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Barbecue is delicious, but you must do these eight points for health!

The following article comes from China, the author of Science Popularization, Xue Qingxin.

Cop China.

Public science popularization and scientific communication

Why does barbecue smell good?

The origin of barbecue is very early, and it has been started since our primate ancestors. The love for barbecue can be said to go deep into the soul. Few people can control their desire for the smell of barbecue food. The smell of barbecue coming from the streets is really tempting, not to mention the lively atmosphere of barbecue all over the city!

Then why does the barbecue smell so good?

The most common barbecue is charcoal barbecue, which can give food a unique aroma mainly for two reasons.

1. Maillard reaction

During the barbecue of food, the amino acids decomposed by protein will have Maillard reaction with the reducing sugar in food or marinade, which can give food a unique aroma and attractive color.

2. Flavor droplets

Flavor droplets are the key to the flavor formation of barbecue food. After burning, food droplets will emit many aromatic compounds to cover the food.

For example, the drippings of fruit juice contain sugar, protein and oil, and the drippings of meat contain a lot of fat, which will be burnt at the high temperature of charcoal and excited into aromatic molecules to return to the smoke, giving food an aromatic taste.

The combination of these two flavors makes people drool over barbecue.

Why advise you to eat less barbecue?

Barbecue is delicious, but you should not eat it often. In order to persuade you to eat less barbecue, I have properly sorted out many reasons.

Step 1 get fat

Fat and thin kebabs especially capture people’s hearts, such as pork belly, soy sauce tendons, fat and thin, and even cooked tendons, skin and fat intestines … You may brush oil over and over again during the barbecue. The reason why these kebabs are delicious is that they are high in fat, so they taste good, and the calories are naturally not low. Eating them often will inevitably increase the risk of obesity, which is not conducive to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health.

2. It is not conducive to controlling blood pressure

The salt content of pickled kebabs and the dipping sauce is not low, so eating them often is not conducive to controlling blood pressure.

3. It is not conducive to controlling blood uric acid.

Barbecues, especially those in coastal areas, have more meat and seafood, and often drink beer at the same time, which will make us consume more purine, which may lead to an increase in blood uric acid. Patients with hyperuricemia and gout should pay special attention to eating moderately.

4. There are carcinogens

Barbecue belongs to high-temperature cooking, and the highest temperature can reach 370℃. At this high temperature, meat will produce heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, both of which are carcinogens, and the content of carcinogens will gradually increase with the increase of temperature and time.

As we all know, 3,4- benzopyrene is the highest class 1 carcinogen, which is definitely carcinogenic to human beings. It belongs to one kind of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which is the most toxic and accounts for a large proportion, so it is the most representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with strong carcinogenicity. In the way of ingesting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through diet, fried and grilled foods account for 88%~98%. [1]

In addition, foods with high carbohydrate content, such as steamed bread, bread, potato chips, etc., will produce acrylamide during barbecue, which belongs to category 2A carcinogen. It has been confirmed that it will cause cancer in animals, but the evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is limited.

5. Air pollution

The burning and incomplete burning of charcoal for barbecue will produce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The former is a kind of greenhouse gas, while the latter is a toxic gas. The smoke from barbecue contains toxic and harmful substances such as dioxins, nitrosamines and heterocyclic amines, among which dioxins not only cause cancer, but also have reproductive toxicity and genetic toxicity. The smoke contains particles such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the concentration is off the charts! Relevant tests by environmental NGOs show that the concentration of PM2.5 in barbecue intensive areas is 1 meter, 10 meters and 100 meters away from the oven, which is far higher than that in non-barbecue areas, and PM10 can also cause haze weather, which seriously harms the health of respiratory system. [2]

How to reduce injuries?

Since there are health risks while eating barbecue, how can people who like to eat barbecue eat relatively healthily? In order to let everyone enjoy the food happily, the following eight points are best arranged.

Step 1 don’t burn

The higher the barbecue temperature and time, the higher the carcinogen content. It is best to remove the burnt place and not eat it, because the more burnt the place, the higher the carcinogen content. After baking, you should wipe the head of the barbecue label before eating.

For example, it is reasonable to have a small stove on each table of Zibo BBQ, and the degree to which the meat is roasted can be completely in your own hands. It is suggested that the meat can be eaten when it is completely cooked, and don’t wait for it to dry and paste.

2. Choose more lean meat

Lean meat is low in fat, which is helpful for weight control. Moreover, if the fat content is high, it will further promote the formation of carcinogens, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are most likely to be produced at high temperature. Lean meat may have lower carcinogen content than fat and thin kebabs, and it can also reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids.

3. Don’t just eat meat

Many people eat kebabs all over the table, which will lead to high meat intake, which is not conducive to cardiovascular health. If you eat so much meat often, you will increase the risk of developing diseases such as type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer and obesity. [3] Therefore, it is best to mix some staple foods, vegetables and bean products, which will help to enhance satiety and control meat intake.

Zibo barbecue, for example, is very good. Burritos are the staple food, and shallots are vegetables, but the taste is spicy.

Step 4 match fresh fruits and vegetables

Fresh fruits and vegetables are rich in dietary fiber and antioxidant components, such as lycopene, carotene and anthocyanin. Tomatoes, Chinese cabbage, cherry tomatoes, leeks, oil-wheat vegetables, sweet peppers, colored peppers, etc., when eaten with barbecue, can reduce the harm of carcinogens in barbecue to the body.

5. Microwave before baking

Microwave pretreatment can significantly reduce the production of heterocyclic amines in meat, because microwave can reduce the water content in food, so that the "raw materials" that form carcinogens can not seep out to the surface of meat to participate in the reaction with water, thus significantly reducing the production of heterocyclic amines.

The results showed that the total amount of heterocyclic amines in half-cooked chicken and beef pretreated by microwave decreased by 24% and 21% respectively, while the total amount of heterocyclic amines in fully cooked samples decreased by 35% and 42% respectively. [1]

In addition, microwave pretreatment can significantly reduce the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in barbecue products, which may be due to shortening the barbecue time.

Therefore, if you barbecue food at home by yourself, you can microwave the meat until it is 67% cooked or fully cooked before roasting.

Step 6 marinate with spices

Pretreatment of food with spices can significantly inhibit the formation of harmful substances such as heterocyclic amines, acrylamide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food. This may be because spices generally have strong free radical scavenging ability, which can significantly inhibit the free radical reaction of meat products during high temperature processing. [1]

You can marinate the meat with garlic juice, onion, red pepper, Chili powder, ginger, black pepper, thirteen spices and so on before baking.

7. Put less or no soy sauce

Soy sauce can promote the formation of heterocyclic amines, and it is best to put less or not.

8. Barbecue style

Compared with charcoal roasting, electric roasting is more recommended, and the amount of harmful substances generated by electric roasting is lower. It was found that the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was 24 μg/kg when sausages were roasted by electric roasting, and it increased to 51 μg/kg when sausages were roasted by charcoal, which was nearly 2 times higher than that by electric roasting. [4]

In addition, gas barbecue and stone barbecue can also effectively reduce the content of carcinogens in barbecue meat products.

summary

Let’s be realistic. No matter where the barbecue is, it’s not healthy food. Here, it’s good to remind everyone to relieve their cravings occasionally. Maybe it’s just right to have a barbecue once in a while. Remember to drink less wine and drink less sweet drinks when eating barbecue ~

Original title: "Barbecue is delicious, but healthy skewers should do these 8 points! 》

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Rumors of supply-side production cuts disturb market sentiment. Soda futures staged a market that exceeded expectations.

　　Last trading week (November 6-10), soda ash futures rose again, which attracted great attention from investors. The insiders believe that the recent increase of soda ash disk exceeds market expectations, and the main reason is still the disturbance of the supply side. There is still the possibility of variables in the supply side in the market outlook, and the disk fluctuation is still expected to be large. It is recommended to pay attention to the current price change of heavy soda, the resumption of production of individual devices and the production of Yuanxing.

　　On November 10th, 2401, the main contract of soda ash futures, rose all the way from the opening, and hit the daily limit at the end of the session, with an increase of 10.04%, closing at 2126 yuan/ton and returning above the 2000 yuan/ton mark. The weekly increase is close to 19%. Looking at the extended time period, the main contract of soda ash futures has recorded gains in all trading days since this month, achieving eight consecutive gains, with a cumulative increase of nearly 23%.

　　Zhongtai Futures believes that the main reason for the sharp rise of soda ash disk is still the disturbance of the supply side. Last Thursday, the market news spread that some alkali plants in Qinghai will further reduce production. Under the low inventory, alkali plants in Qinghai began to close orders, and some alkali plants expected to raise their quotations. Due to the unexpected decrease in the supply end and the fact that the third line of Yuanxing has not yet been fed, the market’s expectations for the supply and demand of soda ash in recent months have changed. If the subsequent environmental protection and limited production in Qinghai continue and the release of new production capacity is less than expected, the heavy alkali inventory of soda plant will continue to go to the warehouse at a low level, and the soda ash industry will once again face the phenomenon of tight supply, and market panic may drive the disk to rise sharply.

　　Nanhua futures analyzed that the recent increase in soda ash exceeded market expectations. On the one hand, it may be because the short positions were too crowded before, and the increment brought by the future supply side was traded in advance. When the supply side suffered unexpected losses, the rebound market driven by capital sentiment would be particularly significant; On the other hand, it is the improvement of macro-mood, but this is only the mood driven by phased funds. The supply of soda ash is very certain, and the industrial supply is about to return to normal, and the overall downward trend remains unchanged.

　　According to market rumors that the third and fourth phases of Yuanxing Energy will be put into production later, Yuanxing Energy said that the third production line is scheduled to be put into production in late November, and the feeding time of the fourth production line will be determined according to the trial run of the third production line. At present, the soda plant of the company is running normally.

　　Looking forward to the market outlook, can the price of soda ash stabilize? Dongzheng Futures believes that, in terms of futures price, although the market is in the stage of weakening long-term drive and strengthening short-term drive, investors are advised to do a good job in position management because of the large discount rate of far-month contracts and the strong performance of coal prices, and there is still the possibility of variables on the supply side.

　　Nanhua futures said that, on the whole, the continuous accumulation pattern can be basically determined, and the supply of soda ash will gradually change from loose to surplus in the case of continuous release of new production and no explosive growth of downstream demand. On the face of it, the current main contract of soda ash should not be too bearish in the short term, and the market trading sentiment is obviously reduced. Although the positions remain high, the trading volume is obviously reduced. In the near future, it is suggested to pay attention to the current price change of heavy caustic soda, the resumption of production of individual units and the commissioning of Yuanxing.


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Quality inspection report： sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads)

□ Historical Records of Senior Engineer and Gao Jun of National Paper Quality Inspection Center

  Sanitary napkins and pads are designed for women’s physiological period, which are simple to use and convenient to carry, and are indispensable necessities for every adult woman.

The product structure of sanitary napkins and sanitary pads mainly has three layers: the first layer is the surface layer, which is in direct contact with the skin. The main material is non-woven fabric, perforated film or pure cotton surface layer, which plays a role in infiltration and isolation; The second layer is the absorption layer, the main material is fluff pulp or dust-free paper, and most products also contain polymer absorbent resin to absorb and lock the menstrual blood flowing out; The third layer is the bottom layer, the main material is polyethylene film to prevent menstrual blood leakage, and the back is coated with hot melt adhesive for fixing.

    product classification

1. According to the surface material, it is generally divided into three categories: soft cotton, dry mesh and pure cotton. Soft cotton refers to products whose surface layer is made of nonwoven materials; Dry mesh refers to the products whose surface layer is made of perforated film; Pure cotton refers to products whose surface layer is made of pure cotton material. With the diversified development of products, there will be other kinds of products with surface materials.

2. According to the structure, it can be divided into straight sanitary napkins (see Figure 1) and wing sanitary napkins (see Figure 2).

3. According to the time of use and the amount of absorption, it is generally divided into two categories: daily use and night use. The length of daily sanitary napkins is about 245mm, while the length of night sanitary napkins is above 285 mm.

4. According to the product function, it can be divided into ordinary type and functional type. Among them, functional sanitary napkins mainly add specific ingredients to products or achieve specific effects, such as antibacterial and deodorizing products.

With the market segmentation and product differentiation of sanitary napkin products, the product classification is constantly changing. At present, there are also products such as maternity and infant dual-purpose towels, mini-towels, specialty or super-long towels on the market to meet the needs of different periods and different groups of people.

    General situation of industry

According to the statistical data of the Household Paper Committee of China Paper Association, there were 916 sanitary towel manufacturers registered at the end of 2012, mainly distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Tianjin and other places.

In 2012, the total sales of the top 15 sanitary towel manufacturers in China accounted for about 86.2% of the total sales, and the industry concentration was greatly improved compared with the previous year. The main brands are Hushubao, Anerle, Sophie, kotex, Jiaoshuang, Leya, ABC, etc. The leading manufacturers are mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Guangdong, Fujian and other places.

With the development of science and technology and the application of new materials, there are more and more kinds and specifications of sanitary napkins and pads. At present, the market performance of sanitary towel industry in China mainly includes the following aspects:

The brands of multinational corporations dominate the high-end market. With its strong advertising strength and R&D advantages, multinational companies occupy most of the market share of high-end products. According to the data of the new generation market monitoring organization, the top three sanitary towel brands in 2012 were Hushubao, Sophie and Qidu Space, and the top three sanitary towel brands with the highest consumer loyalty were Hushubao, ABC and Sophie.

Market sales continued to grow. Since 1985, the sanitary napkin market has entered a mature stage after more than 20 years of development, and few powerful large enterprises have entered this field. The increase of market supply mainly depends on the expansion of large and medium-sized enterprises. Compared with the global average growth level (2% ~ 3%), China’s sanitary napkin market is a fast-growing market, on the one hand, because China’s market is constantly infiltrating into third-and fourth-tier cities and towns, on the other hand, because Shanghai, Beijing and other big cities have reached the level of moderately developed countries, women change sanitary napkins more frequently during their physiological period, and the per capita consumption of consumers has increased.

Products are constantly upgrading and innovating. Due to the improvement of consumption level and the demand of professional women, wing sanitary napkins have almost completely replaced straight sanitary napkins, and a small number of straight sanitary napkins are mainly sold to rural areas and underdeveloped areas in the west. At the same time, due to the increasingly high demand for product grades, the demand for high-quality high-end products and differentiated products is also increasing. Accordingly, in order to endow products with differentiated characteristics and added value, enterprises further subdivide products, and make innovations in emphasizing product comfort, paying equal attention to function and fashion, and packaging.

According to the statistical data of the Household Paper Committee of China Paper Association, there were 916 sanitary towel manufacturers registered at the end of 2012, mainly distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Tianjin and other places.

In 2012, the total sales of the top 15 sanitary towel manufacturers in China accounted for about 86.2% of the total sales, and the industry concentration was greatly improved compared with the previous year. The main brands are Hushubao, Anerle, Sophie, kotex, Jiaoshuang, Leya, ABC, etc. The leading manufacturers are mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Guangdong, Fujian and other places.

With the development of science and technology and the application of new materials, there are more and more kinds and specifications of sanitary napkins and pads. At present, the market performance of sanitary towel industry in China mainly includes the following aspects:

The brands of multinational corporations dominate the high-end market. With its strong advertising strength and R&D advantages, multinational companies occupy most of the market share of high-end products. According to the data of the new generation market monitoring organization, the top three sanitary towel brands in 2012 were Hushubao, Sophie and Qidu Space, and the top three sanitary towel brands with the highest consumer loyalty were Hushubao, ABC and Sophie.

Market sales continued to grow. Since 1985, the sanitary napkin market has entered a mature stage after more than 20 years of development, and few powerful large enterprises have entered this field. The increase of market supply mainly depends on the expansion of large and medium-sized enterprises. Compared with the global average growth level (2% ~ 3%), China’s sanitary napkin market is a fast-growing market, on the one hand, because China’s market is constantly infiltrating into third-and fourth-tier cities and towns, on the other hand, because Shanghai, Beijing and other big cities have reached the level of moderately developed countries, women change sanitary napkins more frequently during their physiological period, and the per capita consumption of consumers has increased.

Products are constantly upgrading and innovating. Due to the improvement of consumption level and the demand of professional women, wing sanitary napkins have almost completely replaced straight sanitary napkins, and a small number of straight sanitary napkins are mainly sold to rural areas and underdeveloped areas in the west. At the same time, due to the increasingly high demand for product grades, the demand for high-quality high-end products and differentiated products is also increasing. Accordingly, in order to endow products with differentiated characteristics and added value, enterprises further subdivide products, and make innovations in emphasizing product comfort, paying equal attention to function and fashion, and packaging.

    Standard interpretation

Standard general situation

After continuous revision and improvement, the current product standard of sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) in China implements GB/T8939-2008 "Sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads)", which has been adopted and implemented by most enterprises in the industry, playing an important role in improving product quality, standardizing industry development and protecting consumers’ rights and interests. The hygienic standard shall be GB15979-2002 Hygienic Standard for Disposable Sanitary Articles.

GB15979-2002 "Hygienic Standard for Disposable Hygienic Articles" is a compulsory national standard, which came into effect on September 1, 2002. This standard stipulates the sanitary standards for sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) products and production environment, corresponding inspection methods, sanitary requirements for raw materials and products during production, disinfection, storage and transportation, and product identification requirements.

GB/T 8939-2008 "Sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads)" is a recommended national standard, which was implemented on September 1, 2008. The standard stipulates the requirements of performance, hygiene and raw materials, test methods, inspection rules and marks, packaging, transportation and storage.

    Key index analysis

1. Health indicators

Hygienic index is the most important and basic index of sanitary towel (including sanitary pad) products. Unqualified health indicators will do harm to the health of users. GB15979 -2002 "Hygienic Standard for Disposable Hygienic Articles" stipulates that the sanitary indicators of sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) include the total number of bacterial colonies, the total number of fungal colonies, coliforms and pathogenic pyogenic bacteria (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus). See Table 1 below for specific requirements.

2. Technical indicators

Technical indicators relate to the performance of sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads), mainly including water absorption rate, infiltration amount, pH value and other items.

Water absorption rate refers to the absorption capacity of sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) products. It mainly examines whether the absorption layer of sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) can meet the needs of use. The higher the absorption rate, the greater the absorption capacity of the absorption layer. GB/T 8939-2008 "Sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads)" stipulates that the water absorption rate of sanitary napkins is ≥7.0 times, and that of sanitary pads is ≥2.0 times.

The improvement of water absorption rate mainly depends on adding polymer water absorption resin into the absorption layer, but excessive pursuit of high water absorption rate will increase production cost and may also cause waste of resources.

Infiltration this is an index to measure the penetration rate of test liquid to the surface of sanitary towel, and it is one of the important indexes of sanitary towel products. The large amount of penetration indicates that the sanitary towel product has fast penetration and good absorbability. GB/T 8939-2008 "Sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads)" stipulates that the penetration of sanitary napkins is ≥1.8g, and sanitary pads are not assessed.

PH This is an index to measure the irritation of sanitary towel (including sanitary pad) products to the skin. Human skin is weakly acidic (the pH value of healthy skin is 5.0 ~ 5.6), and the standard GB/T 8939-2008 Sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) stipulates that the pH value of sanitary napkins and sanitary pad products should be 4.0 ~ 9.0.

    use

The sanitary requirements for reasonable purchase and proper storage of sanitary napkins are very strict, and the closer to the production date, the more guaranteed the quality. Don’t put the purchased sanitary napkins in the bathroom when they are stored, so as to avoid breeding mold and polluting sanitary napkins due to dark and humid environment.

People who should wash their hands before use have a lot of bacteria on their hands. When opening sanitary napkins, try not to touch the surface of sanitary napkins with your hands to avoid secondary pollution. It is best to wash your hands before use.

Combined use, timely replace the wing protection available during the day, and use the night type at night; Usually you can use the standard type; It can also be used in combination with ultra-thin or mini sanitary napkins or pads, which is safe and comfortable on the one hand and saves money on the other. In addition, because the blood is rich in nutrients, it is easy to become a "culture medium" for bacteria to breed, so when using sanitary napkins, you must be diligent in replacing them, and it is best not to use each sanitary napkin for more than 3 hours.

Main quality problems

Since 1992, the state has organized 15 national supervision and spot checks on the quality of sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads), among which sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) were supervised and spot-checked for five consecutive years from 2008 to 2012. The main problems found in the spot checks are as follows:

    Hygienic indicators of individual products are unqualified.

The unqualified sanitary indicators of sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) are mainly due to the total number of bacterial colonies and fungal colonies exceeding the standard, and no coliform bacteria and pathogenic pyogenic bacteria have been detected.

The main reason for the unqualified health indicators is that the health indicators of raw materials are not up to standard, and individual enterprises use low-priced raw materials or even inferior raw materials in order to reduce costs. GB15979 -2002 "Hygienic Standard for Disposable Sanitary Articles" clearly stipulates raw materials: it is forbidden to use discarded sanitary articles as raw materials or semi-finished products. In the supervision and spot check, it was found that the surface layer of individual sanitary towel products was dirty, and after the surface layer material was opened, its absorption layer was mixed with some debris, which was due to the use of waste sanitary products as raw materials, and the hygienic index of such products far exceeded the standard requirements. In addition, some enterprises do not have a sound health system, the production environment is messy and unclean, and the production process and packaging process are not isolated from the outside world, so that semi-finished products and finished products are polluted in the production process, which is also the reason for the unqualified product health indicators.

The infiltration of some sanitary towel products is unqualified.

The unqualified penetration of sanitary towel products shows that sanitary towel products have no good permeability, so the absorption layer can’t play its role, and the product itself loses its use value, and liquid leakage will occur during use.

The main reason for the unqualified penetration of sanitary towel products is the poor penetration ability of the surface coating materials of sanitary towel products. Most of these products are dry mesh products, and the raw materials used for the surface layer of dry mesh products are generally perforated films. In order to reduce costs, some production enterprises use low-priced or even inferior perforated films, which can not play a role in penetration at all.

The pH value of some sanitary pad products exceeds the standard.

PH value is an important performance index of sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads). Sanitary napkins (including sanitary pads) are in contact with human skin during use. If the pH value exceeds the standard range, too high or too low will irritate the skin and cause skin allergies and other symptoms.

Through supervision and spot check in recent years, it is found that the unqualified pH value is mainly sanitary pad products, and the unqualified reason is mainly due to the unqualified pH value of raw materials. There are many raw materials for producing sanitary pads, including non-woven fabrics, perforated films, absorbent paper, release paper, hot melt adhesive, etc. Any high or low pH value of raw materials will cause the pH value of sanitary pads to exceed the standard range.

    choose and buy

Complete product packaging marks The sanitary napkin packaging should have the following marks: product name, implementation standard number, trademark, enterprise name, address, contact information, variety specification, contained quantity, production date and shelf life or production batch number and limited use date, main production raw materials, etc. Sanitary napkins with complete labels should be selected, and products produced recently should be selected as far as possible.

Appearance distinguishes the advantages and disadvantages of sanitary napkins. The sealing of each outer package and independent small package should be smooth and free from air leakage. A good sanitary towel should have a clean surface, uniform thickness and intact sealing. In addition, from the hand feel, a good sanitary towel is made of fluff pulp with strong absorption and good bulkiness, so it is light and soft. If mixed with other pulp, leftovers, etc., sanitary napkins are heavy and hard.

We should pay attention to our own feelings. At present, there are many kinds of sanitary napkins, all of which have their own characteristics. Generally speaking, pure cotton sanitary napkins have fast absorption speed, good anti-infiltration performance of dry mesh, and appropriate medical sanitary napkins have health care functions. However, due to the different physical qualities of each person, the feelings of sanitary napkins will be different. For example, some people feel that the mesh surface is dry, some people feel that the mesh surface is uncomfortable to contact with the skin, and some people are allergic to medical sanitary napkins. Therefore, we should choose the kind that suits us best according to the actual feeling of our use.

Generally speaking, large sanitary towel enterprises have a good production environment, strict management and strict monitoring of physical properties and hygiene indicators, and many of them have passed the quality system certification. The safety of sanitary napkins selected by these enterprises can be relatively guaranteed.

Be careful of sanitary napkins made of foreign garbage. According to relevant reports, with the expansion of domestic sanitary napkin market, some small enterprises import waste scraps from foreign manufacturers to produce sanitary napkins with fluff pulp from diapers, diapers and sanitary napkins, and put them on the market, so it is difficult to guarantee the hygiene index. The sales price of this so-called "sanitary towel" is 50% lower than that of regular manufacturers. Consumers must keep their eyes open, avoid being greedy for cheap, try to buy brand products with good reputation in big shopping malls and supermarkets, and don’t buy them at random in roadside shops. Consumer Guide, July 2014

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Parameters of Jianghuai Ruifeng M3

Welcome to car home, let’s focus on Jianghuai Ruifeng M3, a practical small MPV. This model is specially designed for innovators such as small private owners and small and medium-sized merchants, and has won the favor of many users with its excellent performance and advantages. First of all, regarding the vehicle loading capacity, the seven-seat version of Ruifeng M3 can provide an amazing 72 cubic meters of storage space, which fully meets various daily and business needs.

In terms of carrying capacity, JAC Ruifeng M3 has performed well, and its maximum carrying capacity has reached an astonishing 5 tons, which can easily cope with both cargo transportation and family travel. The design of Ruifeng M3 is simple and generous, the body paint is of high quality, and the waistline is smooth. Even after years of baptism, it still maintains a modern sense.

When it comes to the positioning of MPV models, it may have been labeled as "IKEA is suitable for business" in the past, but now the market trend has changed. Jianghuai Ruifeng M3 redefines MPV models in a family-friendly design language, aiming at breaking the traditional cognition of consumers on such models. This model not only meets business purposes, but also is an ideal partner for family travel.

江淮瑞风M3

In a word, JAC Ruifeng M3 has become a versatile assistant in the market with its large space, strong bearing capacity and humanized design. If you are considering buying such a small MPV, Ruifeng M3 is worthy of your consideration.

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Or silver standard design Wuling Hongguang MINIEV new model spy photos.

　　[car home domestic spy photos] car home obtained a set of spy photos of the new model of Wuling (|) with silver label from netizens. According to the information of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the new model may be the previously declared GB(Gameboy) model.

Home of the car

Home of the car

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

　　In terms of appearance, the new car adopts the shape of the old model, and the headlights with rounded corners on both sides look exquisite. According to the information of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the length, width and height of the new car are 2997/1493/1604mm and the wheelbase is 2010mm respectively. In terms of rims, the new car will be equipped with 12-inch rims.

Home of the car

"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Declaration Map"

　　The tail of the new car is expected to continue the design of the current model, but according to the declaration information of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the camouflage of spy photos, the interior of the taillights should be upgraded, and the layout of X should be adopted to make the new car look younger and more fashionable.

　　In terms of power, the new car will be equipped with Ferrous lithium phosphate power battery. The rated voltage of the power battery system is 116V, the rated capacity of the power battery system is 230Ah, and the peak power of the driving motor is 30kW. We will continue to pay attention to more news about the new car. (Text/car home Xing Yueyang)

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Moscow Action： Violent and Gentle of Hong Kong Gangster Movies

Original title: The violence and gentleness of Hong Kong gangster movies


After that, the third work of "National Action" series finally appeared. This work is directed by, which embodies its unique film style. They are both commercial action blockbusters with the main theme, and the film styles of Qiu Litao and Lin Chaoxian are different. In the dimension of commercialization of the main theme, Qiu Litao echoes the image tradition of Hong Kong gangster movies in the past.


"Moscow Action" embodies the "constant" and "change" of Hong Kong gangster movies. On the one hand, like most gangster movies, the main characters in Operation Moscow are divided into two groups: law enforcers and criminals. Their fierce confrontation constitutes the main driving force of the film. However, it is quite disappointing that the performance of "Moscow Action" is relatively mediocre: it is still a gap that relies on internal struggles between criminals to cause contradictions and make law enforcement break through. This kind of bridge can be described as a typical plot design of Hong Kong gangster movies, and there is nothing new. On the other hand, the traditional Hong Kong gangster movies focus on the confrontation between right and evil, mainly seeking new changes in the types of crime movies. However, Action in Moscow belongs to the main melody sequence and aims to present wonders through action drama. How to strike a balance between commercial crime action movies and main melody movies and complete the meaning construction in them is an ideological task that directors must face directly.

Here, Qiu Litao shows his narrative ambition through the creation of political metaphor. Setting political metaphors in movies has long been Qiu Litao’s spiritual characteristic that can’t be ignored in his image style. This "Moscow Action" is no exception. Whether in Southeast Asia or the Soviet Union, their significance to gangster movies actually points to the same kind of geopolitics, that is, hybridity and marginalization. Only in the mixed fringe, the disorder and madness of gangster stories have the soil to happen. More importantly, only in such an environment can the metaphor system have its operating space, and further make the film open a pluralistic and free interpretation space.

For example, in the opposition between good and evil in Moscow Action, Qiu Litao deliberately played down, canceled and even reversed the moral judgment. Comparing the positive and negative characters in the film, we can find that gangsters have more arc lights than the police. Although Qiu Litao’s weakness has always been that he can never put his mind on the meticulous carving of the characters, his vivid portrayal of the spectacle has attracted the greatest attention. Therefore, it is difficult for us to see real and concrete people in Qiu Litao’s films, but only "tool people" who are dedicated to promoting the plot and are quite facelift. This is particularly evident in the police played by. It is difficult for the audience to find any distinctive human expression in this role. Compared with the police, gangsters actually show more abundant human nature. For example, Miao Qingshan, played by Miao Qingshan, has a tragic life core, and his unruly personality and perverse temperament make this character show a relatively flesh-and-blood side. The poor spiritual world of the positive characters is in sharp contrast with the rich soul space of the negative characters, from which we can see Qiu Litao’s ambiguous views on human nature, morality and rule of law. Moreover, in the process of plot advancement, Miao Qingshan used Vassili’s daughter, who missed him day and night, as bait to threaten Vassili to obey his orders. Vasily agreed to cooperate with the police because he was promised to see his daughter smoothly. Here, the film points out through Miao Qingshan that although the power has shifted, the daughter is still a "chip" in a sense.This reflects Qiu Litao’s thinking on power: no matter what changes have taken place in the face of power, as long as the operating mechanism of power remains unchanged, the discipline of power will continue.

In addition, Moscow Action sets the time and space background on the Sino-Russian border in the early 1990s. This is a magnificent era. Chinese mainland’s economic development grew like grass, while Russia was in a chaotic state similar to anarchy. From the music selection and scene design of the film, we can see Qiu Litao’s infinite infatuation and creative passion for this historical transition and vigorous and vivid era. First of all, music, as a symbol of the times, has played a vital role in the film. The film selected songs such as "Ashamed" and "Don’t Break My Heart", which shows the director’s enthusiasm for Chinese mainland’s rock music in the 1990s. As for the potential musical texts, it obviously includes but is not limited to A Red Cloth. Secondly, the time and space of the story — — The Sino-Russian border in 1993 pointed not to a specific space, but to a historical background with marginal and mixed attributes. For this historical background, Qiu Litao did not devote himself to restoration, instead, he replaced the style of the times with retro Hong Kong style, which undoubtedly showed the combination and dislocation of Hong Kong-style aesthetics and China’s historical consciousness. The culture and politics behind it are obviously meaningful. Neo-historicism tells us that any historical writing can’t reach history itself, but it must be a re-creation. In this sense, "Moscow Action" is nothing more than a historical restatement with strong subjectivity.It reflects Qiu Litao’s experience category, historical consciousness, aesthetic taste and his position in the current co-production era.

Although Action in Moscow has many unsatisfactory aspects, its flaws are not hidden. It puts the typical characteristics of Hong Kong gangster movies into the main theme commercial blockbuster, which not only shows violence, but also has a gentle side. For example, the emotional concentration behind emotion and righteousness is moving. However, this tenderness mostly refers to the ties and friendship between men, and the premise of forming a strong alliance between men is often to exclude women from the power structure. Therefore, misogyny can be seen everywhere in a series of Hong Kong gangster movies. In these films, women are often deceived, damaged and sacrificed, and their faces are usually vague and their personalities are often weak. Sedgwick mentioned in Between Men that women are always regarded as natural passive objects in narrative works with men as the narrative subject and men’s friendship as the main clue. On the one hand, it maintains the rule of patriarchy, on the other hand, it reveals the admiration and even secret love of this kind of narrative works for masculinity, and then constructs an aesthetics dominated by masculinity. In this aesthetics, women are doomed to be excluded. "Men are like brothers and women are like clothes" is a typical presentation. The love between Miao Qingshan and Miao Ziwen in Moscow Action is stronger than gold, and a woman’s "sacrifice" must be used as the test mechanism — — Miao Qingshan raped his girlfriend in order to make Miao Ziwen break the roots; Miao Ziwen later killed his beloved girlfriend.Just to complete the ideological revolution and emotional conversion to Miao Qingshan. From this perspective, the rather tender side of these gangster films is actually full of violent factors. Even so, in the sequence of commercial blockbuster, Qiu Litao’s film formula is still very attractive. His thinking on power discourse, irony on power operation mechanism and resistance to power discipline all make his main theme image style present a fresh breath and allegorical characteristics. (Author: Lai Xiuyu)


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MG MG7 Car Purchase Manual

In the development of science and technology, the automobile industry has always been at the forefront, and advanced technology will take the lead in arming cars. Such equipment is still very popular with consumers. Today, Xiaobian picked a car and introduced it to everyone. It is. Not much to say, let’s take a look.

First of all, from the appearance, the MG7 front line is fashionable and sporty. The headlights are very avant-garde and have great visual impact. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4884 mm * 1889 mm * 1447 mm. The car uses exquisite lines, which gives people a very stable feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the overall visual effect is very stable. In terms of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end echoes the front face, and the taillights look very atmospheric. Coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, it is still relatively cold overall.

In terms of interior, MG7 interior enhances the visual sense of fashion, and the overall visual effect is very distinctive. The steering wheel design of this car is very simple, equipped with the functions of manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, etc., and the palm fit is very high. From the central control point of view, the 12.3-inch central control screen is used for decoration, which makes the interior style impressive and has a certain sense of science and technology. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. The dashboard of this car presents a flamboyant design style, which is very eye-catching. The car uses leather seats, and the seats are wrapped in place, which further improves the comfort of drivers and passengers.

MG7 is matched with an automatic manual transmission (AT) gearbox, with an acceleration time of 6.5s per 100 kilometers, which has good power performance and is completely OK for daily use.

The space performance of MG7 trunk is not bad. After putting down the rear seats, it can further expand the space, and its carrying capacity is great enough to meet daily household needs. At the same time, the car is equipped with fatigue warning, anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), brake force distribution (EBD) main driver airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

OK！ Next, let’s sum up. Such a car with the right price is enough to meet the daily practical needs, and it doesn’t take much thought to maintain it at ordinary times, and the cost performance is good.

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Interpretation of the T9 configuration of Chery Fengyun, recommending comfort type.

On May 21st, six models were officially launched, with the price range of 129,900-169,900 yuan. Chery locates a medium-sized SUV, which is available in 5-seat and 7-seat versions. It is equipped with a 1.5T Kunpeng Super C-DM plug-in system, and CLTC has a pure battery life of 120km. So what is the performance of this car’s configuration strength?

In terms of appearance design, the front face of Chery Fengyun T9 adopts a closed grille design, with vertical decorative strips embedded in the middle and vertical air ducts on both sides, which enriches the details of the front and adds a sporty atmosphere to the whole vehicle.

On the side of the car, the elegant waistline design makes the whole car show a more slender visual effect. At the same time, it is equipped with a hidden door handle, and the suspended roof design adds a fashionable atmosphere to the whole car.

At the rear of the car, the through taillights light up like a covered bridge across the lake, which not only improves the recognition, but also has great beauty. The unique rear bumper design, the two decorative panels look very individual, and the bilateral hidden exhaust layout enhances the sportiness of the whole vehicle.

In terms of body color, Chery Fengyun T9 offers 6 body colors. In terms of car body size, Chery Fengyun T9 is 4795mm long and 1930mm wide. Because there are two versions of 5-seat and 7-seat, the height of the car body is different. The 5-seat version is 1738mm high, the 7-seat version is 1741mm high and the wheelbase is 2770 mm.

In terms of lighting configuration, Chery Fengyun T9 headlights have a long and narrow shape. The whole system comes standard with LED high and low beams, adjustable headlight height and delayed headlight turn-off. At the same time, all other models are equipped with adaptive high and low beams except the entry version. In addition, the car comes standard with a touch reading light. In addition to the entry version, other models are equipped with 256-color interior atmosphere lights.

Inside the car, the whole design of Chery Fengyun T9 is simple, the top is treated by enameling technology, the middle is decorated with wooden decorative boards, and the lower part of the decorative boards is wrapped with leather materials, equipped with speakers. In addition, in addition to the entry version, other models are equipped with double laminated glass in the front row. The model adopts Chery’s latest family-style design, which can be manually adjusted up and down+back and forth. Chery Fengyun T9 is equipped with a 10.25-inch full LCD instrument panel and a 15.6-inch central control panel, equipped with a Snapdragon 8155 chip, and the top model is also equipped with a HUD head-up display.

The seat of Chery Fengyun T9 is made of imitation leather. Except for the entry-level model, both the main seat and the co-driver seat support electric adjustment, as well as back and forth movement and height adjustment. At the same time, it is equipped with heating and ventilation functions; Of course, there is also a massage function on the high-profile models. In addition, the Chery Fengyun T9 also has a one-button reclining function for the Queen’s co-pilot, which is equipped with a 10-point massage. The maximum opening angle of the leg rest of the cushion reaches 128, and the maximum opening angle of the backrest of the cushion reaches 125. At the same time, Chery Fengyun T9′ s 7-seat version of the second and third rows of seats supports one-button down, instantly transforming into a 2.1m2 spacious bed, and the second row of seats also has one-button movement function, which is convenient for entering and leaving the third row.

Chery Fengyun T9 is equipped with 7 remote airbags (as standard). Except for the entry-level model, all other models are equipped with L2-class driving assistance function, 540-degree image, full-speed adaptive cruise, and start reminder. In addition, in addition to the entry-level model, other models are equipped with 5 cameras and 4 ultrasonic radars.

Chery Fengyun T9 is equipped with a system, equipped with the fifth generation 1.5TGDI hybrid power, with a maximum power of 115kW, which is 220N·m；; The motor power is 150kW, the peak torque reaches 310N·m, which is 265kW, and the comprehensive torque is 530 N m.. According to the usage scenario, this power system can automatically switch between four driving modes: pure electric, hybrid, extended range and fuel, and CLTC has a pure electric cruising range of 120km.

There are three models of the five-seat version. Compared with the other two models, the driving assistance and comfort assistance configuration of the entry version of 129,900 yuan can only meet the basic travel needs, and there is no more additional configuration. The 142,900-yuan long-life comfort model and the 155,900-yuan long-life luxury model are equipped with L2-class assisted driving, 50W mobile phone wireless charging and electric induction trunk. The front seats are equipped with heating and ventilation functions, especially the 155,900-yuan long-life luxury model is also equipped with parallel assistance, reversing car side warning system and massage function of the front seats. Among these three models, the comfort model with a long battery life of 142,900 yuan is more recommended, with more points in configuration and improved comfort, which can be taken into account in daily household travel.

Compared with the other two models, the 7-seat version has three models. Compared with the other two models, the 146,900-yuan long-life version is comfortable, equipped with L2-class driving assistance, 4 ultrasonic radars, and the main and auxiliary seats are equipped with front and rear, backrest and height adjustment functions. The whole configuration is remarkable, meeting the travel needs of families with large population, and the comfort of the front row is also in place. If 7 seats are considered, it is recommended to start with this car.

The 159,900-yuan long-life luxury model, the seat material is upgraded to leather, the auxiliary seat is equipped with leg rest adjustment function, and the air quality monitoring function is also added. At the same time, the front seat is equipped with massage function, the front and rear ultrasonic radars are 6, and the DOW door opening warning is added to the driver’s assistance. The price has increased by 13,000 yuan, so there is no need to upgrade these configurations for home use.

The flagship model with a long battery life of 169,900 yuan has added an in-car camera, and it is also equipped with facial recognition and voiceprint recognition functions. The main driver’s seat is equipped with headrest speakers, and the second and third rows of seats support electric adjustment. The rear seats also have electric reclining function, and the number of speakers is upgraded to 14; In addition, HUD head-up display has been added. The whole configuration is full, and the price is close to 170,000 yuan. If you want to travel more comfortably, the budget is enough, so you can consider this one.

Among the six models of Chery Fengyun T9, the 5-seat version is recommended to buy a comfortable version with a long battery life of 142,900 yuan; The 7-seat version is recommended to buy a comfortable version with a long battery life of 146,900 yuan. Combined with the current preferential policies for car purchase introduced by Chery, including the maximum of 15,000 yuan, three-power lifetime warranty, vehicle lifetime warranty, two-year free entertainment traffic, free charging piles and installation services, and lifetime free road rescue, these two cars are more cost-effective and can meet household needs in configuration.

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In 2017, the top ten archaeological discoveries in China revealed why these projects were selected.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, April 11 (Reporter Song Yuxi Ying Ni) On the 10th, after a one-and-a-half-day presentation, the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China in 2017" was announced in Beijing.

　　The reporter learned from the press conference that Xinjiang Jimunai Tongtiandong Site, Shandong Zhangqiu Jiaojia Site, Shaanxi Gaoling Yangguanzhai Site, Ningxia Pengyang Yaoheyuan Western Zhou Site, Henan Xinzheng Zhenghan Ancient City Site, Shaanxi Xi ‘an Qin and Han Quercus City Site, Henan Luoyang Eastern Han Mausoleum Archaeological Investigation and Excavation, Jiangxi Yingtan Longhushan Dashangqing Palace Site, Jilin Antu BMW City Jin Dynasty Changbai Mountain Temple Site, Sichuan Pengshan Jiangkou Shenyin Site were selected as "2017"

　　Why are these new archaeological discoveries selected? The reporters sorted them out one by one.

　　Xinjiang Jimunai Tongtian Cave Site

　　Tongtian Cave Site is located in a granite cave in the northeast of Kuotasi Village, Thost Township, Jimunai County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang, and is the main road leading to Central Asia and Europe in the northwest of China.

　　As the first Paleolithic cave site found in Xinjiang, it completely preserves the remains of ancient human life and residence from the Paleolithic to 3,500 years ago.

　　Paleolithic tools were found in the site — Copper and stone are used together — Bronze — The continuous stratigraphic section of the Early Iron Age not only fills the blank of prehistoric cave archaeology in Xinjiang, but also is a major discovery of paleolithic archaeology in China, which is of great significance for understanding the evolution and development process of ancient humans in Xinjiang for more than 40,000 years and establishing the chronological framework of regional cultural development. In addition, earlier wheat in China was found in the site.

　　Jiaojia Site in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province

　　Jiaojia Site in Zhangqiu District, Jinan is located in the piedmont plain on the north side of Taiyi Mountain System, and its main era is the middle and late stage of Dawenkou culture. Abundant cultural remains of Dawenkou were found in the excavation.

　　In the ruins, the orderly arrangement of housing materials in space fills the gap in the study of living form in the middle and late stage of Dawenkou culture in central and northern Shandong Province. At the same time, the excavated tomb materials are extremely rich, and the funerary objects are common jade cymbals, jade bracelets, pottery cups with high handles, white pottery and painted pottery.

　　It is worth mentioning that it has been reported before that archaeologists found that the tallest male owner of the tomb actually reached 1.9 meters in length by measuring human bones, and many of them exceeded 1.8 meters.

　　Yangguanzhai Site in Gaoling, Shaanxi Province

　　Yangguanzhai Site is located in the east of Group 4 of Yangguanzhai Village, Jijia Street, Gaoling District, Xi ‘an City, Shaanxi Province, and is a central settlement in the middle and late Yangshao period in Guanzhong area.

　　In 2015-2017, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology discovered a large public cemetery when it carried out targeted archaeological excavations in the northeast of the site. After preliminary investigation, the total area of the cemetery is over 85,000 square meters. At present, the excavated area is about 3,800 square meters, and 343 prehistoric tombs have been discovered.

　　Archaeological results show that the tombs are all buried by one person at a time, and the human bones are intact, with abnormal death and human bone displacement. Earlier, it was also reported that among the excavated tomb sites, there were tomb owners who "appeared to have been ‘ Chop hands ’ The strange phenomenon. "

　　Western Zhou ruins of Yaoheyuan, Pengyang, Ningxia

　　Yaoheyuan Site is located in Xinji Township, Pengyang County, Ningxia, and it is a large Western Zhou Dynasty site first discovered in the upper reaches of Jingshui River in southern Ningxia.

　　Water networks, road networks, trenches, walls and ash pits are found in the residential area. The burial area is located in the northeast of the site, and more than 50 tombs, horse pits, chariot pits and sacrificial pits have been drilled.

　　The discovery of these important relics shows that the Yaoheyuan site has an unusual rank and status, and belongs to a Duyi site that was sealed off by the Western Zhou Dynasty. The site of Yaoheyuan provides valuable new information for understanding the political structure of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the relationship between the Zhou Dynasty and the northwest border areas.

　　Henan Xinzheng Zhenghan Ancient City Ruins

　　The site of Beichengmen, the ancient city of Zheng and Han, is the first scientific excavation of the city gate of Zheng and Han in history. It not only fully reveals the structure of the city gate during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but also confirms the record of "Qumen" in the history books, which plays a role in proving history and school history. At the same time, the wall of the urn city with a defense system during the Warring States period was also discovered, which was also discovered for the first time in the ruins of the king city in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in the Central Plains.

　　The No.3 chariot pit in Zheng State is another great discovery after the tomb of Zheng Gong. There are 4 wooden carts left in the pit, and in addition to the previous excavation, there are 48 buried carts and more than 124 horses in Zhenggong Tomb, and many vehicles and horses have been unearthed, which is rare in archaeological discoveries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

　　It is worth mentioning that the colorful mat ceiling decorated with bronze and bone artifacts and the large-scale car with a length of about 2.2 meters provide an important academic basis for studying the burial system and customs of horses and chariots in the Zhou Dynasty in China.

　　Ruins of Liyang City in Qin and Han Dynasties in Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province

　　The site of Liyangcheng is located in yanliang district, Xi ‘an City, Shaanxi Province. In 2013, Epang Palace and Shanglinyuan Archaeological Team restarted the archaeological work of Liyang in order to further determine the protection scope of the site and provide information for the protection planning.

　　This archaeological survey revisited the south wall, the west wall and the north wall (numbered "No.1 Ancient City") of the archaeological exploration site in 1980-1981, and identified "No.2 Ancient City" and "No.3 Ancient City" through exploration and excavation, and identified a number of large palace buildings in No.3 Ancient City.

　　According to the documents and unearthed relics, the upper limit of No.3 ancient city was not earlier than the mid-Warring States period, which coincided with the time when Qin Xiangong and Xiaogong built the capital, namely, Liyang, Qin Dou, in the Warring States period, where Shang Yang’s political reform took place.

　　In the archaeological investigation and excavation project of the Eastern Han Dynasty Mausoleum in Luoyang, Henan Province, the east of No.1 abutment of Zhucang M722 Mausoleum Site and the east gate of Inner Mausoleum are located. Photo courtesy

　　Archaeological Investigation and Excavation of the Eastern Han Mausoleum in Luoyang, Henan Province

　　Luoyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, combined with the project "Archaeological Investigation and Survey of Mangshan Mausoleums", conducted a large-scale investigation and exploration of the Eastern Han Mausoleum and its cemetery sites, with a total exploration area of 2.56 million square meters. Through more than ten years of archaeological work, the basic characteristics of the tombs of the Eastern Han emperors have been clarified.

　　The enclosure plane of the Eastern Han Mausoleum is circular, and the tomb is a "A"-shaped tomb with a long slope, and the tomb is facing south. The layout of the Eastern Han Dynasty cemetery sites has gradually become clear. The Eastern Han cemetery adopted the internal and external cemetery system. Inner cemetery is centered on the buried tomb of Empress Dowager, surrounded by surrounding walls or roads. The outer cemetery is mainly based on a large area of rammed earth buildings, which are concentrated in the northeast side of the inner cemetery.

　　This series of investigations and excavations provide important reference materials for studying the connotation and evolution of the mausoleum system in the Eastern Han Dynasty and further discussing the ownership of the tombs, which provides important support for the protection of the Eastern Han Mausoleum in Luoyang in the future.

　　Site of Dashangqing Palace in Longhushan, Yingtan, Jiangxi Province

　　Dashangqing Palace Site is located in the east of Shangqing Town, Longhu Mountain, Yingtan City, Jiangxi Province. It was discovered in June 2014, and then Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology carried out archaeological excavation for nearly four years.

　　At present, it has been revealed that the core area of the Great Shangqing Palace is 5,000 square meters east of the central axis of the Palace. The building bases are Longhumen, Yuhuang Hall, Houtu Hall, Sanqing Pavilion, Sanguan Hall, Wuyue Hall, Emperor Hall, Wenchang Hall, Ming and Qing Dynasties Monument Pavilion, East Wing Room, etc., surrounded by brick courtyard walls.

　　Through the mutual textual research with the literature records, it is inferred that the building age of the main temple base site is Ming Dynasty. A large number of building materials from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, such as tiles, dripping water, ridged beasts, stone railings, and household utensils, such as money and ceramics, were unearthed from the site of Dashangqing Palace, which provided valuable materials for exploring the historical evolution and construction art of Dashangqing Palace, and also provided valuable first-hand materials for studying the development history of Taoism and Taoist archaeology.

　　Ruins of Changbai Mountain Temple in Jin Dynasty in BMW City, Antu, Jilin

　　The site of Baomacheng is located in Baihe Town, Erdao, Antu County, Jilin Province. In the past, academic circles thought that the site was built in Bohai Sea and was used by Liao and Jin Dynasties. Jilin Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Frontier Archaeology Research Center of Jilin University conducted continuous exploration and excavation from 2014 to 2017, and basically grasped the layout of the building group, the shape and function of the main single buildings in BMW City, and also got a preliminary understanding of the direction of the drainage system inside and outside the city. More than 5,000 pieces of various relics were unearthed, among which the "Guichou" (1193) jade album unearthed in 2016 confirmed that it was the Changbai Mountain Temple built by the Jin Dynasty royal family.

　　The site of Baomacheng is an important archaeological discovery in Liao and Jin Dynasties in recent years, which provides valuable information for the study of material culture and official architecture in Jin Dynasty. The excavation of this site is the first discovery of the remains of the national mountain sacrifice outside the Central Plains, which is of great value to understanding the pattern of the temple of Duci in Yuehai Town during the Song and Jin Dynasties and exploring the development of the etiquette system in the Jin Dynasty. It is also of great significance to studying the border strategy of the Jin Dynasty and exploring the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country in China, and will also have a positive and far-reaching impact on enriching the connotation of Changbai Mountain’s long history and culture.

　　Shenyin Ruins in Pengshan Jiangkou, Sichuan

　　Jiangkou Shenyin Site is located in the Minjiang River in Jiangkou Town, Pengshan District, Meishan City, Sichuan Province, about 60 kilometers south of Chengdu, with an area of about 1 million square meters.

　　From January to April, 2017, Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, together with National Cultural Heritage Administration Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection Center and Pengshan District Cultural Relics Protection Management Office of Meishan City, carried out the first archaeological excavation of the Shenyin site in Jiangkou, with a total of more than 30,000 pieces of various cultural relics, which proved the legend of Shenyin in in Jiangkou, Zhang Xianzhong, and made a major breakthrough.

　　The unearthed cultural relics include the gold seal book belonging to the Daxi regime in Zhang Xianzhong, gold coins, silver coins and copper coins of Dashun Tongbao, and silver ingots engraved with the name and year of Daxi. From the time point of view, it lasted from the middle of Ming Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty. Geographically, these cultural relics came from Henan in the north, Guangdong and Guangxi in the south, Sichuan in the west and Jiangxi in the east, covering more than half of China in the Ming Dynasty.

　　The excavation of the Shenyin site in Jiangkou and the emergence of a large number of precious cultural relics are of great significance to the study of the political system, social economy, material culture and even the social and historical trend in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. (End)

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Holding a group for the winter, Nissan and Honda are going to merge？

Image source: Du Ge

On December 18th, some media reported that Nissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. planned to negotiate on the merger to better compete in the rapidly changing global automobile industry. It is reported that Honda and Nissan are considering setting up a holding company to operate, and plan to include Mitsubishi Motors under the holding company. At present, Nissan holds 24% of the shares of Mitsubishi Motors and is its largest shareholder.

Subsequently, it was reported that Hon Hai Precision, Foxconn’s parent company, had approached Nissan about the shareholding. In view of the precedent of Foxconn’s acquisition of Sharp in 2016, its shareholding intention may stimulate Honda and Nissan’s anxiety about the acquisition, thus accelerating the merger process of the two.

However, both Honda and Nissan responded in official website that, as announced in March and August this year, Honda, Nissan and Mitsubishi have combined their respective advantages and are considering various possibilities for future cooperation, but no decision has been made.

If the merger takes place, Nissan, Honda and Mitsubishi will become the third largest automobile manufacturer in the world after the merger, second only to Toyota and Volkswagen. The merger will also be the biggest deal in the automotive industry since the formation of Stellantis by FCA Group and PSA Group in January 2021.

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The situation is not optimistic.●

At the end of last month, some media reported that Nissan was facing a bankruptcy crisis and its cash flow could only last for 12-14 months.

In the first half of fiscal year 2025 (April-September 2024), Nissan’s operating income was 5.98 trillion yen, down 1.3% year-on-year; Operating profit was 32.908 billion yen, down 90.2% year-on-year; The net profit was 19.223 billion yen, down 93.5% year-on-year; The operating profit margin was only 0.5%, compared with 5.6% in the same period last year.

China is an important single market for Nissan, which is facing the decline of sales. According to the data of Nissan China, from January to November, 2024, the cumulative sales volume of Nissan China, including passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, was 621,700 units. In the same period of last year, it was 694,900 units, a year-on-year decrease of 10.53%.

On November 7th, Nissan Motor Co. announced that it would cut its annual profit forecast, and it would lay off 9,000 people worldwide and cut its global production capacity by 20%. In addition to lowering the annual profit forecast and layoffs, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. is taking measures including reducing sales, comprehensive and administrative expenses, reducing costs and optimizing asset mix, hoping to reverse its performance. At the same time, President and CEO Makoto Uchida of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. will voluntarily give up 50% of his monthly salary from November this year, and other members of the Executive Committee will also voluntarily reduce their salary accordingly.

At the same time, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. also announced that it will reduce its shareholding in Mitsubishi Motors from 34% to 24%.

In addition, in June this year, Nissan closed its passenger car factory in Changzhou, Jiangsu. Dongfeng Nissan officially responded that this decision is based on the company’s overall development strategy and changes in the market environment, aiming to better adapt to the development needs of enterprises in the direction of new energy by optimizing and adjusting internal production capacity and resource allocation. While ensuring the production capacity of current models, Dongfeng Nissan is stepping up efforts to lay out production lines of new energy models and increase investment in related fields to meet future market demand.

Honda’s life is relatively better.In the first half of fiscal year 2025 (April-September, 2024), Honda’s consolidated operating income was 10.79 trillion yen, a year-on-year increase of 12.4%; Operating profit was 742.6 billion yen, an increase of 6.6%; Pre-tax profit decreased by 15.6% year-on-year to 741.9 billion yen. Its global car sales decreased by 8.0% year-on-year to 1.779 million units.

According to the data of Honda China official website, from January to November 2024, the cumulative sales volume of Honda’s terminal cars in China was 740,400, compared with 1,068,400 in the same period of last year, a decrease of 30.7%.

In July, 2024, Honda China announced the optimization of production capacity, and confirmed that two of the seven vehicle production lines in China will be closed this year. After adjustment, Honda’s total vehicle production capacity in China will be reduced from 1.49 million to 1.2 million.

2

Cooperation to reduce costs●

Facing the impact of new energy vehicles in China, Nissan and Honda have strengthened cooperation this year.On March 15th, Nissan and Honda announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding to cooperate in electric vehicle business, such as joint procurement, joint development of power platforms, and generalization of spare parts. The two sides hope to reduce costs and enhance their competitiveness in electric vehicle products through resource integration.At that time, Toshihiro Mibe, CEO of Honda, proposed the possibility of capital cooperation with Nissan.

In August, Honda, Nissan and Mitsubishi jointly signed a memorandum of understanding on deepening the strategic partnership framework, cooperating in the basic technology field of the next generation software-defined vehicle (SDV) platform, and accelerating the realization of carbon neutrality.

It is worth mentioning that in March this year, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. released the "The Arc Nissan Arc Plan", focusing on all-round new product planning, promoting electric drive, innovative R&D and production methods, applying digital new technologies and deepening strategic partnerships to increase global sales and improve profitability. At the same time,Nissan also plans to launch 30 new models in the next three years, including 16 electric vehicles and 14 internal combustion engines, to meet the diversified customer needs of different markets in the process of electrification transformation.

In May, Honda also said that it would start a new plan and promised to double its investment in electrification and software to about $65 billion in fiscal year 2030. Honda also plans to reduce the manufacturing cost of electric vehicles by more than 30% and the procurement cost of batteries in North America by 20%. Min Hong, CEO of Honda, said,The company’s goal is to launch a total of seven new electric vehicles worldwide by 2030, and realize that the sales of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles will account for 40% of the global sales.

Under the transformation of Honda and Nissan, if they are combined, they will also have synergistic effects in resources and products.

In the history of automobile development, cooperation between automobile enterprises has also occurred frequently. In May 1999, Renault acquired 36.8% equity of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. for US$ 5.4 billion, and became the major shareholder of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Since then, Nissan has also held 15% equity of Renault, forming a cross-shareholding alliance. In 2016, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. acquired a 34% stake in Mitsubishi Motors, and since then, the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance has been formed, and its cumulative sales volume once ranked first in the world.

In 2023, Renault and Nissan reached an alliance restructuring framework agreement, and Renault Group transferred 28.4% of Nissan’s shares to a French trust, and Nissan and Renault Group will maintain 15% cross-shareholding. Both parties will have equal voting rights, and both parties can freely exercise the voting rights attached to the 15% direct shareholding.

Toyota also frequently cooperates with other car companies. In August 2017, Toyota and Mazda formed a capital alliance through cross-shareholding; In August 2019, Toyota Motor and Suzuki Motor reached a cooperation through cross-shareholding; In addition, Toyota also holds shares in Subaru, Daihatsu and other car companies.

In 2021, the merger of Citroen Group (PSA) and Fiat Chrysler Automobile Company (FCA) was officially completed. The two parties merged at 50: 50 to form a brand-new group Stellantis, which became the fourth largest automobile group in the world after the merger.

Since the beginning of this year, with the intensification of competition, domestic car companies are also merging their brands to strengthen resource coordination. Under the Taizhou Declaration, Geely promoted the integration of Krypton and Linke, and the geometric brand was merged into the Galaxy brand. SAIC Passenger Car announced the integration of Roewe and Feifan Automobile; In October this year, APP announced that it would migrate to Great Wall Motor APP. From the second half of this year, Euler began to share sales and after-sales channels with other brands of Great Wall.

Obviously, strategic cooperation and resource focus have become the choices of many car companies.

It is worth noting that in China, the market share of Japanese cars has dropped significantly. According to the data of the Federation, in the first 11 months of this year, the cumulative sales volume of Japanese cars was 2,782,500, a year-on-year decrease of 15.6%, and the market share was also reduced from 22.6% in 2021 to 13.7%. This is not optimistic for Nissan and Honda. If we can improve the market competitiveness through merger, we may be able to save the downward trend. But whether they will cooperate through merger or not will take time to wait for the result.

Author Wei Weihe

Source: CarVisibility.

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