On December 18th, the staff raked tomatoes in the greenhouse of vegetable base of Jiacheng Industrial Group in Xinji Town, Changli County, Hebei Province. In recent years, in the process of promoting supply-side reform in Changli County, Hebei Province, around the concept of modern "big agriculture", the new model of "leading enterprises+professional cooperatives+markets+bases+farmers" has been popularized, and the road of agricultural industrialization has been taken to help farmers increase their income. According to reports, at present, the planting area of farmers’ facilities fruits and vegetables in this county is 135,000 mu, sweet corn is 100,000 mu, potato is 120,000 mu, and fish, shrimp and shellfish and seafood are cultivated in shallow sea beaches for 770,000 mu, and the agricultural industrialization operation rate is over 70%. Reporter Yang Shizhen photo
Xinhuanet Beijing December 20 (Reporter Wang Wenpin) The expression "structural reform of agricultural supply side" first appeared at the Central Rural Work Conference at the end of 2015. The Central Economic Work Conference, which closed on December 16, once again mentioned the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and stressed that increasing the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products should be placed in a prominent position. Looking back on China’s agricultural work this year, various reforms have been steadily advanced and made a strong start.
The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture that China’s grain output in 2016 reached 1,232.5 billion Jin, making it the second high-yield year in history, with sufficient supply of cotton, oil, sugar, meat, eggs, milk and aquatic products. China’s agricultural and rural economy shows a good trend of steady progress and steady progress, showing the characteristics of "two stability and three progress", that is, agricultural production is stable and farmers’ income is stable; The adjustment of agricultural structure has been promoted in an orderly manner, the green development of agriculture has made great strides, and rural reform has progressed steadily.
Optimization of agricultural structure, adjustment by industry, highlighting quality and safety
Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Agriculture has focused on nine key points. The first one is to focus on corn, promote the adjustment of planting structure, issue the national planting structure adjustment plan and the agricultural structure adjustment opinions in the farming-pastoral ecotone in the north, reduce the corn area in non-dominant areas such as "sickle bend", and expand the pilot scope of grain-bean rotation and grain-to-feed conversion.
This year is also the first year to implement the new mechanism of "market acquisition" and "subsidy" for corn. The data show that the production of rice and wheat rations in China has remained stable, the corn with high inventory pressure has been reduced by more than 30 million mu, and the soybean area in short supply in the market has increased by more than 9 million mu.
At the same time, this year, the structural adjustment of different industries was carried out. On the one hand, the structural adjustment of animal husbandry was promoted with the focus on pigs and herbivorous animal husbandry, the layout of pig breeding in the southern water network area was optimized, and the transfer of 16 million pigs was reduced. In addition, the dairy industry revitalization conference will be held to lead the dairy industry revitalization with the top 20 dairy industries in China as the leader; Promote the adjustment of fishery structure with the focus on protecting resources and reducing production and increasing income, issue guiding opinions on the transformation of fishery structure, and adjust the structure and regional layout of aquaculture varieties.
In the optimization of agricultural structure, high quality and safety are also highlighted, the quality structure is optimized, and a series of measures are launched on the supply side of green products, which lays a solid foundation for further promoting the supply of green food.
Since the beginning of this year, China has vigorously promoted standardized production, built 800 new fruit vegetable and tea standard gardens and created 6851 demonstration farms for livestock and poultry aquaculture. Solidly carry out the activities of establishing national agricultural product quality and safety counties, and name the first batch of 107 counties (cities) to speed up the construction of the whole process supervision and traceability system. Strengthen the brand building of agricultural products, and newly certify 13,000 products with "three products and one standard" (pollution-free agricultural products, green food, organic products and geographical indications). Strengthen the prevention and control of major animal diseases, and carry out the construction of epidemic-free areas and biosafety isolation areas. There was no major regional animal epidemic in 2016. In this year, the pass rate of routine monitoring of major agricultural products reached 97.5%, an increase of 0.4 percentage points year-on-year.
Rural reform is progressing steadily, broadening the channels for farmers to increase their income.
The reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture that this year, China’s rural reform was further deepened, and the introduction of the "separation of three powers" method of rural land opened another major institutional innovation after the household contract responsibility system. The contracted management right of rural land was registered and certified over 800 million mu, and the total number of new agricultural business entities exceeded 2.7 million, accounting for more than 30% of various forms of moderate scale operation area.
At present, 33.3% of the farmland contracted by households in China has been transferred, and 66 million of the 230 million contracted households have more or less transferred their land. Implementing the separation of ownership, contracting right and management right is an institutional arrangement that adapts to the development of productive forces and the current reality. Recently, the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Improving the Separation of Rural Land Ownership, Contracting Rights and Management Rights, which is in response to the structural changes in rural agricultural development in China.
The reform of "separation of three powers" in contracted land and "three plots of land" in rural areas and the pilot reform of "two rights mortgage loan" go hand in hand, which also promotes the agricultural population to settle in cities and accelerates the process of transforming new citizens.
The agricultural sector has also made efforts to broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income. On the one hand, it promotes the development of industrial integration, issues opinions on supporting the entrepreneurial innovation of people returning to the countryside to promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries with State-run documents, formulates and issues a national plan for the integrated development of agricultural product processing industry and rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, thoroughly implements the subsidy policy for primary processing of agricultural products, carries out demonstration creation, publicity and promotion of leisure agriculture, rural tourism and important agricultural cultural heritage, and organizes and implements pilot demonstration projects for rural industrial integration.
On the other hand, we will promote poverty alleviation in rural industries, formulate guiding opinions for developing characteristic industries in poverty-stricken areas to promote accurate poverty alleviation, promote poverty-stricken counties to carry out pilot projects for overall and integrated use of financial agriculture-related funds, guide local governments to make good plans, formulate joint actions for developing characteristic agriculture in poverty-stricken areas around Beijing and Tianjin, carry out training for industrial development leaders in designated poverty-stricken areas, select a number of examples and models for accurate poverty alleviation in industries, and lead the poor people in key areas to get rid of poverty and increase their income.
The latest data show that in the first three quarters of this year, the per capita disposable income of farmers actually increased by 6.5%, which was higher than that of urban residents in general, but the growth rate has obviously slowed down compared with previous years.
Promoting Green Development of Agriculture and Improving Comprehensive Production Capacity
Under the guidance of the concept of green development, this year, the agricultural sector has also strengthened its efforts in the treatment of non-point source pollution and outstanding problems in resources and environment. In 2016, the use of pesticides continued to grow at zero, the use of chemical fertilizers was close to zero for the first time since the reform and opening up, and some places achieved negative growth.
Over the past year, China has focused on the goal of "one control, two reductions and three basics" and laid a solid battle for agricultural non-point source pollution control. While making up for the shortcomings of agricultural capital construction and improving the level of agricultural material, technology and equipment, all localities make up for the shortcomings of agricultural ecological environment, strengthen the protection and efficient utilization of agricultural resources, implement ecological protection and restoration projects of landscapes, forests and lakes, expand returning farmland to forests and grasslands, control agricultural non-point source pollution, and promote the green development of agriculture.
According to reports, this year, China has built 11 high-standard water-saving agricultural demonstration zones, 200 demonstration counties for fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase, and 600 demonstration bases for integrated pest control and green prevention and control. Establish animal husbandry green development demonstration counties and fishery healthy breeding demonstration counties, and the proportion of aquatic healthy breeding demonstration areas will reach 51%. Start the establishment of an experimental demonstration area for agricultural sustainable development and explore a new model for agricultural green development.
At the same time, the agricultural sector has carried out pilot projects for comprehensive utilization of livestock manure and pollution control of livestock aquaculture in Dongting Lake area. We will start comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in typical river basins such as Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, carry out pilot projects of comprehensive utilization of straw, and continue to promote pilot projects of black land protection in Northeast China, heavy metal pollution in South China and groundwater overexploitation in North China. Start the establishment of an experimental demonstration area for sustainable agricultural development and explore an effective model for green agricultural development.
In terms of improving comprehensive production capacity, we will promote the demarcation of permanent basic farmland and complete the demarcation of permanent basic farmland around 106 key cities. Carry out the whole-process mechanization promotion of major crops, and create a number of full-process mechanization demonstration counties. The comprehensive mechanization rate of major crops cultivation and harvest reached 65%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over 2015.
Recently, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture also jointly issued the "Reform Plan for Establishing a Green Ecology-oriented Agricultural Subsidy System", proposing for the first time that by 2020, an agricultural subsidy policy system and an incentive and restraint mechanism oriented to green ecology will be basically established to promote the rational utilization of agricultural resources and ecological environmental protection, so as to further improve the accuracy, directionality and effectiveness of agricultural subsidy policies.
Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture, said that in order to emphasize the high-quality, safe and green orientation, we should thoroughly implement the zero-growth action of chemical fertilizer agricultural use next year, comprehensively promote the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, earnestly tackle the outstanding problems of agricultural resources and environment, vigorously promote agricultural standardized production, and accelerate the construction of an agricultural subsidy mechanism oriented to green ecology.
