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The Course and Significance of Deng Xiaoping’s Diplomatic Thought of ＂Two Changes＂

[Abstract] After entering the new era, under the background of profound changes in the situation at home and abroad, the second generation of the central leading collective of the CPC with Deng Xiaoping as the core, relying on rich political experience and keen insight, revolved around two major issues, such as how to understand the international situation and what kind of foreign policy to formulate according to the situation, not only scientifically analyzed the rapidly evolving trend of the times and the world trend at that time, but also formed a series of major strategic judgments that profoundly affected contemporary China. The diplomatic thought of "two transformations" put forward in 1985 is one of the outstanding representatives. History shows that the brewing and development of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" not only accurately answered a series of important questions such as the historical position of contemporary China and its strategic position in international politics, but also played a great role in promoting China’s modernization and reform and opening up. Therefore, it is a key to understand the development of CPC’s diplomatic thought since the new period.

[Keywords:] "Two transformations"; Put forward the course; profound influence

At the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 4th, 1985, Deng Xiaoping made a striking speech. He mentioned that after the downfall of the Gang of Four, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, through the analysis of the general trend of the world and the surrounding environment, China achieved two important changes in its judgment of the international situation and its foreign policy, namely, it changed its original view that the danger of war was imminent and changed the "one line" strategy we pursued in the past. [1](pp.126-128) This idea is what the academic circles later called "two changes" in China’s diplomacy in the new period.

Since the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" was put forward, although the world is not peaceful, under this guidance, the pace of China’s rise has been steadily moving forward. This shows that this idea has stood the test of time and history. It is for this reason that the research on this idea has always been attached importance by domestic academic circles. Previous studies show that "two transformations" are not only a theoretical crystallization of Deng Xiaoping’s diplomatic thought, but also a key to understand the development of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s diplomatic thought in the new period.

This year coincides with the 30th anniversary of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations". In order to deeply study this important thought, which has a profound influence on contemporary China, the author tries to make a further discussion on the course, basic connotation and far-reaching influence of this thought on the basis of the above research and in combination with the current domestic and international situation.

First, the realization of the historical turning point: the origin of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

As an important guiding ideology of China government’s foreign policy in the new period, the proposal of "two changes" is not out of thin air and accidental, but has a very complicated and profound historical background.

(A) the basic understanding of the CPC on two major issues in the 1970s

In the 1970s, under the background of bipolar hegemony, with the change of the offensive and defensive situation between the United States and the Soviet Union, the whole international relations presented a complicated situation of drastic changes. One of its appearances is the gradual formation of the strategic triangle between China, the United States and the Soviet Union in the western Pacific and the resulting game among all parties. Under this situation, a series of major historical events have occurred in this region, such as the armed conflict on the Sino-Soviet border, Nixon’s visit to China, the signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems by the United States and the Soviet Union, and the climax of the third diplomatic relations between New China. This series of major historical events profoundly influenced the judgment of the Chinese Communist Party on the international situation and the formulation of foreign policies throughout the 1970s. Undoubtedly, the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1973 and the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1977 can best reflect this understanding.

In judging the international situation at the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1973, the basic points are as follows: First, the current international situation is characterized by chaos in the world, and "everything is coming"; Second, the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union is the source of world unrest; Third, the United States and the Soviet Union both compete and collude. The Soviet Union was a diversion from the East to the West, and its real strategic focus was on Europe. While the west wants to lead the disaster to China. Accordingly, in foreign policy, the Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that we should strengthen unity with all countries that are invaded, subverted, interfered, controlled and bullied by imperialism, so as to form the broadest United front and oppose imperialism and colonialism, old and new, especially the hegemonism of the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. [2]

At the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1977, judging the international situation, its basic points were as follows: First, while the revolutionary factors continued to grow, the war factors increased obviously; Second, the Soviet Union and the United States are the source of the new world war. However, under the strategic situation that the Soviet Union takes the offensive and the United States is on the defensive, the Soviet Union is more dangerous. Third, although the struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States has spread all over the world, its focus is still on Europe; There is a trend of appeasement in the West, which not only fantasizes about maintaining peace by compromising and giving in, but also fantasizes about pushing the Soviet Union to China. Accordingly, in foreign policy, the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that all preparations should be made for the Soviet Union and the United States to launch a new world war, and all countries invaded, subverted, interfered, controlled and bullied by imperialism and social imperialism should be United to form the broadest United front against the hegemonism of the two superpowers. [3]

Although there are still obvious mistakes and shortcomings in the ideological line and political line of the Tenth and Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, these two important meetings comprehensively and intensively reflected the basic understanding of the CPC on two major issues, namely, the judgment of the international situation and the formulation of foreign policies. In short, this is: the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union is the root of world turmoil; The factors of war are obviously increasing, and the Soviet Union has become the main threat to trigger war. China needs to build the most extensive international anti-hegemony united front to oppose the possible world war.

(B) the shift of the focus of the work of the party and the state and the origin of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

The development of history is often not a straight line. After entering the late 1970s, with the development and changes of the domestic and international situation, new changes have taken place in the two major issues mentioned above. The fundamental reason for this change lies in the historical turning point in China at the end of 1978.

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in December 1978 was an important turning point in the contemporary history of China. This plenary session not only completely corrected the "Cultural Revolution" and its previous "Left" errors, but also made a strategic decision to shift the focus of the work of the party and the country to socialist modernization and implement reform and opening up, thus realizing a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of the party and the country and opening a new period in the history of reform and opening up in China. Since then, unswervingly promoting reform, opening up and modernization has become "the overriding central task of the people of the whole country for a long time to come" and "a great cause that will determine the fate of the motherland for a thousand years." [4](pp.208-209)

So, how can we ensure this "central task" and "a great cause for generations to come"? In this regard, the top leaders of the Communist Party of China have gradually formed some consensus: to speed up modernization, we must open our doors to the world while basing ourselves on the domestic market, so as to introduce foreign advanced technology, expand exports, increase foreign exchange, and develop foreign economic cooperation, and so on. [5](p.327) Although a consensus has been reached, it is necessary to implement these grand ideas in complicated practical work, but it is necessary to answer the two major questions mentioned above in theory. That is, how to look at the changed international situation and how to formulate China’s foreign policy in the new period.

At the same time that China has achieved a historical turning point, the whole international relations and situation are also in a "turning point". [6] (P. Foreword.1) This is highlighted in the following aspects: After entering the 1980s, a new scientific and technological revolution flourished around the world. Driven by this new scientific and technological revolution, the wave of reform and adjustment began to spread all over different types of countries, and the trend of economic globalization was further highlighted. Moreover, with the further rise of economic and scientific factors in international relations, the strategic focus among big countries is increasingly shifting from short-term and military advantages to long-term and comprehensive national strength competition. [6] (P. Preface.3) Obviously, under this situation, the original judgment that "war is imminent" can no longer accurately reflect the developed and changed world trend, and the original view of the times that insists on revolution and war can no longer scientifically reveal the developed and changed trend of the times.

It can be seen that the origin of the problem of "two changes" is an inevitable requirement for the development of the domestic situation after the shift of the focus of the party and the state. From abroad, this is a reflection and adaptation of the CCP to the changing world trend. In this regard, Deng Xiaoping once profoundly pointed out: "Our foreign policy is based on our general views and analysis of international issues." [7](p.327) "The primary task of China’s foreign work is to strive for peace and serve China’s socialist modernization." [8](p.10)

Second, the exploration in great changes: the brewing process of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations"

Like any mature guiding ideology, the proposal of "two transformations" is not achieved overnight, but has gone through an unusually careful brewing process.

(A) the situation at home and abroad from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s

From the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, the situation at home and abroad developed rapidly and experienced profound changes. Specifically:

Domestically, during this period, China not only brought order out of chaos in the guiding ideology, but also achieved a great victory in the practical work on all fronts, thus realizing a historic and great transformation. On this basis, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the scientific proposition of building socialism with China characteristics. After the 12th National Congress, the reform and opening-up began to spread rapidly throughout the country, and China’s social productive forces were greatly promoted, and its comprehensive national strength was constantly enhanced. This is mainly manifested in:

First, the economic field. On the basis of summing up historical experience, the party and the state have steadily shifted the focus of their work to socialist modernization. On the one hand, they have resolutely eliminated the long-standing "Left" errors in economic work, on the other hand, they have conscientiously implemented the policy of adjustment, reform, rectification and improvement. After several years of hard work, by 1985, China’s economy had passed the most difficult period and embarked on a healthy track of steady development.

Second, the political field. It ended the long-term social unrest after the "Cultural Revolution" and realized a stable, United and lively political situation. The leading bodies at all levels of the CPC and the state have been gradually adjusted, rectified and strengthened; Democracy and the legal system have been gradually improved; The relationship of equality and unity among all ethnic groups has been strengthened again; The patriotic United front has been further expanded; Education, science and culture are gradually on the right track and show a preliminary prosperity; Wait a minute. Such a political situation is considered to be "one of the best historical periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China". [9](p.262)

Third, the ideological field and the self-construction of the CPC. The cult of personality and dogmatism that prevailed in the past have been broken, and the society is active in thinking, and there has been a vivid scene of trying to study new situations and solve new problems. In addition, in order to correctly implement the policy of emancipating the mind, the CPC reaffirmed the four cardinal principles in time and did a lot of work to correct the party style. Moreover, leading posts of the party, government and army at all levels, from the central government to the local government, have added a number of outstanding cadres who have both ability and political integrity and are in the prime of life, and the abolition of the tenure system for cadres and the rejuvenation of cadres have been significantly promoted. [9](p.400)

Fourth, the military field. The People’s Liberation Army has made remarkable achievements in strengthening military training and ideological and political work, improving the relationship between the army and the government, guarding the border, safeguarding the security of the motherland and participating in socialist construction. The military and political quality of the army has been improved under the new historical conditions. [9](p.263)

Fifth, the diplomatic field. The China administration actively adjusted its relations with the United States, Japan, the Soviet Union and other countries, thus "opening up a new situation in the international struggle", constantly improving its international status and greatly improving its international situation and national security situation. Moreover, with the promotion of opening to the outside world, China has gradually broken through the shackles of capital, technology, talents and management, and its economic ties with other countries have become increasingly close and frequent, and its economic dependence with other countries has deepened. [9](p.59)

In short, by the mid-1980s, China "had begun to find a way to build socialism with China characteristics" and was in "one of the best and crucial periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China". [9](p.397)

At the same time, from the perspective of foreign countries, international politics, economy and new technological revolution are also undergoing a profound change. This is mainly manifested in:

First, the trend of multipolarization in international politics has been further enhanced. First of all, after fierce competition in the early 1980s, the Soviet Union began to shrink its forces and fronts around 1984. Taking this as a turning point, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union and even the whole international situation began to gradually turn to relaxation. This trend became more obvious after Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985. Secondly, with the growing discord within the western camp and the obvious intensification of the centrifugal tendency of eastern European countries towards the Soviet Union, the ability of the United States and the Soviet Union to control and influence international affairs has been greatly weakened. Thirdly, the struggle of the third world, which accounts for three quarters of the world’s population, to safeguard national independence and develop national economy has continued to develop, and it has increasingly become an important force that cannot be ignored in international politics. In addition, the reform and opening up has greatly activated the vitality of China, and China has increasingly become an important force on the international stage.

Second, peace and development have become the central issues of common concern to people all over the world. During this period, under the trend of economic globalization, the re-development of developed countries and the development of developing countries, as well as the contradiction between North and South derived from it, have increasingly become obstacles to the further development of the global economy. Under this background, all countries in the world are troubled by various economic problems. In order to solve their own development problems, countries urgently need not only a peaceful environment, but also economic exchanges between them. Seeking peace, development and cooperation has become the trend of the times.

Third, science and technology are increasingly becoming the most active and decisive factor in the new social productive forces. During this period, with the high-tech strategies such as the "high frontier" in the United States, the "Eureka Plan" in Western Europe, the "comprehensive outline of scientific and technological progress" in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and the "research plan for new fields of human science" in Japan, by the mid-1980s, the competition of developed countries to seize the commanding heights of science and technology had become a heated trend, and the competition of comprehensive national strength based on economy and guided by science and technology had increasingly become the most international competition, especially among big countries. [8](p.49)

Fourth, the economic rise of East Asia in 1980s. Following the rapid development of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" in the 1970s, the East Asian region, represented by China and Southeast Asian countries, experienced rapid economic growth in the 1980s. The rapid growth of the overall economy in East Asia has attracted worldwide attention and is also known as the "Asian economic miracle". Many people believe that this is the most remarkable event in world history after World War II, and believe that the modernization of Asia will become the most important world development direction from the 1990s to the early 21st century.

(B) In the mid-1980s, the CPC made breakthroughs in understanding several major issues.

It is under the above historical background that the second generation of the Central Leading Group of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping at the core has made an unusually prudent exploration around how to treat the changed international situation and formulate foreign policies corresponding to it. This kind of exploration, first of all, is reflected in a key breakthrough in understanding a series of major issues that have long puzzled people’s minds, such as how to treat "war and peace", "theme of the times" and "alliance". Specifically:

First, about war and peace. Based on his profound insight into the international situation in this period, Deng Xiaoping believed that: under the background of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the only ones who wanted to wage or were able to wage war; Other international forces besides the United States and the Soviet Union, including Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, China and the vast Third World, are opposed to war, which makes "the forces of peace and the forces that restrict war have made gratifying progress" and makes the United States and the Soviet Union "dare not wage war easily". [10](p.1085) On this basis, around 1984, the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party gradually changed the traditional understanding that "war is imminent" and "world war is inevitable", and then reached a new major judgment. Namely: "It is possible not to have a large-scale world war for a long time, and there is hope for maintaining world peace." [1](p.127)

Second, about the theme of the times. After the judgment of war and peace became clearer, Deng Xiaoping’s strategic judgment on the theme of the times began to mature. Through a profound analysis of the great changes at home and abroad in the same period, he believes that "peace issues" and "development issues" have increasingly become "two prominent issues" and "the most fundamental issues" in the world today, and they have "global and strategic significance". [10](pp.979, 974, 1010) During 1984 and 1985, his thought was continuously developed and perfected, and finally he put forward that "peace and development" are the two major problems in the contemporary world. He said: "The real big problems in the world now have global strategic problems, one is peace, and the other is economic or development." [1](p.105)

Third, about "alliance." Since the founding of New China, under the special background of the Cold War, based on the comprehensive consideration of social system, ideology, national security and strategic interests, China has successively pursued strategic policies such as "one-sided" and "one-line". In the anarchic international politics, for China, a relatively small country, this strategic policy of "alliance" or "quasi-alliance" is undoubtedly an act with relatively low cost and controllable risk. However, after entering the new era, with the shift of the focus of the work of the party and the state, the vigorous rise of domestic economic construction, and the development and evolution of international politics, especially the "strategic triangle" between China, the United States and the Soviet Union, the disadvantages of pursuing "alliance" or "quasi-alliance" in foreign policy began to stand out. Deng Xiaoping knew this very well. In this regard, he once hit the nail on the head and pointed out: "We are willing to be friendly with whoever wants to be friendly with us, but we will never get involved in any group or form an alliance with them." [10](p.1068) "China’s foreign policy is independent and truly non-aligned." [1](p.57)

In short, under the historical background of the rapid development of the domestic and international situation in the mid-1980s, around the above-mentioned major issues, our party has successively achieved key breakthroughs in understanding. Undoubtedly, these key breakthroughs will promote the emergence of new important ideas.

Third, the creation of a new diplomatic situation: the proposal and great significance of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

After this series of breakthroughs in understanding, as a theoretical summary of how the CPC treats the international situation and foreign policy in the new period, the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" is coming to the fore. Its time node was finally fixed in 1985.

(A) 1985: The diplomatic thought of "two transformations" was finally put forward.

As mentioned above, Deng Xiaoping finally put forward the important thought of "two transformations" at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 4, 1985.

In his speech, Deng Xiaoping systematically reviewed the Chinese Communist Party’s understanding of the international situation and foreign policy formulation, and concluded: "Based on these analyses of the world trend and the analysis of our surrounding environment, we have changed our original view that the danger of war is imminent." [1](p.127) "We don’t play other people’s cards in China, and we don’t allow anyone to play China cards. We mean what we say." [1](p.128) In addition, he fully affirmed the great significance of the "two transformations". He stressed that these "two major changes" are correct, "enhancing China’s position in the international arena and enhancing China’s right to speak on international issues", and are also beneficial to "our opening-up policy", "accelerating our development" and "using the international peaceful environment to absorb more useful things for us". Accordingly, he confidently put forward: "As long as we adhere to such judgments and policies, we can boldly and wholeheartedly carry out our four modernizations." [1](p.128)

(B) the "two changes" diplomatic thought of contemporary China’s far-reaching impact.

As an important thought of the Chinese Communist Party in foreign policy and national strategy in the new period, the proposal of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" has had a far-reaching impact on contemporary China.

First, under the guidance of this idea, the China government made a major decision to disarm one million people. The second generation of central collective leadership of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping as the core, marked by the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", strengthened the important judgment that the world war could not be fought for a long time. It is on the basis of this idea that the China government made a major decision to disarm one million people. Since then, the practice has also proved that "one million disarmament" is not only an important strategic decision for China’s army building in the new era, but also won a wide range of good responses for China in the international arena. [11](pp.251-252)

Secondly, under the guidance of this thought, the China administration has completed the adjustment of its foreign policy in the new period and created a new situation in China’s diplomatic work in the new period. Under the guidance of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress held in 1986 comprehensively expounded China’s independent foreign policy of peace in the new period from ten aspects. This shows that China has basically completed the adjustment of its foreign policy in the new period. Since then, in accordance with the above foreign policy, the China government has resolutely adjusted its strategy of "one line" and "one large area", constantly improved and developed its relations with major countries, and established and developed diplomatic relations with all countries in the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China’s international status and reputation have become higher and higher, and more and more friends have been made, thus creating a new situation in China’s diplomacy in the new era. [12]

Third, under the guidance of this thought, the concept of the strategic opportunity period of the CPC has been nurtured and developed and matured. Following the development logic of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", by the end of 1980s, Deng Xiaoping finally formed an important judgment that the Chinese nation had met "a rare opportunity for development". In his view, there are two basic points of this judgment. Namely: the Chinese nation has encountered a once-in-a-century development opportunity; Chinese should cheer up and seize this opportunity to develop China. Since then, the "strategic opportunity period" has become an important basis for the CCP to analyze, judge and make decisions on the world trend; All previous congresses of the Communist Party of China have also deepened their understanding and grasp of this concept in accordance with the constantly developing and changing international situation. For example, while emphasizing that "China’s development is still in an important period of strategic opportunities that can make great achievements", the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further put forward that "we should accurately judge the changes in the connotation and conditions of the important period of strategic opportunities". [13] Practice has proved that the concept of strategic opportunity period conceived under the guidance of the thought of "two transformations" and its continuous development and maturity not only mean that the CPC has a more sober historical consciousness of China’s current historical position and historical opportunities, but also have a great impetus to the modernization and reform and opening up of contemporary China.

To sum up, after entering the new era, under the background of profound changes at home and abroad, the second generation of central leading collective of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping at the core, relying on rich political experience and keen insight, on the basis of inheriting the international strategies of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, closely focused on how to understand the relationship between China and the world, and how to understand the international situation and formulate what kind of foreign policies, sized up the situation and drew up the overall situation. It not only accurately grasped the trend of the times and the general trend of the world behind the great changes at home and abroad, but also formed a series of important strategic judgments that profoundly influenced contemporary China. Undoubtedly, this historical process fully explains the strategic wisdom and decision-making ability of the second generation of the CPC Central Leading Group with Deng Xiaoping at the core, which is also an important inspiration for us to sort out this period of history. In this regard, the supreme leader once spoke highly of it. He said: How did the reform and opening up come about? It is crucial that our party correctly judges the general trend of the world. As a result of making a correct judgment on the general trend of the world, our party has established the understanding that peace and development are the themes of the times, and only with the transfer of the work center of the party and the state can a new era of reform and opening up be opened.

[References]

[1] Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Volume 3) [M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1993.

[2] Zhou Enlai. Report at the Tenth National Congress in communist party, China [N]. People’s Daily, 1973-09-01.

[3] Hua Guofeng. Political report at the 11th National Congress in the Communist Party of China (CPC) [N]. People’s Daily, 1977-08-23.

[4] Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Volume 2) [M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1994.

[5] Memoirs of Gu Mu [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2009.

[6] History of International Relations (1980-1989) (Volume XI) [M]. Beijing: World Knowledge Press, 2004.

Deng Xiaoping Chronicle (1975-1997) (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2004.

[8] Deng Xiaoping’s diplomatic thought study outline [M]. Beijing: World Knowledge Publishing House, 2000.

[9] Selected Important Documents in the Thirty Years of Reform and Opening-up (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2008.

[10] Deng Xiaoping Chronicle (1975-1997) (below) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2004.

[11] Recalling Deng Xiaoping (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 1998.

[12] Liu Huaqiu. On Deng Xiaoping’s International Strategic Thought [J]. Party Literature, 2007, (2).

[13] Hu Jintao. Striving unswervingly along the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics to build a well-off society in an all-round way-report in The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [N]. People’s Daily, November 18, 2012.

(The author is an associate researcher in the third editing and research department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Literature Research Office)

Source: Deng Xiaoping Theory Studies in Mao Zedong, No.5, 2015.

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The 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland, 25 classic Hong Kong films that can’t be missed!

Special feature of 1905 film network"After 154 years, Hong Kong has returned to China, and we don’t want to and can’t wait another second."

How many Chinese people’s voices are expressed by this powerful line in "Return to China".

In the past 25 years, the Xiangjiang River has been surging, and we have witnessed the vicissitudes of Hong Kong’s development.

Hong Kong movies, as the most splendid halo of the Pearl of the Orient, are also full of new vitality in continuous cooperation, exchange and innovation.

The pearl is new in color, and the light and shadow testify. Let’s review the light and shadow moments of the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland with 25 films.

In 1997

97 families have happy events

97 Families Have Happy Events is a "companion piece" in 1992, which continues to tell the hilarious story of a family of three brothers.

And the return of the starring role, and the new joining of,, won more than 40 million box office in the Lunar New Year file.

Many bridges combine current events with laughter, which is meaningful. A couple who worship foreign things and flatter foreign countries have been sharply replied by the whole family.

The line played by Jacklyn Wu as Xiaoqian is quite Japanese: I’m ashamed of you, China people don’t do it, so be a fake foreign devil!

In 1998

Who am I

This transnational production, which was jointly created by and, is one of the representative works of Jackie Chan’s action movies.

The film is mainly shot in Africa, full of exotic customs, and many action scenes, such as gecko climbing, high-rise rooftop fighting and glass curtain wall downhill, have become difficult to copy.

In 1999,

King of comedy.

In 1999, he made his debut in the Lunar New Year’s Eve, and it was no surprise that he won the box office championship that year.

A lot of inspiration in the film comes from Stephen Chow’s real experience, which is also his transformation from an actor to a director.

"I’m an actor" and "I’ll support you" are only jokes when I was a child, and I know the bitterness and meaning behind them.

In 2000

we are young 2

At the turn of the century when Vientiane is updated, I just choose to fall into nostalgia.

It seems to be writing about Hong Kong in the 1960s, but what it contains is the dream of "old Shanghai" in the 1930s.

"If I have more tickets, will you follow me?"

It is about the best years and the worst love.

In 2001

Shaolin soccer.

Another Zhou comedy, another record-breaking annual box office champion.

This is also the last film of Stephen Chow and Cooperation.

"If you don’t have a dream, what’s the difference with salted fish?"

In and out of the play, "shaolin soccer" injected a shot in the arm into the Hong Kong film market, which was in a trough at that time.

In 2002

Infernal affairs

Hong Kong films’ rescue work, the insurmountable peak of Hong Kong films, has far-reaching influence at home and abroad …

It seems that how to describe the status can not be exaggerated.

"I had no choice before, but now I want to be a good person."

There are bandits among the police, there are policemen among the bandits, there is no distinction between good and evil, and good and evil are intertwined. The significance of Infernal Affairs is not only at the box office, but also to re-energize the routine Hong Kong-made police film.

In 2003

《PTU》

"In this dress, you are your brother."

The conflict between police and bandits, emotion and reason broke out overnight with a gun.

Darkness, coldness, and violence all make the style with great galactic image branded.

In 2004

New never to lose

In 2003, the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) was signed, and the relationship between Hong Kong filmmakers and the mainland market became closer.

The cooperation between Chen Musheng and Jackie Chan is also a representative work of co-production, and the box office in the Mainland has exceeded 40 million yuan.

Jackie Chan, who is serious, is still desperate, jumping between buses and jumping off the convention center, contributing many amazing action scenes.

"Stop it, Joe!" It also achieved the most classic villain image.

In 2005

Initial d

Hong Kong box office champion in 2005, and also starred in the first film.

The best at "making cartoons" once again contributed to a popular and popular classic.

"There is only one success in this world, that is, being able to spend your life in the way you like. “

In 2006

Huo Yuanjia.

After that, he performed a Chinese film after four years, which was also the last kung fu film he certified.

Huo Yuanjia’s duel with world masters is not only the pinnacle of martial arts, but also conveys the spirit of Chinese martial arts:

"Violence is not the solution to the problem"

In 2007

Warlords

"The warlords, brotherhood; Life and death depend on each other, and good and bad luck save each other; Happiness and misfortune depend on each other, and adversity helps each other. "

It is a self-breakthrough work by the ever-changing director, which boldly subverts the routine of costume martial arts films, and is regarded as the peak of Jet Li’s acting by many people.

The film has captured three superstars, Jet Li, and Japan, with an investment of 300 million yuan, but the box office is not satisfactory.

However, the generous award recognition in the coming year will make this classic not be buried.

the year of 2008

IP Man

There is an "Iron Man" in Hollywood and an "IP Man" in China.

From the birth in 2008 to the end of the legend in 2019, the decade with IP Man was a decade of mutual achievement, which also created the final glory of kung fu films.

"Although martial arts is an armed force, our China martial arts contains Confucian philosophy, martial arts, that is, benevolence, pushing others."

In 2009

Bodyguards and assassins.

"The fire of revolution is about to start a prairie fire, and a brand-new world is coming soon!"

Chen Kexin, the producer, and the director blended dozens of stars to weave a moving portrait of a small person who died for his country.

It has written a revolutionary history belonging to Hong Kong, and also opened a precedent for Hong Kong filmmakers to create the main theme.

2010 years

Time thief

Hong Kong’s past is not only the Kowloon walled city, the gangsters, but also the joys and sorrows of ordinary people.

Based on the director’s own experience, it shows the optimism and tenacity of ordinary families in Hong Kong in the face of difficulties.

Time is a real "thief", and life is always "one step harder, one step better; Difficult step, better step. "

In 2011

Flying swords of dragon gate.

As a sequel, it is a self-innovation.

The "Xu Laoguai" who is obsessed with technology once again achieved a breakthrough in 3D, and wrote a new chapter in martial arts films with the grandeur and desolation of the desert, the agility and elegance of martial arts, and the arrogance of chivalrous people.

"It’s better to forget each other than to be in the Jianghu."

In 2012

Chill

"After Infernal Affairs, the best Hong Kong gangster film" was once commented by many people.

Infernal Affairs pays attention to the humanistic core, while Cold War advocates the rational spirit.

The Hong Kong police and all parties within the judicial system wrestled with each other and used their wits to make the Hong Kong-made gangster film have a new flavor.

In 2013

The Grandmaster

Wong Kar-wai worked hard for ten years to produce this film, and also set a record for the Hong Kong Film Awards with 12 awards.

The film seems to be a battle between the martial arts, but in fact it is still about the frustration of time and the nostalgia and nostalgia for the past era.

"All encounters in the world are reunions after a long separation."

In 2014

Golden age

"The places I’m going to are all hometowns I’ve never met before."

This is a picture scroll of literati in the Republic of China, and it is also a film of prose poetry.

Persistence in creation makes the world see another color of Hong Kong movies besides business.

In 2015

Monster hunt.

It won the first box office in the film history of that year with 2.43 billion yuan, and also became the biggest dark horse of the year.

The success of the film can not be separated from the ingenious integration of fantasy theme and Hollywood family fun mode, but also from the director’s years of precipitation and continuous exploration of domestic CG technology.

the year of 2016

the mermaid

3.39 billion! The box office record of Chinese movies continues to be refreshed by Hong Kong filmmakers.

Although word of mouth is mixed, Stephen Chow still left countless lines and famous scenes, and this mermaid fairy tale also conveyed his concern about environmental issues.

"If your life is only the last minute, if there is not even a drop of clean water and a breath of clean air on the earth, what do you want to do most?"

the year 2017

Chasing the dragon

The story of Lame Hao and Mayor has a new flavor.

"Life and death are life, wealth is in the sky." The game between Donnie Yen and Andy Lau is brotherly friendship, and it is also the ups and downs of the times.

It is the feelings of Jing Wong, but also the feelings of the audience.

the year of 2018

"unparalleled"

"One million people in this world have only one protagonist."

"People who only see black and white are always losers."

There are suspense and reversal of brain burning, shocking movements and big scenes, and there is no shortage of complex descriptions of human nature.

It can be called a real revival of Hong Kong films.

2019

Anti-drug 2

1.312 billion box office, the market once again witnessed the strength of Hong Kong films.

Familiar with the types of police and bandit action movies, Andy Lau and his opponent are also perfect.

"Is it too pedantic to talk about human rights with drug dealers?"

the year of 2020

Shock Wave 2

From bombs to nuclear bombs, from Tsing Ma Bridge to Chek Lap Kok Airport. …

Qiu Litao carried out the explosion to the end, and it also upgraded from special effects to actions.

"You all say that I am sick, but the world is sick."

Thanks to Pan Chengfeng’s obsession, struggle and redemption, Andy Lau also achieved a "hundred-foot-long" self-breakthrough.

In 2021

Anger and serious crime

"The police will never tolerate anyone who is lawless and openly attacks the rule of law."

Director Chen Musheng’s posthumous work is a magnificent summary of himself and Hong Kong-style gangster films.

Donnie Yen and one righteousness and one evil, boxing to the flesh, all make the gangster film return to the most classic male narration and hardcore action.

In 2022

Just over half of 2022, the film in Hong Kong was not absent. …

Against the wind, it won 149 million box office, once again showing the strength and tenacity of Hong Kong films.

Next, there are more masterpieces waiting to meet the audience.

"Life is inevitably rugged, and it is difficult to be carefree. We are in the same boat and help each other under the Lion Mountain."

This enterprising spirit of Lion Rock in the same boat is also the characteristic of Hong Kong filmmakers.

Let Hong Kong movies go through the ups and downs, and still live on!

Legend to be continued …

Hong Kong movies will never fade!

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Spring Festival, let the world perceive Chinese culture.

　　Spring Festival, let the world perceive Chinese culture (commentator’s observation)

　　Culture is not only a way of life, but also a spiritual concept. The Spring Festival culture can span mountains and seas, and it is precisely because of it that people have a common feeling in their hearts.

　　The ideology, humanistic spirit and moral norms contained in Chinese excellent traditional culture are of great value to solving the common problems faced by mankind.

　　Show the development and progress of contemporary China and the wonderful life of contemporary Chinese, and present a more three-dimensional, more comprehensive and richer China for foreign people.

　　In Australia, a well-known local chocolate manufacturer specially launched a pig-shaped chocolate to celebrate the Lunar New Year in China. In Argentina, the "Happy Spring Festival" temple fair has become a local "new festival"; In Finland, people watch the dragon and lion dances and celebrate the New Year in sync with China … In the Spring Festival holiday just past, not only China was full of strong flavor of the Year, but also the whole world was full of China elements, filled with the breath of the Year of China.

　　The Spring Festival culture is blooming in the world, bringing different life fireworks and cultural interests to foreigners. Drink a bowl of Laba porridge and experience "it is the year after Laba"; Wear a red suit and get a good color; Visit a temple fair and feel the lively atmosphere of the Spring Festival in China. The constantly "going out" Spring Festival culture brings unique scenery to the world festival culture; Appreciating China’s culture through "being there" also opens a window for people of all countries to observe and perceive China. The world is full of interest in China and more recognition of Chinese culture, which is not only the demand of civilized communication, but also the economic connection and market drive. But fundamentally, it is because of the continuous enhancement of China’s comprehensive national strength and the continuous improvement of Chinese cultural influence.

　　Culture is not only a way of life, but also a spiritual concept. Nowadays, more and more foreigners are attracted by China’s traditional customs and touched by the values and spiritual pursuits conveyed by Chinese culture. Spring Festival couplets, window grilles, firecrackers, New Year’s Eve dinners, wine-keeping, and New Year’s greetings are customs with a strong sense of ceremony, which convey Chinese’s hope for a better life, his persistence in family values, and his pursuit of reunion and sharing. No matter where you are or what language you speak, these simple feelings are the common wishes of people. Therefore, the British guy who writes Spring Festival couplets for the first time will write "happiness" and "love" one by one on the Chinese characters saved in his mobile phone; The Moroccan girl, who is full of novelty about China’s calligraphy, also insists on asking for a calligraphy style for everyone in her family. The Spring Festival culture can span mountains and seas, and it is precisely because of it that people have a common feeling in their hearts.

　　The British philosopher Bertrand Russell said, "There are some things in China’s supreme ethical quality that are badly needed in the modern world". The ideology, humanistic spirit and moral norms contained in Chinese excellent traditional culture not only conserve Chinese’s spiritual life and construct the spiritual space of the Chinese nation, but also have great value in solving the common problems faced by mankind. From the development concept of "Taoism is natural" and "harmony between man and nature", to the world imagination of "harmony among nations", "faith and harmony", and then to the community consciousness of destiny of "helping each other in the same boat" and "sharing weal and woe", these ethical qualities, which are constantly nourished and moistened by Chinese excellent traditional culture, have aroused more resonance all over the world, providing "new possibilities" for solving the common problems faced by mankind. This is the deep-seated reason why the Spring Festival culture is so popular all over the world.

　　Of course, the "going out" of China culture today is not only to introduce excellent traditional culture, but also to spread excellent contemporary culture and show the development and progress of contemporary China and the wonderful life of contemporary Chinese. During the Spring Festival this year, many activities to show new images and styles went abroad, which made foreign people shine. For example, the "Happy China Year Charming Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei" event was unveiled in Los Angeles, USA, allowing local people to get a close look at the results of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; Light up the theme cultural activities of the 2022 Winter Olympics and enter Switzerland to witness the vision and efforts of China’s "Frozen" and "300 million people on the ice and snow" with the people of Snow Country. China’s books "going abroad", film and television programs "going out to sea" and various overseas public welfare and voluntary services also complement the Spring Festival culture, making the story of "going out" in China and China culture more vivid and vivid, and presenting a more three-dimensional, comprehensive and rich China for foreign people.

　　"Celebrate the new year and the old year together, and welcome you all night.". Chinese culture has accumulated the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, and it is a rich nourishment for the endless development and growth of the Chinese nation. Taking the Spring Festival culture "going out" as an opportunity to introduce more outstanding Chinese culture to the world and make it "alive" and "hot", we can continuously enhance the world appeal of Chinese culture and contribute more China wisdom to solving human problems.

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Ministry of Transport： In 2023, Spring Festival travel rush successfully closed, and the flow of people in the whole society exceeded 4.7 billion.

Cctv newsAccording to the WeChat WeChat official account news of the Ministry of Transport, according to the preliminary summary calculation, in 2023, in 40 days in Spring Festival travel rush, the total social mobility was about 4.733 billion person-times. Among them, the business passenger traffic was about 1.595 billion, up by 50.5% compared with the same period in 2022, and recovered to 53.5% in the same period in 2019. Railways, highways, waterways and civil aviation sent 348 million, 1.169 billion, 22.452 million and 55.214 million passengers respectively, up by 37.5% and 558.8 million respectively compared with the same period in 2022. The national expressway passenger car traffic totaled 1.184 billion, and the passenger capacity was about 3.138 billion, an increase of 18.6% over the same period in 2022 and 17.2% over the same period in 2019. On the whole, in 2023, Spring Festival travel rush has sufficient transportation capacity, orderly transportation organization, stable security situation, effective prevention and control measures, and strong service guarantee, achieving the goal of "safe, healthy, convenient and comfortable travel for the people and smooth and orderly transportation of key materials".

This year, Spring Festival travel rush has the following characteristics.：

First, the traffic volume of passenger cars on expressways reached a record high. The public’s willingness to travel by car has been significantly enhanced, and the policy of free passage for passenger cars with less than 7 seats continued during the Spring Festival holiday. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the number of self-driving trips reached a record high, with the passenger car traffic on the expressway reaching 60.291 million on January 27th (the sixth day of the first month), which was the historical peak.

Second, the business passenger flow has rebounded sharply. The people’s accumulated travel demands such as returning home for the New Year, visiting relatives and friends, traveling on vacation and business trips have been released, which has led to a rapid increase in passenger flow. The turnover of people in the whole society and business passenger traffic have reached new highs since Spring Festival travel rush in 2020.

Third, there is a strong demand for transportation of various key materials. The implementation of "Class B and Class B Management" coincided with the beginning of Spring Festival travel rush. The transportation demand of medical materials in China increased sharply, and key materials such as energy and people’s livelihood were in a critical period of ensuring supply and transportation. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the transportation demand of various key materials was intertwined.

Fourth, the optimization and adjustment of epidemic prevention and control have landed smoothly. Spring Festival travel rush’s epidemic prevention and control measures were carefully implemented, employees strictly carried out protection, and the public actively implemented personal health protection responsibilities. In the case of large-scale flow of people and logistics, cross-infection was prevented to the maximum extent, and the health of passengers was guaranteed. The "Class B and B Management" landed smoothly in the field of transportation.

The national transportation system will thoroughly study, profoundly understand, resolutely implement, and solidly implement the spirit of the important speech delivered by the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the eve of the Spring Festival to express condolences to grassroots cadres and masses, adhere to the principle of no drop in standards, no reduction in strength, and no slackening in enthusiasm. As always, we will continue to do a good job in service guarantee for key groups such as Spring Festival travel rush’s follow-up college students returning to school, migrant workers returning to their posts, and rural people traveling in busy farming, continue to strengthen transportation and logistics, strive to speed up the construction of a transportation power, and strive to be a modern China.

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Luohu Management Bureau of Shenzhen Bureau of Ecology and Environment held a special training publicity meeting on ＂High-standard dust control on construction sites to support high-quality development

　　In order to implement the decision-making arrangements of the municipal party committee, the municipal government, the district party committee and the district government on the prevention and control of dust pollution, earnestly do a good job in the prevention and control of dust pollution in Luohu District, and improve the dust control level of the construction projects under its jurisdiction, on the afternoon of February 23rd, the Luohu Management Bureau of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment organized a special training publicity meeting on "High-standard dust control in construction sites to support high-quality development" in Luohu District. This meeting closely followed the theme of high-standard management and control to support high-quality development, and invited the Atmospheric Environment Department of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment and the Municipal Academy of Environmental Sciences to conduct interpretation training on the laws and regulations of dust pollution prevention and control in Shenzhen and the technical specifications of dust pollution control. District Housing Construction Bureau, District Water Affairs Bureau, District Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau, District Building Works Department, Luohu Administration Bureau of Municipal Transportation Bureau, responsible comrades of all streets and responsible persons of 35 earthwork and demolition projects under construction in the jurisdiction (namely, construction units, construction units and supervision units) attended the meeting on the spot, and 80 projects under construction in other stages attended the meeting by online video conference.

　　At the meeting, the concise director of Luohu Management Bureau of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment first made a mobilization speech, conveyed and studied the instructions of the municipal party committee, the municipal government, the district party committee and the district government on strengthening the prevention and control of dust pollution, and deployed the next step, and put forward four measures: strengthening inspection and supervision, maintaining the high-pressure situation of law enforcement, continuously providing guidance services, and strengthening the creation of positive models, so as to mobilize the main bodies and supervision departments of all parties in the project to act quickly, maintain the spirit of forge ahead and dare to do good deeds, and control and control with high standards.

　　Subsequently, Lai Guibing, the second-level researcher of the Atmospheric Environment Department of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, made a detailed interpretation of the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities and the responsibilities of the contractors around the Measures for the Prevention and Control of Dust Pollution in Shenzhen. The technical experts of the Municipal Academy of Environmental Sciences introduced the dust prevention measures and the advanced experience of green construction sites, which deepened the participants’ understanding and understanding of the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of dust pollution in our city and the key points and difficulties in supervision and management.

　　Finally, the meeting organized and signed the Commitment Letter of Responsibility for Dust Pollution Prevention and Control of Construction Projects in Luohu District, which was signed by representatives of 115 responsible persons of the three parties involved in the construction projects, indicating that the "six 100%" standards will be strictly implemented, the dust pollution prevention and control will be strengthened, the rectification will be standardized, and the supervision of all levels and departments and the public will be actively accepted, making due contributions to the high-quality development of the city.

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Foreign trade, improving quality and making a good start.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed, "Expand foreign trade, cultivate new trade formats and new models, and promote the construction of a trade power." The outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan clearly puts forward "promoting the coordinated development of import and export", requiring "expanding the import of high-quality consumer goods, advanced technology, important equipment and energy resources", "optimizing the quality and structure of export commodities" and "guiding enterprises to deepen traditional export markets and expand emerging markets".

In the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan, the quality of China’s foreign trade has increased, achieving a good start.

"This is our latest CNC precision machining center, where raw materials go in and come out as finished products. The precision of holes and screws can be one percent of that of hair. " Hu Lijun, general manager of Zhejiang Cixi Boli Vehicle Co., Ltd. said that since this year, the production line has not stopped, and the order has been scheduled for April 2023.

Boli car owners want to produce high-grade bicycle brake systems, and the products are sold to Europe and South America. Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, some countries encouraged people to travel by bike, which greatly increased the demand for bicycles. Now the company is running at full capacity, with a monthly output of 150,000 pieces, which still cannot meet the demand of foreign markets. The company’s output value last year was about 150 million yuan, and it is expected to exceed 200 million yuan this year.

"Grasping the current foreign trade business opportunities has benefited from the company’s continuous investment in product research and development and technological transformation in recent years." Hu Lijun said, "We invest more than 50% of our annual profits in research and development. Since last year, the company has invested more than 30 million yuan to transform equipment, reducing the product error rate to about one thousandth, which is at the leading level in the industry. "

According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs, in the first quarter, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade was 8.47 trillion yuan, an increase of 29.2% over the same period last year. Among them, exports were 4.61 trillion yuan, an increase of 38.7%; Imports reached 3.86 trillion yuan, up by 19.3%. In the first quarter, China’s import and export scale not only far exceeded the same period of last year, but also increased by 25.3% and 20.5% respectively compared with the same period of 2018 and 2019.

Foreign trade connects international and domestic markets and resources; The improvement of foreign trade can better smooth the domestic circulation, promote the domestic and international double circulation, and provide strong support for building a new development pattern.

Fill it up and cheer up. In the first year, the commerce, customs and other departments and localities conscientiously implemented the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan, sought impetus from reform, sought vitality from innovation, actively responded to various unstable and uncertain factors in the international market, promoted the steady and high-quality development of foreign trade.

-expanding high-quality imports to meet domestic demand.

Hainan Duty Free Shop is popular! From February 11 to 17 this year, the sales of Hainan Island Duty Free Shop during the Spring Festival Golden Week in 7 days exceeded 1.5 billion yuan, which was fully doubled compared with the Spring Festival holiday in 2019.

In the middle of last year, the Ministry of Finance, the General Administration of Customs and the State Administration of Taxation issued an announcement to increase the duty-free shopping quota for tourists from outlying islands in Hainan to meet the demand for consumption upgrading. In 2021, all localities and departments will further reduce institutional costs, continue to expand imports of high-quality consumer goods, and promote diversification of import sources. At the same time, with the sustained and stable recovery of China’s economy, we will actively promote the import of high-tech products and energy and other basic materials. Customs data show that in the first quarter, China imported 155.27 billion integrated circuits, an increase of 33.6%; 139 million tons of crude oil, up by 9.5%; 1.436 million tons of copper, an increase of 11.7%.

-optimizing the commodity structure and increasing the added value of exports.

"We seized the consumer’s demand for home entertainment and launched new products with intelligent interaction and voice shopping functions, which suddenly became a fire in overseas markets!" The relevant person in charge of a technology company in Shenzhen said, "In the first two months of this year, the company’s exports reached 30 million US dollars. Electromechanical products such as smart speakers, vacuum cleaners, coffee machines, and electric hair clipper are highly sought after. "

This year, the Ministry of Commerce proposed to focus on the implementation of three major plans: excellent import and export, trade industry integration and smooth trade to ensure the stability and smoothness of the foreign trade industrial chain and supply chain; The General Administration of Customs has taken various measures to optimize supervision services and promote trade facilitation; The vast number of foreign trade enterprises highlight the core competitiveness of technology, brand and service, strive to optimize the quality and structure of export commodities, and cultivate new advantages in export competition. In the first quarter, China exported 2.78 trillion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, up 43%, accounting for 60.3% of the total export value, up 1.7 percentage points over the same period last year; Among them, the export of automatic data processing equipment and its parts, mobile phones and automobiles (including chassis) increased by 54.5%, 38.5% and 98.9% respectively.

-expanding emerging markets and enhancing the ability to resist risks.

Recently, 100 boxes of crisp dates with local characteristics produced and processed by Hebei Huanghua Tiantian Food Development Company were officially loaded and shipped, and sold to Brunei, a country along the Belt and Road Initiative, for the first time. "In the prevention and control of the epidemic, the relevant departments took the initiative to serve and visited the company many times to help us successfully explore new markets and stabilize foreign trade orders." The relevant person in charge of the company said.

At the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Commerce proposed the development of "Silk Road E-commerce", promoted the integration and development of new formats and new models such as cross-border e-commerce and jointly built the "Belt and Road", and added new momentum to the construction of trade corridors such as China-Europe trains and new land and sea passages. All localities, departments and related enterprises have further expanded the "friend circle" of economic and trade cooperation and continuously deepened economic and trade cooperation with countries along the "Belt and Road". In the first quarter, China imported and exported 2.5 trillion yuan to countries along the Belt and Road, an increase of 21.4%. Among them, imports and exports to Vietnam, Indonesia and Poland all achieved rapid growth.

-building an open highland and accelerating the development of new formats.

Not long ago, in Linyi Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Shandong Province, a batch of bonded R&D goods such as single-cell second-generation gel bead kits successfully entered the zone under the supervision of Linyi Customs, becoming the first bonded R&D project of genetic testing in Shandong Comprehensive Bonded Zone. "According to preliminary estimates, through bonded R&D business every year, light-related taxes can save hundreds of thousands of yuan, and our R&D motivation is stronger!" The person in charge of Shandong Kaihua Health Industry Company said.

Since the beginning of this year, the General Administration of Customs, together with relevant departments, has continuously expanded the policy functions of the comprehensive bonded zone, supported the construction of processing and manufacturing centers, R&D and design centers and logistics distribution centers, and accelerated the construction of a new highland for opening to the outside world. The Ministry of Commerce refines service measures, promotes enterprises in the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test zone to integrate the whole chain of import, transaction and after-sales, and develops new foreign trade models and formats. All localities take the comprehensive bonded zone and cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test zone as platforms, actively attract leading enterprises to enter the zone, and drive the surrounding areas to gather upstream and downstream supporting enterprises. In the first quarter, the import and export of comprehensive bonded zone increased by 41.1%, the import and export of free trade pilot zone increased by 28.4%, and the import of duty-free goods in Hainan Free Trade Port increased by 162.5%.

"In the first quarter, China’s foreign trade achieved a high growth rate that has not been seen for many years, showing the strong resilience and vitality of China’s foreign trade." Liang Ming, director of the Foreign Trade Research Institute of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, said that it is necessary to scientifically analyze the foreign trade situation, correctly treat the fundamentals of foreign trade, seize opportunities and meet challenges, and promote the "good start" of foreign trade to become a year-round red and sustained red, so as to make greater contributions to speeding up the construction of a new development pattern with domestic macro-cycle as the main body and domestic and international dual-cycle promoting each other.(Reporter Du Haitao, Kelly, Gu Chun, Qi Zhiming, Luo Shanshan)

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Enterprises send out the ＂big gift package＂ for the Spring Festival, and many measures are introduced to ensure the stability of jobs.

CCTV News:There is a big gap in the employment of testing reagent manufacturers, especially in packaging. In addition, the Spring Festival holiday is approaching, and the demand for employment is even more scarce. For this reason, manufacturers have issued Spring Festival "big gift packages" to attract employees to stay in their posts and continue to look at them.

In order to keep employees on the spot for the New Year, a COVID-19 testing reagent manufacturer in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province issued a cash-filled red envelopes to the employees who stayed in the post for the New Year. In the first three quarters of this year, the sales of testing reagents in COVID-19 reached 7.4 billion yuan, and at present, the orders of enterprises continue to increase. Put away the red envelopes, and the workers in the workshop are full of energy and full of horsepower to make orders. Li Xiuhua is a quality inspector of reagent finished products. She has chosen to stay in the company for the New Year for two consecutive years. This year, half of the employees in the company responded to the call to celebrate the New Year on the spot like her.

It is understood that migrant workers account for more than half of the production enterprises of these Covid-19 detection reagents in Zhejiang. In order to ensure that the Covid-19 test reagents can meet the needs of customers all over the world during the Spring Festival, many enterprises do not have a holiday during the Spring Festival, and they are trying to improve their treatment as much as possible and strive for employees to stay in their posts.

In view of the problem of labor shortage, in addition to enterprises offering real money to retain employees, local government departments have also introduced employment security measures for enterprises one after another. For example, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province plans to put in 120 million yuan of "New Shaoxing People" coupons to promote enterprises to stay in their jobs and promote employees to stay in Shaoxing for employment.

Zhang Weiguo, Deputy Director of Employment Promotion and Unemployment Insurance Department of Shaoxing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province:On the one hand, it is to issue a proposal to stay in Shaoxing for the New Year, to encourage employees to stay in their posts for employment, to guide enterprises to take scientific off-peak vacations, and to return to work in an orderly manner; On the other hand, we have formulated incentive measures, such as red envelopes for staying in posts, car rental subsidies, transportation subsidies, and recruitment incentives.

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A number of fine services ensure the smooth ＂microcirculation＂ of Spring Festival travel rush logistics ＂artery＂

　　CCTV News:Spring Festival travel rush opened on January 26th, 2024, and it is predicted that during the Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the cross-regional mobility of the whole society will reach a record high. How to ensure public travel and ensure the smooth "artery" and "microcirculation" of transportation and logistics?

　　The Overall Plan for Service Guarantee and Safety Production of Comprehensive Transportation in Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) shows that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, severe weather such as low temperature, rain, snow and freezing will occur frequently and widely, and the cross-regional personnel flow of the whole society will reach a record high.

　　In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush will last for 40 days from January 26th to March 5th. The cross-regional flow of people in the whole society will reach a record high, with the flow of visiting relatives, students, workers and tourists superimposed at a high level, and the passenger flow in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will be more concentrated.

　　The proportion of self-driving travel will hit a record high. The public’s travel habits have undergone profound structural changes, and the factors such as the increase in the toll time of passenger cars during the Spring Festival holiday are superimposed, and the operation pressure of expressways, ordinary national and provincial trunk highways and service areas is greater. It is estimated that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the business passenger traffic will increase greatly compared with the same period in 2023.

　　Spring Festival travel rush has a long duration, strong transportation intensity and high social concern. In addition, the severe weather such as low temperature, rain, snow and freezing during Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 is expected to increase, which makes it more arduous to comprehensively transport Spring Festival travel rush for safe production and emergency support. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, there was a strong demand for transportation of energy materials, people’s livelihood materials, spring ploughing and other materials, and the public travel service and ensuring the smooth "artery" and "microcirculation" of transportation and logistics were under great pressure.

　　The transportation department will strengthen the operation and dispatch and improve the service capacity.

　　The transportation department will analyze and judge the passenger flow dynamics of comprehensive transportation in Spring Festival travel rush, strengthen the transportation capacity guarantee and transportation organization, and comprehensively improve the travel service quality.

　　The "Proposal" clarifies that the transportation department should strengthen the real-time tracking of railway ticket pre-sale and standby information, closely track the passenger transportation on key routes such as Qiongzhou Strait, Hong Kong-Macao Line and "mini three links", and track the operation of popular routes at home and abroad. In particular, key passenger hub stations, tourist attractions, etc., effectively connect urban and rural passenger transport with trunk transportation by encrypting transportation capacity, operating shuttle buses, express trains at large stations, and customized buses. We will increase the security of transportation services in rural areas, open fair classes and spring ploughing classes, and carry out appointment response services.

　　During the Spring Festival holiday, minibuses will be given a free pass policy, and the transportation department should reasonably open up according to the change of traffic flow, so as to improve the traffic efficiency of toll stations. Increase the supply of charging facilities and equipment in the service area, and add mobile toilets and other facilities in the service area with large traffic.

　　The "Proposal" also requires the comprehensive promotion and application of online ticket purchasing, self-service ticket checking, automatic ticket checking and other services to popularize paperless travel and improve the passenger ticket purchasing service experience. Optimize and improve the standby function of railway 12306 ticket, and improve the redemption rate of standby ticket.

　　In view of the flow of migrant workers and students, the transportation department will provide services such as door-to-door ticket sales, chartered cars, special trains and chartered flights for migrant workers with needs and conditions. If the travel demand is relatively concentrated and qualified, direct transportation services such as student chartered cars can be organized.

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Pentium pony, lock the explosion？

On October 28th, the Pentium Pony Long Life Edition of FAW Pentium was officially launched. The new car launched two models, Smart Horse and Lightning Horse, with the price of 36,900 yuan and 39,900 yuan.

This new car is a new version of Pentium Pony, which has changed in four dimensions: battery life, function, power and intelligence.

These changes are related to the needs of users. Most mini pure trams that have been put on the market have a battery life of less than 200 kilometers, and the motor power is usually not high. As a result, two new models of Pentium pony have the longest cruising range of 222km in the same class, and the maximum power of the motor has reached 30 kW.

Intelligently, it has also been upgraded. The remote vehicle control function of Pentium Xiaoma APP supports vehicle condition display and remote air conditioning control. In addition, the new car also supports fast charging. It can be said that smart horse and lightning horse make Pentium pony’s products cover a wider range and have greater competitiveness.

Pentium Pony is the first model under the strategic transformation of FAW Pentium New Energy. It was launched on May 28th this year, and three models were initially launched, with the price range of 26,900-31,900 yuan.

Focusing on the sinking market, there are many competitors of Pentium Pony, such as Wuling Hongguang MINI EV, Changan Lumin, Geely Panda, Chery QQ Ice Cream, etc. Almost all of them have traditional car companies as endorsements, and they have formed a reputation and occupied a certain share in the market.

Under the fierce competition, in less than half a year, it can almost be verified that Pentium pony has the potential to explode. According to official data, in September and October this year, the retail sales of Pentium Pony exceeded 10,000 vehicles for two consecutive months, making it a new "online celebrity Pony" in the micro-electricity market.

The reason is that the Pentium pony backed by FAW has given users a sense of security in product manufacturing technology and core technology. Taking safety as an example, many test items of Pentium pony far exceed the national standard. Like IP68, the high-standard waterproof reaches twice the national standard, which has the advantages of no leakage in wading and no fire in impact. There are 53 healthy cockpit test items in four categories, including allergen test, and 98% of them far exceed the national standard.

Another reason for the rapid development of products may be differentiation. In terms of personalization, FAW Pentium first made it clear that it would not be a square box, and at the same time launched customized services. According to the official introduction, Pentium Pony will provide more than 100 personalized customization schemes.

This difference is also reflected in marketing. The official series of fun games such as Meng You endorsement, pony dance virus video, ever-changing tide change and fan party are constantly creative, attracting a big wave of traffic and popularity. This time, Pony Baoli, who joined hands with Pentium Pony, is also the innovative linkage of FAW Pentium.

Xiaoma Baoli is a girl-oriented IP created by Hasbro, an American toy company, in the 1980s. As one of the world’s classic popular IP, Pony Baoli is popular in more than 70 countries around the world, featuring six cute ponies with distinctive personality and liveliness, telling the story that "friendship is magic".

This linkage is consistent with the product nature of Pentium pony, and this classic role also helps Pentium pony break the circle in communication.

From a strategic point of view, Pentium pony shoulders the sales task, and it also represents the exploration and attempt of electrification transformation of FAW Pentium.

With very distinctive product features and just right marketing differences, Pentium Pony has made a good start for the electrification transformation of FAW Pentium. With the launch of the new version of the car, the sales of Pentium Pony will also reach a new high.

Text/Yilin

Editor/Zhao Yitang

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Notice of Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Wellness on Printing and Distributing Beijing Training Program for Integration of Medical Treatment and Prevention (2020 -2022)

Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Municipal Hospital Management Center, District Health and Health Committees, and relevant medical and health institutions:

　　In order to implement the Three-year Action Plan for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health Emergency Management System in Beijing (2020-2022) and strengthen the construction of public health system in our city, we hereby print and distribute the Beijing Training Plan for Medical Prevention Integration (2020 -2022) to you, please follow it. If you have any questions, please feedback to our Committee in time.

Beijing Municipal Health and Wellness Committee　　　　

December 1, 2020　　

　　(Contact person and contact information: Jingjing Shi, 83970736; Bai Bing, 83970737)

Beijing Medical and Prevention Integration Training Program (2020 -2022)

　　In order to implement the spirit of the opinions of the municipal party committee and municipal government on strengthening the construction of public health emergency management system and the requirements of the action plan, improve the ability of health professionals in disease prevention and control institutions, pre-hospital medical emergency institutions and secondary and tertiary medical institutions to deal with public health emergencies, and strengthen the integration of medical care and public health, this plan is formulated in light of the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　I. Guiding ideology

　　Guided by the integration of medical care and prevention, around the cross-training needs, improve the training system with the core of competence in dealing with public health emergencies. By carrying out standardized training to fill shortcomings, plug loopholes and strong and weak items, we will build a team of high-quality, skilled and capable medical and preventive compound backbone doctors, and further improve the emergency support ability and level of public health emergencies in the city.

　　Second, the training objectives

　　Through the planned and organized training on the integration of medical care and prevention, by 2022, the number of health professionals and technicians who have cross-trained among disease prevention and control institutions, pre-hospital medical emergency institutions and secondary and tertiary medical institutions in the city will reach more than 600, and a number of training bases and training materials combining public health with clinical medical care will be built.

　　Third, the training target

　　(a) two or three medical institutions to be promoted to vice high titles of internal medicine (including internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency department, general practice, infectious diseases) physicians.

　　(two) the emergency center intends to be promoted to the vice high title of clinician.

　　(three) the Center for Disease Control and Prevention intends to be promoted to a public health physician with the title of associate senior.

　　(4) Other doctors who voluntarily participate in the training.

　　Fourth, the training content

　　Clinicians in secondary and tertiary medical institutions mainly strengthen public health emergency ability, pre-hospital medical emergency ability and infectious disease diagnosis and treatment ability. Clinicians in emergency centers and public health doctors in centers for disease control and prevention mainly focus on strengthening the ability of clinical diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control of nosocomial infection and diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.

　　(A) public health emergency response capacity

　　Laws and regulations on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, key points and prevention and control schemes for emerging and sudden infectious diseases, health emergency response strategies for public health emergencies, skills in dealing with infectious diseases such as protection, isolation, transshipment and disinfection, epidemiological investigation techniques and other public health emergency knowledge and technologies. For details, please refer to the Detailed Rules for Public Health Emergency Response Training (Annex 1).

　　(B) clinical diagnosis and treatment and hospital infection prevention and control capabilities

　　For the key points, the diagnosis and treatment plan and early detection ability of new and sudden infectious diseases, the principle of treatment for critically ill patients, and the system and measures for prevention and control of nosocomial infection, please refer to the Training Rules for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention and Control of Hospital Infection (Annex 2) for specific requirements.

　　(3) Pre-hospital medical first aid ability

　　Pre-hospital medical first aid laws and regulations, basic first aid skills, on-site disposal principles, emergency response capabilities, etc. For specific requirements, please refer to the Detailed Rules for Pre-hospital Medical First Aid Training (Annex 3).

　　V. Training Form and Time

　　The integration training of medical care and prevention includes three training modules: course study, practical training and on-the-job training, and the cumulative training time is 6 months.

　　(A) course learning

　　Various laws and regulations, documents and work plans, basic theoretical knowledge, etc., take classroom teaching or internet plus teaching to carry out training.

　　(B) Practical training

　　The contents with high practical requirements, such as public health incident investigation and on-site disposal, personal protection and basic skills of clinical diagnosis and treatment, are carried out by interactive teaching methods combining scenario or simulation teaching, drills and skill assessment.

　　(3) Post exercise

　　According to the training needs and actual work arrangements, the trainees can go to the recognized training bases (including general hospitals, infectious disease hospitals, emergency centers and centers for disease control and prevention, etc.) for short-term training and on-the-job training, and the accumulated training period is not less than half a year before being promoted to the title of deputy senior high school. Among them, clinicians in secondary and tertiary medical institutions go to infectious disease hospitals for one month, emergency centers for not less than three months, and CDC for not less than two months (including course study and practical training); Doctors in emergency center and CDC should go to infectious disease hospital for further study for one month, and general hospital for further study for not less than five months (including course study and practical training).

　　Sixth, the training base

　　According to the training contents, the training bases for medical and prevention integration are the municipal and 16 district centers for disease control and prevention, Beijing Emergency Center, beijing ditan hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, and the hospitals where the national standardized training base for internal medicine residents is located. For the list, see the Directory of Beijing Medical and Prevention Integration Training Bases (Annex 4).

　　Seven, training registration, assessment and certification

　　(1) Registration

　　Those who apply for training should fill in the Registration Form of Beijing Medical Prevention Integration Training (Annex 5) and apply to the training department of their unit. After the unit summarizes, they should fill in the Summary Form of Beijing Medical Prevention Integration Training (Annex 6) and put forward training needs to the training base, and the training base will arrange training according to the needs. The specific registration schedule will be announced separately.

　　(2) Examination and certification

　　The training base will assess the personnel who have completed the training. After passing the assessment, the training base will record it on the Training Certificate of Beijing Medical Prevention Integration (Annex 7) and affix the official seal of the unit. "Beijing Medical Prevention Integration Training Certificate" is an important basis for my promotion to deputy senior title.

　　VIII. Safeguard measures

　　(A) to strengthen organizational management

　　The Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Wellness co-ordinates and manages the training of the integration of medical treatment and prevention in the whole city, sets up an expert committee on the integration of medical treatment and prevention, formulates training plans and detailed rules, makes full use of the high-quality resources of universities, public health institutions and medical institutions in Beijing, compiles training materials, compiles training courseware, organizes training, and supervises and assesses the training work in the whole city. The district health and wellness committees are responsible for mobilizing and deploying the cross-training of medical and prevention integration in medical and health institutions under their jurisdiction, organizing qualified trainees of relevant medical and health institutions to participate in the training, strengthening the construction of regional disease prevention and control centers and emergency stations, and assisting in the coordination and supervision of training. The training base is responsible for implementing the training plan according to the training requirements and registration arrangements, strictly conducting graduation examination, improving the safeguard measures, and effectively ensuring the training quality. The secondary and tertiary medical and health institutions, emergency centers (stations) and CDC shall, according to the training requirements, reasonably arrange relevant professionals to participate in the training, and provide necessary guarantee conditions for the trainees.

　　(B) improve the incentive measures

　　Medical and preventive integration training is included in the compulsory project management of continuing medical education at the municipal level, and continuing education credits can be obtained according to relevant regulations after completing the training. Physicians in internal medicine (internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency department, general practice, infectious diseases department) and emergency centers (stations) and centers for disease control and prevention at all levels in the second and third-level medical institutions in this city shall complete the training of medical prevention integration for not less than half a year before being promoted to the title of deputy high school, and the training time shall be included in the service time of medical personnel to rural grassroots or community health service institutions. From 2021 onwards, those who have completed the training of integration of medical care and prevention will be recommended for promotion first, and from 2023 onwards, it will be one of the necessary conditions for promotion. Other physicians who voluntarily participate in and complete the training of integration of medical care and prevention shall apply the provisions of this scheme and be recommended first before being promoted to the title of associate senior high school.

　　(3) Guarantee the investment of funds

　　The training funds for the integration of medical care and prevention are invested by the government, units and society. The municipal finance arranges special funds to ensure the compilation of teaching materials, courseware recording, practical teaching, supervision and assessment, etc. The training base provides necessary learning and living conditions for the implementation of training. The unit where the trainees work provides them with convenient conditions and guarantees their treatment during the training period. Encourage social funds to support the training of medical and prevention integration.

　　Attachment: 1. Detailed Rules for Training Public Health Emergency Response Capability

　　　　　2. Training rules for clinical diagnosis and treatment and hospital infection prevention and control ability

　　　　　3. Pre-hospital medical emergency ability training rules

　　　　　4. List of Beijing Medical Prevention Integration Training Bases

　　　　　5. Beijing Medical Prevention Integration Training Registration Form

　　　　　6. Beijing Medical Prevention Integration Training Summary Table

　　　　　7. Beijing Medical Prevention Integration Training Certificate

Annex 1

Detailed Rules for Training Public Health Emergency Response Ability

　　First, the basic knowledge of public health emergency management

　　(1) Training time: 6 hours of theoretical teaching and 6 hours of practical training.

　　(2) Training place: municipal and district disease prevention and control institutions.

　　(3) Training contents:

　　1. Be familiar with the contents of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in People’s Republic of China (PRC), and master the relevant rights, obligations and work requirements of employees in medical and health institutions.

　　2. Learn the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on the Administration of Public Health Emergencies, and understand the definition standards, disposal procedures and management requirements of major public health emergencies.

　　Second, infectious disease monitoring and management

　　(1) Training time: 12 hours of theoretical teaching and 1-2 weeks of practical training.

　　(2) Training place: municipal and district disease prevention and control institutions.

　　(3) Training contents:

　　1. Familiar with the legal infectious diseases and classification, understand the information reporting and management norms of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and master the management process and basic requirements of infectious disease epidemic monitoring report.

　　2. Be familiar with the operation and operation of the network direct reporting system of infectious diseases, and master the definition and standard of routine reporting information.

　　3. Master the principles, methods and main evaluation indexes of quality verification of infectious disease epidemic reports in medical institutions, and write quality evaluation reports.

　　Iii. Epidemiological investigation and on-site disposal

　　(1) Training time: 24 hours of theoretical teaching, 6 hours of practical training and 4-6 weeks of on-the-job training.

　　(2) Training place: municipal and district disease prevention and control institutions.

　　(3) Training contents:

　　1. Understand the concept of epidemic situation of infectious diseases, general principles and procedures for investigation and handling; To master the purpose, significance, basic principles and contents of epidemiological investigation.

　　2. Understand the definition, general investigation and handling principles and procedures of outbreaks, major epidemics and public health emergencies.

　　3. Understand the basic knowledge of diseases requiring case investigation and the main epidemic control measures.

　　4. Understand the judgment criteria, investigation and handling principles and handling procedures of clustering cases and outbreaks of key infectious diseases.

　　5. Master the principles, objectives, significance, technical standards and contents of the main control measures for infectious diseases. Including the judgment of close contacts and cases, isolation management, active search method, disinfection of environment and articles, protection of susceptible people, etc.

　　6. Master the collection and transportation methods and norms of biological samples and external environmental samples in the epidemic situation of infectious diseases.

　　7. Master the epidemiological investigation skills and the specifications and requirements for writing investigation reports.

Annex 2

Training rules for clinical diagnosis and treatment and hospital infection prevention and control ability

　　I. Training Time

　　Post exercise for 6 months, including 1 month in infectious disease hospital and 5 months in general hospital.

　　Second, the training place

　　Infectious disease specialist hospital (beijing ditan hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University and Beijing You ‘an Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University) and general hospital (Beijing standardized training base for resident doctors).

　　Third, the training content

　　(1) Personnel of public health institutions

(1) Personnel of public health institutions. png

　　Participate in the daily work and teaching activities of the Sense Control Department by participating in patient management, clinical rounds and various teaching activities. Learn professional theoretical knowledge and skills related to the training requirements of the ability of combining medical treatment with prevention.

　　Infectious Disease

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Master:

　　(1) Disinfection, isolation and protection measures for infectious diseases;

　　(2) novel coronavirus’s knowledge of etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles;

　　(3) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of influenza and avian influenza;

　　(4) legal infectious disease reporting and handling procedures.

　　Familiar with:

　　(1) Clinical epidemiology and prevention of nosocomial infection;

　　(2) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and plague;

　　(3) Principles of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of intestinal infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, amoebiasis and bacterial food poisoning; Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of norovirus-infected diarrhea;

　　(4) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis A, B, C and E; Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C;

　　(5) Etiological knowledge, natural history, clinical manifestations, primary screening and confirmation, and antiviral treatment principles of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS);

　　Understand:

　　(1) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of new Bunia virus infection (fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome);

　　(2) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika and malaria;

　　(3) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of anthrax and brucellosis; Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever

　　(4) Diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases;

　　(5) Pathogenesis and anti-shock treatment of sepsis and septic shock;

　　(6) Clinical application of antibacterial drugs.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) learning symptoms, disease requirements:

(1) learning symptoms, disease requirements. png

　　No less than 12 inpatients are required to participate in the management.

　　(2) Basic skill requirements:

　　Procedures for disinfection and isolation; Graded protection requirements. Carry out intensive practice rotation in fever clinic

　　3. Higher requirements

　　On the basis of basic requirements, you should also learn the following diseases and skills.

　　(1) learning diseases:

　　Diagnostic thinking of infectious mononucleosis, toxoplasmosis, rabies and fever of unknown origin.

　　(2) Clinical knowledge and skills requirements:

　　Lumbar puncture operation

　　Cardiovascular Department (1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Familiar with: the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common symptoms of cardiovascular system (including chest pain, dyspnea, palpitation and syncope); Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common cardiovascular diseases; Diagnosis and treatment of acute and severe cardiovascular diseases; Application of commonly used drugs for cardiovascular diseases; Common typical ECG diagnosis; Electrical defibrillation technology.

　　Understanding: Basic knowledge of cardiac electrophysiology, coronary angiography, PCI therapy, cardiac pacing, ambulatory electrocardiogram, ambulatory blood pressure and echocardiography.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) trainee symptoms, disease requirements

(1) trainee symptoms, disease requirements. png

　　It is required to participate in the management of at least 10 inpatients.

　　(2) Basic inspection and operation trainee

(2) Basic inspection and operation trainee. png

　　Respiratory medicine (1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Familiar with: the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cough, expectoration, hemoptysis and dyspnea; Epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment principles of upper respiratory tract infection and influenza; Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia; Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principles of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Clinical manifestations, principles of diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer; Concept, classification, clinical manifestations and principles of diagnosis and treatment of respiratory failure.

　　Understand: the pathogenic examination method of pneumonia, the operation method and clinical significance of bronchoscope and medical thoracoscope, the inhalation treatment of respiratory drugs, and the method of quitting smoking.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) Learning symptoms, diseases and cases:

(1) Learning symptoms, diseases and cases. png

　　Participate in the management of the number of inpatients is not less than 10 cases.

　　(2) Basic inspection and operation trainee

(2) Basic inspection and operation trainee. jpg

　　Emergency department (1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Mastery: Basic methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

　　Familiarity: clinical characteristics and preliminary treatment of common emergencies; Commonly used first aid drugs (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, anaphylactic shock, etc.).

　　Understand: emergency department working mode, triage grading standard, emergency department prevention and control workflow and special requirements of prevention and control, including nursing workflow and characteristics.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) Learn the disease requirements: common antibiotics for lung infection and treatment of drug-resistant infection, screening and disposal of emergency influenza cases, identification of rash caused by clinical drug allergy, and participation in the treatment of resuscitation cases from cardiac and respiratory arrest.

　　(2) Clinical first aid skills: master the implementation methods of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

　　Internal medicine ICU/ respiratory ICU/ comprehensive ICU (for one month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Familiar with: evaluation and transport of critically ill patients; Airway management; Basic hemodynamic monitoring; Clinical application of commonly used first-aid drugs (cardiopulmonary resuscitation and vasoactive drugs, antibacterial drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, antispasmodic and antiasthmatic drugs, etc.); Diagnosis, treatment and isolation of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

　　Understand: the basic principle and common modes of mechanical ventilation; Deep venous thromboembolism; Severe systemic infection and septic shock; Sedation and analgesia; Monitoring of nervous system function; Indications and clinical application of nutritional support.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) trainee symptoms, disease requirements

Probation symptoms, disease requirements. png

　　(2) Basic skills training

Basic skills trainee. png

　　Sensory control office (1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Master:

　　Laws, regulations, rules and regulations related to hospital infection management, key technologies of hospital infection prevention and control, including methods of hospital infection monitoring, principles of disinfection, standard prevention and isolation, prevention and control requirements of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection, prevention and control requirements of surgical site infection, monitoring and control requirements of central venous catheter-related infection, catheter-related urinary tract infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia, and key requirements of infection prevention and control in key departments such as operating room, disinfection supply center and infectious diseases department. Disease prevention and control hospital management process, medical staff’s own protection knowledge and skills, etc.

　　The legal and regulatory requirements, systems and processes of disease control, especially infectious disease management, infectious disease reports, management points of fever clinics, and the connection mechanism with hospital infection management and off-campus management departments.

　　Understand:

　　Diagnostic criteria of hospital infection cases, common methods and technical points of hospital disinfection, key points of isolation technology and key points and difficulties in implementation. Key points and difficulties in hospital infection prevention and control in key parts and departments. Difficulties in the implementation of disease prevention and control in hospitals.

　　Occupational protection of medical staff, monitoring of various diseases including respiratory infectious diseases and AFP, health education of patients, management of chronic diseases of patients, management of disease control information, etc.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) be familiar with the basic requirements and key points of relevant laws, regulations, systems and processes of hospital infection management.

　　(2) Complete hospital infection monitoring in 3 internal medicine wards, 3 surgical wards and 1 intensive care unit (completed under the guidance).

　　(3) Participate in monthly on-site supervision of wards and intensive care units.

　　(4) Complete the study of infection prevention and control points and supervision points in key departments such as operation department, disinfection supply center, intensive care unit, hemodialysis center and endoscopic center.

　　(5) to participate in the management and supervision of occupational protection of medical staff in the whole hospital.

　　(6) Be familiar with the laws, regulations, systems, processes, management principles and requirements of hospital infection prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　(7) Master the management requirements and key points of fever clinic.

　　(8) Grasp the key points and difficulties of infectious disease management, especially respiratory infectious disease management.

　　3. Higher requirements

　　(1) Management requirements for the rational use of antibacterial drugs.

　　(2) Participate in a project of hospital infection prevention and control and implement it.

　　(3) can independently handle and manage the hospital infection management in the ward.

　　(4) To design an investigation scheme for the cluster epidemic situation of hospital infection.

　　(5) Be able to independently inspect the work of infection control and infectious diseases in fever clinics.

　　(6) Be able to independently coordinate and handle the management requirements and procedures of patients with respiratory infectious diseases in the hospital.

　　(2) Personnel of pre-hospital medical emergency institutions

(2) Personnel of pre-hospital medical emergency institutions. png

　　Participate in the daily work and teaching activities of the Sense Control Department by participating in patient management, clinical rounds and various teaching activities. Learn professional theoretical knowledge related to the training requirements of the ability of combining medical treatment with prevention.

　　Infectious Disease

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Familiar with:

　　(1) Disinfection, isolation and protection measures for infectious diseases;

　　(2) novel coronavirus’s knowledge of etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles;

　　(3) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of influenza and avian influenza;

　　(4) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and plague;

　　(5) Principles of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of intestinal infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, amoebiasis and bacterial food poisoning; Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of norovirus-infected diarrhea;

　　(6) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis A, B, C and E; Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C;

　　(7) Etiological knowledge, natural history, clinical manifestations, primary screening and confirmation, and antiviral treatment principles of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS);

　　(8) Reporting and handling procedures for legal infectious diseases.

　　Understand:

　　(1) Clinical epidemiology and prevention of nosocomial infection;

　　(2) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of new Bunia virus infection (fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome);

　　(3) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika and malaria;

　　(4) Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of anthrax and brucellosis; Etiological knowledge, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis and treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever

　　(5) Diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases;

　　(6) Pathogenesis and anti-shock treatment of sepsis and septic shock;

　　(7) Clinical application of antibacterial drugs.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) learning symptoms, disease requirements:

Learning symptoms and disease requirements:. png

　　No less than 12 inpatients are required to participate in the management.

　　(2) Basic skill requirements:

　　Procedures for disinfection and isolation; Graded protection requirements. Carry out intensive practice rotation in fever clinic

　　3. Higher requirements

　　On the basis of basic requirements, you should also learn the following diseases and skills.

　　(1) learning diseases:

　　Diagnostic thinking of infectious mononucleosis, toxoplasmosis, rabies and fever of unknown origin.

　　(2) Clinical skill requirements:

　　Lumbar puncture operation (2 cases on probation).

　　Emergency department (1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Master: classification standard of patients admitted in hospital, judgment of disease severity, disease severity and risk score, diagnosis and treatment process of chest pain center, and diagnosis and treatment process of stroke center; Master the reporting process and prevention and control points of infectious diseases in emergency; Basic theory and progress of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); Diagnostic thinking, differential diagnosis and treatment of common emergencies; Selection, result judgment and clinical significance of auxiliary examination for common emergencies; Rational clinical use of commonly used first-aid drugs (cardiopulmonary resuscitation and vasoactive drugs, cardiotonic diuretics, antispasmodic and antiasthmatic drugs, analgesics, hemostatic drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, etc.).

　　Understand: the principles of handling various crises (such as hypertension crisis, thyroid crisis, etc.), serious disorder of water electrolyte and acid-base balance.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) learning symptoms, disease requirements:

Learning symptoms and disease requirements -1.png

　　The total number of patients who are required to participate in the consultation and treatment is not less than 50.

　　(2) Basic skill requirements:

Basic skill requirements -1.png

　　3. Higher requirements

　　On the basis of basic requirements, you should also learn the following diseases and skills.

　　(1) disease requirements: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

　　(2) Clinical knowledge and skill requirements: the basic clinical application of invasive ventilation.

　　(3) Report 2 clinical cases (PPT presentation)

　　Respiratory medicine (1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Master: the diagnostic thinking and differential diagnosis of hemoptysis, chest pain and dyspnea; Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common respiratory diseases (pneumonia, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, respiratory failure and pneumothorax); Usage and rational application of inhaled drugs; Indications and contraindications of bronchoscopy and medical thoracoscope examination and treatment; Interpretation of arterial blood gas analysis.

　　Understanding: lung cancer, sleep apnea hypopnea, pleural effusion; Mechanical ventilation and noninvasive ventilation technology; Atomization therapy; Interpretation of lung function examination.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) Learning symptoms, diseases and cases:

(1) Learning symptoms, diseases and cases. png

　　It is required to participate in the management of at least 10 inpatients.

　　(2) Basic skills training:

Basic skills trainee -1.png

　　3. Higher requirements

　　On the basis of basic requirements, you should also learn the following diseases and skills.

　　(1) learning diseases:

　　Lung cancer, tuberculosis, pleural effusion, sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

　　(2) Clinical knowledge and skills requirements:

　　Probation: bronchoscopy, pulmonary function examination, polysomnography and respiratory monitoring. Imaging examination and interpretation of common respiratory diseases;

　　Participation: mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation.

　　(3) Requirements for foreign language, teaching, scientific research and other abilities:

　　Complete a foreign literature review or reading report, and participate in teaching and research activities.

　　Cardiovascular Department (1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Master: applied anatomy and physiology of cardiovascular system; Anatomical and functional characteristics of cardiac conduction system; Diagnostic ideas and differential diagnosis of common symptoms of cardiovascular system (including chest pain, dyspnea, palpitation, syncope and dizziness); Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of common cardiovascular diseases; Diagnosis and treatment of acute and severe cardiovascular diseases; Rational use of commonly used drugs for cardiovascular diseases; Chest x-ray manifestations of common cardiac morphological abnormalities; Common typical ECG diagnosis; Electrical defibrillation technology.

　　Understanding: Basic knowledge of cardiac electrophysiology, coronary angiography, PCI therapy, pericardiocentesis, cardiac pacing, ambulatory electrocardiogram, ambulatory blood pressure and echocardiography.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) Learning symptoms, diseases and cases:

Requirements for learning symptoms, diseases and cases -1.png

　　No less than 15 inpatients are required to participate in the management.

　　(2) Basic skills training:

　　3. Higher requirements

　　On the basis of basic requirements, you should also learn the following diseases and skills.

　　(1) learning diseases:

　　Pericardial disease, pulmonary vascular disease, infective endocarditis, common adult congenital heart disease.

　　(2) Clinical knowledge and skills requirements:

　　Understanding: pericardiocentesis, temporary cardiac pacing.

　　Interpretation of the report: ambulatory blood pressure, ambulatory electrocardiogram and echocardiography.

　　(3) Requirements for foreign language, teaching, scientific research and other abilities:

　　Complete a foreign literature review or reading report, and participate in teaching and research activities.

　　Internal medicine ICU/ respiratory ICU/ general ICU(1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Master: diagnosis and emergency treatment of common critical diseases; Evaluation and transport of critically ill patients; Airway management; Basic principles and common modes of mechanical ventilation; Basic hemodynamic monitoring; Clinical application of commonly used first aid drugs (cardiopulmonary resuscitation and vasoactive drugs, antihypertensive drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, antispasmodic and antiasthmatic drugs, antiepileptic drugs, etc.); Infection and clinical application of antibacterial drugs; Indications of blood transfusion; Indications and clinical application of nutritional support; Diagnosis and treatment of acid-base imbalance and electrolyte disorder.

　　Understanding: Advanced cardiac life support therapy (ACLS); Tension pneumothorax; Venous thromboembolic diseases; Severe systemic infection and septic shock; Bedside respiratory function monitoring (airway resistance, respiratory system compliance); Bedside cardiac output monitoring (preload, afterload, myocardial contractility); Sedation and analgesia; Monitoring of nervous system function (intracranial pressure, jugular bulb oxygen saturation).

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) Learning symptoms, diseases and cases:

Requirements for learning symptoms, diseases and cases -2.png

　　It is required to participate in the management of at least 10 inpatients.

　　(2) Basic skills training:

Basic Skills Internship -2.png

　　3. Higher requirements

　　On the basis of basic requirements, you should also learn the following diseases and skills.

　　(1) disease requirements:

　　Tension pneumothorax, venous thromboembolic diseases, severe systemic infection and septic shock.

　　(2) Clinical knowledge and skills requirements:

　　Arterial puncture (operation), bedside cardiac output and respiratory function monitoring, head, chest and abdomen imaging examination and interpretation, nervous system function monitoring, tension pneumothorax diagnosis and treatment.

　　(3) Requirements for foreign language, teaching, scientific research and other abilities:

　　1 foreign literature review or reading report; Participate in teaching and scientific research activities.

　　Sensory control office (1 month)

　　1. Rotation purpose

　　Master: requirements, systems and processes of relevant laws and regulations on hospital infection management and infectious disease management, key technologies of hospital infection prevention and control, including methods of hospital infection monitoring, standard prevention, principles of hand hygiene and disinfection, isolation principle, requirements for hospital infection prevention and control of multi-drug resistant bacteria, and disposal of medical wastes. Emergency plan for prevention and control of nosocomial infection, knowledge and skills of medical staff’s own protection, hospital management process of disease prevention and control, and requirements for reporting infectious diseases.

　　Understand: the commonly used methods and technical points of hospital disinfection, the key points of isolation technology and the key and difficult points of implementation. Difficulties in hospital implementation of disease prevention and control.

　　2. Basic requirements

　　(1) through the diagnosis and treatment work, master the hospital infection management and infectious disease management related laws and regulations, systems and processes.

　　(2) Master the principles and reporting requirements of hospital infection prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　(3) Through clinical diagnosis and treatment, master the standard prevention, hand hygiene, prevention and control measures of multi-drug resistant bacteria infection, etc.

　　(4) Through clinical diagnosis and treatment, master the reporting requirements of pre-inspection and triage and infectious diseases.

　　(5) Through clinical practice, master the classification requirements of medical staff’s self-protection, the corresponding protection skills and the emergency treatment process of occupational exposure.

　　(6) Through drills, master the emergency plan and disposal process of hospital infection prevention and control.

　　3. Higher requirements

　　(1) through the diagnosis and treatment work, master the hospital infection monitoring methods and diagnostic criteria.

　　(2) Master the rational use of antibacterial drugs.

　　(3) Complete the study of infection prevention and control points and supervision points in key departments such as emergency department, ward, operation department, disinfection supply center, intensive care unit, hemodialysis center and endoscopic center.

　　(4) Understand the requirements and measures of isolation and the classification and disposal of medical wastes.

　　(5) Be familiar with the specific requirements and measures of infection prevention and control in various invasive operations.

　　Fourth, training registration

　　(1) CDC unit: Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　Tel: 64407255

　　(2) Pre-hospital medical emergency system Unit: Beijing Emergency Center

　　Tel: 66098037

Annex 3

Detailed rules for pre-hospital medical first aid ability training

　　I. Training Time

　　On-the-job training lasts for 3 months, including 1 week of rotation training, 1 week of internship with the car and 10 weeks of independent duty.

　　Second, the training place

　　Beijing Emergency Center and emergency center stations in all districts (excluding Xicheng District)

　　Third, the training content

　　(1) Rotation training

　　Pre-hospital medical emergency work flow, the use of commonly used emergency supplies and equipment, the handling and transshipment of patients, the identification and disposal of common acute and critical patients in pre-hospital medical emergency, the four basic techniques of trauma, the classification and on-site disposal of emergencies, etc.

　　(2) Internship with the car

　　One-on-one internship with the car under the guidance of the teaching teacher, familiar with the daily workflow of pre-hospital medical first aid, and master the contents learned in the theoretical training course.

　　(3) Independent duty service

　　Independent completion of pre-hospital medical emergency work, in principle, according to the way of 4 shifts and 2 operations, that is, day shift, night shift, night shift and rest, the specific emergency center station is responsible for management.

Annex 4-7.png

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