperson told reporters that there are many models of drawers in malm. "The sales of six drawers have been very good." It is understood that the height of chest of drawers in malm is usually more than 60 cm, and the style is simple and practical. Some families will put the chest in children’s rooms as lockers.

　　For the situation that children climbing on the net are easy to be overwhelmed, the reporter did an experiment in the shopping mall. When the bottom drawer was completely opened, he pressed hard to replace the weight of the children. Because the cabinet was not fixed on the wall, the chest of drawers shook.

　　According to experts in the furniture industry, IKEA’s one-stop sales model gives consumers all the initiative in purchasing and installing, while most consumers pay more attention to product quality, style and practicality when purchasing, and few people pay attention to whether such furniture will bring risks to children’s safety.

　　Are there differences between Chinese and American home safety standards? Furniture is the key.

　　With regard to the China furniture standard raised in IKEA’s "recall door", the reporter found that the China standard that IKEA claimed to abide by was the new national standard GB/T 10357.4-2013 on "cabinet stability" published by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Standardization Administration of China on October 10th, 2013, which was officially implemented on May 1st, 2014. Compared with the 1989 standard, the item of "stability of fixed cabinets" has been added, but this item does not stipulate that furniture must be fixed on the wall.

　　In fact, in August 2012, China has officially implemented the compulsory national standard "General Technical Conditions for Children’s Furniture". The standard clearly stipulates that all high tables and cabinets with a height greater than 600 mm should provide connectors to fix the products on the building. The standard also requires that children’s furniture should clearly indicate the applicable age of the product in the instructions for use, and warn of potential risks during installation and use.

　　In the standard safety rules of clothing storage unit numbered ASTM F 2057-14 in the United States, the requirements of opening angle, drawer pull-out length, applied weight, etc. of chest of drawers during stability test are specified in detail, and pictures are provided. In addition, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) said, "The Consumer Council and IKEA Group urge consumers to ensure that furniture should be properly fixed on the wall, regardless of whether the furniture meets ASTM standards."

　　In real life, many parents often buy ordinary wooden furniture because of the beautiful decoration of the whole family and sufficient storage space. In the consideration of the safety of these furniture, the "unstable factor" of children is often ignored, and the "chest of drawers" that have caused tragedies in the United States are not children’s furniture.

　　Some consumers believe that only by unifying, refining and implementing furniture safety standards can children avoid accidents when using them.

　　Activists: IKEA infringes on the fair trade rights of consumers in China.

　　Defenders such as Wang Hai, the "first person to crack down on counterfeit goods in China", think that IKEA has other ways to kill the inside and outside of the chest of drawers, which obviously infringes on the fair trade rights of consumers in China, and suggest that consumers bring a lawsuit in court. Ikea dares to do this, mainly because the operator’s responsibility stipulated by Chinese law is too light.

　　Although the official of IKEA said that it had not received any cases of injury accidents caused by related drawers in China market, the reporter found that some consumers reported the safety problems of IKEA drawers only through online search. A netizen in Shenzhen, Guangdong introduced his recent experience: "The baby first opened the bottom drawer, and then opened the drawers one by one. When the top drawer was opened, the cabinet suddenly leaned forward, some drawers fell out, and the cabinet finally fell on the drawer. The baby stood on the side when pulling the top drawer, so he didn’t press it. "

　　Some consumers with similar experiences told reporters that after being reminded by the media, they did find that the furniture instructions required to nail cabinets to the wall and provide corresponding accessories. Although parents also have responsibilities, they just don’t quite understand what responsibilities they should bear as a production enterprise.

　　On June 30th, the Consumer Council of Shenzhen publicly questioned why IKEA did not recall similar products in China. Shanghai Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and Shanghai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau also interviewed IKEA (China) Investment Co., Ltd. at the first time, asking IKEA to earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of enterprise quality and safety, carefully investigate the hidden dangers of product safety, and ensure the personal and property safety of consumers. The quality inspection department will further verify the relevant situation, urge IKEA to strictly abide by China laws and regulations and relevant standards, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers in China.

　　The Consumer Council of Shenzhen believes that the right to life and health is the most basic human right, and it should be equally and indiscriminately protected in any country and any region. If similar products recalled in North China are publicly sold in the market, IKEA Group must recall them unconditionally. The relevant laws in China have made strict provisions on protecting citizens’ right to life and health and recalling defective products. When IKEA Group engages in business activities in China market, it must abide by the provisions of China laws and regulations, and effectively protect the right to life and health of China consumers from infringement.

　　(Participating in writing: Xu Xiangda)

Stills of Chloe Bennet’s "Aegis Secret Service"

1905 movie network news Recently, some netizens found that Chloe Bennet’s MV "Tonight" starring in the popular group BIGBANG accidentally bumped into Dilraba, and many netizens said that "both of them have exquisite facial features and are indeed somewhat similar".

Chloe Bennet and Dilraba were both born in 1992. One is of mixed blood between China and the United States, and the other is of Uygur nationality. The same exotic customs make them have certain similarities in appearance.Chloe Bennet is a typical actress of European and American models, while Dilraba is a small flower of the new generation in China. In essence, their routes and development directions are different.

Comparison between Chloe Bennet and Dilraba

Chloe Bennet, a post-90s Chinese actress, won high popularity and attention for her role as the heroine "Shockwave Girl" Skye. Recently, some netizens launched the "Seven Goddess of Marvel Comics of the Year" selection campaign, and Skye, the "Shockwave Woman" played by Chloe Bennet, was on the list. Some netizens commented: "This super-powerful heroine that was missed has finally been discovered, and her strength really does not lose the black widow!" .

In the play, Chloe Bennet’s "Shobo Girl" is Nick Frey’s right-hand man. At the age of 18, she has the tenth security clearance of SHIELD. She is the only agent with this clearance except Frey and the Black Widow, and she is also the youngest agent in the history of SHIELD. Although in Marvel comics, Shobo Girl is a member of the reunion, but in the drama, Shobo Girl played by Chloe Bennet has become a substitute for the reunion.

Chloe Bennet’s Stills of S.H.I.E.L.D. Agents

After six auditions, Chloe Bennet finally got the chance to play in the sci-fi action drama "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.", in which she played the beautiful female agent "Shobo Girl", who was very lovable because of her independent and confident personality and super skills, and was nominated as "the best TV actress in the world" by virtue of this role in the 15th Huading Award.

In addition to her superpowers, "Shobo Girl" is proficient in fighting and sniper, and is good at performing undercover tasks. In order to play the role of "Shock Girl", fitness has become an indispensable part of Chloe Bennet’s daily life.

With the discussion of Chloe Bennet bumping into Dilraba increasing, Chloe Bennet recently took photos on social media, saying that she will come to Beijing in the future. Some netizens speculated that the Chinese actress born in the 1990s will return to China for development in the near future. Let’s wait and see!

　　CCTV News:On the morning of March 5th, the reporter saw in front of the police station on the second floor of Beijing West Railway Station, those who inquired about the waiting room, asked about the train number, couldn’t understand the ticket and looked for the toilet … … Passengers come to ask questions from time to time, and the police on duty have to be busy. It is reported that in the morning when the passenger flow is concentrated in the three major railway stations in Beijing, the Beijing Railway Police set up police workstations, police service desks and police duty rooms respectively. While doing a good job in security, they also actively solved problems for the majority of passengers. Since the beginning of March, the police at the three major stations have recovered 71 pieces of luggage for passengers, with a value of nearly 100,000 yuan.

　　Ticket Office of North Square of West Railway Station: The man lost his wallet and the lady picked it up and handed it over to the station staff.

　　At about 19: 00 on March 1, Qian Yiming, the vice captain of the Fourth Team of Beijing West Railway Station Police Station, was on duty at the west gate of the ticket office in the North Square. A passenger Zhang (male, 28 years old) rushed to ask for help, saying that he had lost his wallet and could not remember where he had lost it. Zhang said that there were cash, 150 yuan, bank card and my ID card in his wallet.

　　After understanding the situation, Qian Yiming immediately started his work. After video surveillance, it was found that Zhang lost his wallet near the ticket office in the North Square of West Railway Station, and was later picked up by a woman and handed over to the staff in the ticket office. When the clue was found, Qian Yiming immediately led Zhang to claim it. After verification, Zhang took the wallet.

　　Security check on the first floor of North Plaza: passengers take the wrong bag and the police help them find it through business cards.

　　At 21 o’clock on March 1, Chen Hanhui, a policeman at the police workstation on the second floor of Beijing West Railway Station, received a passenger Ma (male, 27 years old, from Henan Province) for help, saying that someone had taken his black backpack, and there was an unclaimed black backpack at the security checkpoint. His black backpack contained a laptop. According to Ma, after passing the security check on the first floor of North Square, I found my bag was gone. Chen Hanhui opened the unclaimed black backpack at the scene and found that it contained 500 yuan cash and several bank cards.

　　After careful rummaging, I found another business card of Zhou. Could it be that Zhou took the wrong backpack, so the police dialed his phone. After the call, Zhou (male, 29 years old, from Hebei Province) immediately checked and found that he had taken the wrong bag, so he quickly returned to the police workstation. After the inventory was correct, the two passengers each got their backpacks back and thanked Chen Hanhui again and again.

　　The tenth waiting room of West Railway Station: Passengers lost their wallets, and convenience store employees found it was handed over to the police.

　　At 20: 10 on March 1st, Wang Xiaofeng, the instructor of the Fourth Team on duty at the police station on the second floor of Beijing West Railway Station, received a red wallet from the staff of the convenience store at the entrance of the tenth waiting room, which contained cash RMB 720 yuan, two Hong Kong and Macao passes and an official card. Later, when Wang Xiaofeng saw the Hong Kong and Macao Pass, he immediately thought that the passenger should be a train to Shenzhou, so he searched in the waiting room leading to Shenzhen and Zhuhai.

　　In the process of searching, I was informed by the service command room of the police station that a passenger named Chai Ali reported that she had lost her wallet in the waiting room. After getting on the bus, she found that she immediately got off the bus and returned to the eleventh waiting room. Upon inquiry, the police found that the red wallet handed in by the staff of the convenience store was the wallet that the passenger had forgotten. Wang Xiaofeng immediately rushed to Waiting Room 11 to return the wallet to the passenger Chai Ali (female, 36 years old, from Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province). The passengers counted correctly, thanked the police and left.

　　Security check on the first floor of the North Square of West Railway Station: I lost 20,000 yuan after working for half a year.

　　At 11 o’clock on March 1, Guo Jingqi, a security inspector at Beijing West Railway Station, found an unclaimed handbag in red and white at the security checkpoint No.4 at the entrance on the first floor of the North Square of Beijing West Railway Station, and handed it over to the police in time. Upon inspection, the bag contained 19,700 yuan in cash and some clothes. As no valid information of the passengers was found, the police quickly searched for the owner through the station broadcast. About 10 minutes later, a middle-aged woman heard the radio and came anxiously, saying that she didn’t find her handbag with cash until she waited for the bus.

　　It is understood that the owner Li (51 years old, from Hebei Province) said that the cash in the bag was the salary she earned by working in Beijing for half a year. If she lost it, her hard work for half a year would be in vain. I was so embarrassed that I really wanted to cry when I found out that the bag was lost. When she got her handbag back, Ms. Li thanked the police and security inspectors again and again.

　　Security check on the first floor of North Square of West Railway Station: Two passengers left their bags in four hours.

　　At about 11 o’clock on March 2, Liu Xiaomeng, the security inspector of Beijing West Railway Station, found an unclaimed lady brown satchel in the security channel No.5 on the first floor of North Square of West Railway Station, and immediately handed it over to the police workstation on the second floor. After inspection, the police found that there was an Apple mobile phone, a charging treasure, a charger and toiletries in the bag. In order to find the owner as soon as possible, the police immediately informed the station staff to broadcast the search. Ten minutes later, a girl hurried to the police workstation to claim it. It is understood that the girl’s name is Fang, 19 years old and a native of Shandong Province. She told the police that after hearing the broadcast, she found that her satchel had been left behind, so she quickly came to the police workstation to collect it. It was confirmed that the lost lady’s bag was Fang.

　　Four hours later, at about 15: 00, Qiao Xinxin, a security inspector at Beijing West Railway Station, found another unclaimed black backpack at the security checkpoint No.4 on the second floor of North Square of West Railway Station. It was handed over to the police workstation on the second floor and checked by the police. It was found that there were 1 ipad1, 1 Lenovo laptop and 1 oppo mobile phone in the bag. Through the station broadcast, five minutes later, a lady came to the police workstation on the second floor, saying that she found her backpack missing after hearing the broadcast, so she quickly came to look for it. The owner is Zhao, 27 years old, from Shaanxi Province. She said that there were important documents of the company in the computer, and it would be in trouble if she really lost them.

　　K1613 passenger train: 2503 yuan earned by working during the Spring Festival. The police recovered it.　

　　On the evening of March 1, passenger Li received more than 2,500 yuan from the police in his mobile phone, and his heart that had been hanging was finally put down. At 12: 51 on March 1, passenger Li called the police and said that he was going to take the k1613 passenger train back to Lianyungang, but found that he had lost a bundle of more than 2,500 yuan in cash, which was his hard-earned money from giving up the holiday in Beijing and working all the time. It is understood that Li (male, 30 years old, from Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province) gave up the Spring Festival and has been working in a hotel in Beijing. Now that the hotel is not busy, he wants to visit his parents in his hometown. The salary of 2,500 yuan earned during the holiday season, he deliberately tied it into a bundle with rubber bands and put it in his trouser pocket, ready to take it home to his parents. Before entering the station, he felt that the money was still in his trouser pocket, but now he found that the money was gone. He was very depressed. After understanding the situation, the police immediately transferred the surveillance video to view. In an hour’s time, the police finally found clues after taking the trajectory of Li’s pit stop. plum

　　After entering the seventh waiting room, someone dropped something when he was reaching the pre-inspection hall, and was checked by a man behind him. Because the surveillance camera is far away, it is not very clear to see the face of the man who picked up the money, but the man who picked it up did not stop Li in time, but stayed in the same place for a little before entering the pre-inspection hall. By continuing to track down, the police found that the man who picked up the money entered the platform and boarded the k429 passenger train. Therefore, the police immediately contacted the K429 train passenger and informed him of the situation. According to the physical characteristics of the man who picked up the money provided by the police station and the approximate location of the carriage. At 16: 30, k429 passengers reported that they had found the man who had picked up the money. The man also admitted that he had picked up more than 2,500 yuan in cash in the waiting room of Beijing Railway Station and handed it over. Because it is a different train in two directions, after communication, the policeman on the bus is responsible for transferring money to Li. On the evening of March 1, after receiving more than 2,500 yuan transferred by the police, Li quickly called the police at the Beijing Railway Station. On the phone, Li repeatedly thanked the police and train passengers at the Beijing Railway Station police station.

　　D26 passenger train: Only after leaving the station did it find that nearly 10,000 mobile phones were left on the train.

　　At about 14: 00 on March 2, after the D26 passenger train from Jiamusi to Beijing departed from Jinzhou Nankai, Shi Jianshan, a policeman of Chengde Police Brigade of Beijing Railway Public Security Bureau, suddenly received a call from passenger Zhang (male, 48 years old, from Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province) for help, claiming that he had neglected to get off at Jinzhou South and forgot to take his mobile phone in the storage bag in front of his seat. His mobile phone is Huawei Porsche, worth more than 9000 yuan. After receiving the report, Shi Jianshan immediately started his work and finally found Huawei’s mobile phone in the storage bag in front of Zhang’s seat in No.8 car. According to the communication with passenger Zhang, on March 3, Shi Jianshan handed over his mobile phone to the police on the D25 train from Beijing to Jiamusi, and he handed it over to passenger Zhang after arriving at Jinzhou South Station. (Text/Wang Haijun)

There are many respiratory diseases in children in winter, among which influenza virus is one of the common pathogens. On the questions that parents and friends are concerned about, the National Children’s Medical Center Beijing Children’s Hospital answered authoritatively.

1. What are the typical symptoms of influenza?

Children infected with influenza virus can show fever, chills, headache, myalgia and general malaise, often accompanied by respiratory diseases such as cough, sore throat and runny nose. The degree of fever in young children may be heavier, and some children may also have febrile convulsions; In addition, they will have more gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and poor appetite. Very few children infected with influenza may develop into severe influenza, causing laryngitis, pneumonia, encephalopathy, myocarditis and so on.

2. How does the flu spread and how long is the incubation period?

Influenza virus can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets (such as sneezing, coughing and talking) or after polluting the surface of objects. Influenza viruses can also spread through small air particles released by influenza patients when they breathe. Influenza patients are the main source of infection. The incubation period of influenza is generally 1-7 days, and most of them are 2-4 days.

3. How long is the general course of influenza and what is the change of the course?

For children without basic diseases, the course of influenza virus infection is acute and self-limited, and most symptoms disappear in about 2-3 days after onset. Some children’s fever lasts for 5 days, and most patients recover within 1 week, but cough may last for a long time, and fatigue and fatigue of a few elderly children (over seven or eight years old) may last for several weeks.

4. How to distinguish the flu from the common cold?

The full name of the flu is called "influenza", and you may think it is similar to the common cold, but the flu and the common cold cannot be confused.

The common cold can be caused by many pathogens, among which viruses are the most common, including rhinovirus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, bocavirus, etc. Bacteria and mycoplasma can also cause the common cold. The symptoms of the common cold are mild, usually low-to-moderate fever, which lasts for 1-2 days, and may be accompanied by other catarrhal symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, stuffy nose and slight cough, while the systemic symptoms such as chills, headache and joint muscle pain are very mild. Generally, there are no serious complications.

Influenza is mainly caused by influenza A and B virus infection, with high fever, severe systemic symptoms such as chills, headache and joint muscle pain. A few influenza patients may have complications such as rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, encephalitis and encephalopathy.

In the flu season, children with flu-like symptoms, especially those with a history of contact with influenza patients, should first consider influenza virus infection, which can be diagnosed by influenza virus antigen detection or influenza virus nucleic acid detection.

5. How is the flu generally treated?

After being infected with influenza virus, the treatment measures include antiviral and symptomatic treatment.

Anti-influenza drugs: At present, the oral antiviral drugs for influenza virus are mainly neuraminidase inhibitors, commonly used drugs include oseltamivir and mabaloxavir, and intravenous drugs include paramivir. Once you have the flu, the sooner you use anti-influenza drugs, the better, especially within 48 hours of onset. However, even if the course of the disease exceeds 48 hours, once the flu is confirmed, you should actively use drugs.

Symptomatic treatment measures: mainly to reduce fever and relieve discomfort. You can choose antipyretics scientifically, and you can also use some drugs to relieve symptoms such as cough and stuffy nose. It should be noted that the pharmaceutical ingredients of some compound preparations may overlap with other therapeutic drugs, and the combined use may cause an excessive amount of one ingredient and cause adverse reactions in children.

6. Is there any specific medicine for influenza and can it be prevented by drugs?

Oseltamivir is an antiviral drug specifically for influenza virus, which can shorten the duration of clinical symptoms. However, it is not recommended that children take anti-influenza drugs as soon as they have a fever, because there are many respiratory pathogens that cause fever, and oseltamivir is only effective for influenza.

The best way to prevent influenza virus is to actively vaccinate. If there is no contraindication, people over 6 months are advised to actively vaccinate against influenza. For children with high risk of severe influenza or influenza complications, who are contraindicated by influenza vaccine or have not been vaccinated (or within 2 weeks after vaccination), drug prevention should be considered. Drug prevention can reduce but not eliminate the risk of influenza, and the susceptibility to influenza will be restored after drug withdrawal. Therefore, routine drug prevention for children is not recommended.

7. Are azithromycin and other antibacterial drugs useful for influenza?

Antibacterials, including azithromycin, are ineffective against viral infection. However, if there is a mixed infection of influenza virus and bacteria or mycoplasma, doctors will also consider the use of anti-influenza drugs combined with antibacterial drugs.

8. Fever is one of the typical symptoms of children. What misunderstandings should be avoided in home care?

The main purpose of taking antipyretics for children is not to reduce the body temperature to normal, but to increase the comfort of children and let them spend the fever period comfortably and safely.

First of all, you can’t take two antipyretics at the same time, which will increase the burden on your child’s liver and kidney and cause adverse reactions; It is also not recommended to use the two antipyretics alternately, because it can not increase the antipyretic effect, but may mistake the time and even lead to overdose.

Secondly, when parents choose antipyretics for their children, they should not only choose drugs suitable for their age, but also read the instructions carefully, and give them to their children in strict accordance with the instructions, paying attention to the dosage and time interval. Remember not to increase the dosage or frequency at will because the child’s body temperature has not dropped to normal.

Finally, if you give your child a compound cold preparation at the same time, you must read the drug ingredient list to avoid duplication with other drugs being used, such as antipyretics. If there is duplication, please use it with caution to avoid overdose.

In daily life, children should be kept in a regular routine to ensure adequate sleep; In terms of diet, we should pay attention to nutrition, have a balanced diet, eat more fruits and vegetables and drink more water. At the same time, avoid the family environment being too dry and ensure the humidity, which is conducive to the recovery of children. Parents should also pay attention to the fact that children should neither cover up their fever nor let them catch cold again. Parents should maintain a peaceful attitude, pay attention to their children’s fever, and don’t be overly anxious, carefully observe their children’s situation and help them recover as soon as possible.

9. I am particularly worried about my child’s febrile convulsion. What should I do if there is febrile convulsion?

If the child has a febrile convulsion, parents must keep calm and don’t panic: (1) Let the child lie on his side or tilt his head to one side, and clean up things with sharp corners around him to ensure that the child will not be hurt when the convulsion occurs. (2) When convulsions occur, don’t stuff anything into the child’s mouth, and don’t feed anything, and don’t try to stop twitching by pressing the limbs. (3) Record the duration and seizure characteristics of convulsions. If the duration of convulsions exceeds 5 minutes or the status quo of convulsions has occurred in the past, call an ambulance. In most cases, febrile convulsions will stop within 5 minutes.

10. What happens that requires timely medical treatment?

Most children with influenza are mild patients, so they can take care of them at home. However, if the following situations occur, they should seek medical attention in time: children who have been diagnosed with influenza have high fever or fever for more than three days, poor mental health or even consciousness disorder, shortness of breath/dyspnea, chest pain, blue skin on the lips, frequent vomiting or diarrhea, convulsions, refusal to eat, scanty urine or urine turning red, and obvious muscle pain; Or if the symptoms are repeated, such as fever again after the flu symptoms are relieved, you need to seek medical advice in time to avoid aggravation and even danger.

11. Which children are at high risk of severe influenza?

High-risk children with severe influenza include: children under 5 years old, especially children under 2 years old; There are basic diseases, such as asthma, tumor, kidney disease, immunodeficiency, taking immunosuppressive drugs, etc.; Obese children are also high-risk groups. When high-risk people have fever during the influenza epidemic season, they should attach great importance to it and seek medical treatment as soon as possible. Once influenza virus infection is considered, antiviral treatment should be started as soon as possible. If there are no contraindications, people at high risk of severe influenza should be actively vaccinated before the flu season begins.

12. Will you get the flu if you are infected with mycoplasma pneumonia recently?

I will. Because the body’s resistance will decrease when it is infected, it may be easy to be infected with other pathogens. Measures to prevent cross-infection include paying attention to self-protection, trying not to take children to crowded places, especially places with poor air circulation, during the high incidence season of respiratory diseases; Pay attention to open the window regularly for ventilation indoors, and isolate it from the sick family if possible; Pay attention to hand hygiene and remind children not to touch their eyes, nose and mouth with unclean hands.

13. Will children have sequelae after the flu?

Most children will not leave sequelae after being infected with the flu. However, after the flu temperature is normal, cough and runny nose may last for a week or even longer. The treatment is mainly symptomatic, keeping the air moist and promoting airway recovery. If cough seriously affects rest, you can take some antitussive drugs under the guidance of a doctor. Some children may have chronic cough due to airway hyperresponsiveness, especially those with eczema and wheezing history, and can be given medication under the guidance of a doctor.

14. How to prevent the spread of influenza in schools and families?

Schools should organize and mobilize students and faculty to get flu vaccine before the flu season begins; It is necessary to strengthen health education for students and their families, help and urge students to develop good hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently and maintaining environmental hygiene; The classroom should be ventilated regularly; The school monitors students’ body temperature to find sick children in time; Once students are infected with influenza virus, they should rest at home and not go to school with illness; Attach importance to students’ physical exercise and enhance their physique and disease resistance.

Children suffering from influenza should ensure adequate rest, balanced nutrition, drink plenty of water and eat easily digestible food at home; Family members should maintain good hygienic living habits, pay attention to environmental hygiene and cough etiquette. If possible, we should try our best to isolate ourselves from sick family members; If you can’t isolate, you should wear a mask for protection. In addition, the indoor window should be ventilated regularly, but we should pay attention to keep warm in winter to avoid catching cold.

Authors: Zhao Guangyuan, the attending physician of emergency medicine in Beijing Children’s Hospital.

Audit: Wang Quan, Director of Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital