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67 ancient poems about tea, poetic and tea-loving, sent to tea lovers.

1. Sit in the water and watch the frying rustle. Hand side a bowl of tea without any reason, just this feeling to love the people who love tea. -Tang Bai Juyi’s "Mountain Spring Fried Tea is pregnant"

2. Only the water is heard in the piano, and the old tea is Mengshan. -Tang Bai Juyi’s "Qin Tea"

3. who, prizing money first, careless how he left her, had gone, a month before, to Fuliang to buy tea. -Tang Bai Juyi’s Pipa Trip

4. One or two scoops of tea at night, and three counts of autumn songs. -Bai Juyi’s "beginning of autumn has a dream in the evening"

5. leave the porridge and cold porridge, and cook new tea on the fire. -Bai Juyi’s "Send Wei Shi to the Imperial Court on Qingming Day"

6. Ye Zhaoren is a summer hairpin, and Songhua is full of bowls to try new tea. -Tang Liu Yuxi’s "Send Li Langzhong to his post"

7. Poetry tea helps cool, and medicinal wine can be declared. -Tang Liu Yuxi’s "Rewarding Lotte for Leisure"

8. Where the world is like a fairyland, when Chunshan picks tea with prostitutes. -Tang Liu Yuxi’s "Five Slogans of Xing Wu to Send Han Qi Zhong Cheng from Luozhong"

9. I want to go home for five days, and I am invited by the public in three spring. Tea stove depends on green bamboo shoots, and the chess game is a heart. -Tang Liu Yuxi’s "Forty Rhymes of Dr. Li’s Dream in West Zhejiang and the Fair Pay and Brilliant Sound in East Zhejiang"

10. Mo Chen bakes tea with dark smoke, but he likes to bask in the sunny valley. -Tang Zhangji’s "Mountain Home"

11. Tea cakes are fragrant when chewed, and smoke condenses at the place where water sinks. -Tang Li Tao "Spring Day Palindrome"

12. The deer is firmly guarded against hunters, and the tea pot is filled with monks. -Tang Du Xunhe’s "Kasugayama has something to do with snow"

13. Sun medicine keeps the bamboo house warm, and pounding tea makes the courtyard deep. -Tang Huangfu Ran’s "Looking for Chu Shi"

14.tea Fragrant leaves, tender buds. Poets love monks. -Tang Yuan-zhen’s "17 Orders, Tea"

15. Shenggong said that Taiwan is empty, and Lu Yu’s tea well does not exist. -Gu Feng’s Title Tiger Hill

16. Under the bamboo, I forgot to talk about the purple tea, and I won the victory. -Tang Qian Qi "Tea Banquet with Zhao Ju"

17. Yunnuan picks tea to Lingbei, and Yueming sells wine to Xinan. -Tang Du Mu’s "Shihan Village in Huaimao Mountain in Autumn Night"

18. Take a trip with tea in the twelfth lunar month, and there are articles about illness in Maoling. -Tang Du Mu’s "Visit the Golden Cave of Linquan Temple in Chizhou"

19. In the afternoon, there was no sound, and Shan Tong knocked on the tea mortar across the bamboo. -Tang Liu Zongyuan’s "Summer Day Occasionally"

20. Reading is not as good as classics, and drinking is not as good as tea. -Tang Gaoshi’s "Stay in Kaizenji with the same group and give Chen Sixteen’s residence"

21. The road is long with wine, but it is sleepy, and the Japanese people are thirsty for tea. -Song Sushi’s "Huanxisha Rustling Clothes and Towels Falling Jujube Flowers"

22. Strive for new pets, each with his own intention. This year, we will fight for official tea. -Su Shi’s Litchi Tan

23. Don’t miss your old country and try new tea with new fire. Poetry and wine take advantage of time. -Song Sushi’s "Looking at Jiangnan, Transcendent Taiwan"

24. It has been changed to frying tea fire, and it is still transferred to porridge. -Song Sushi’s "Nan Gezi Late Spring"

25. It’s spring soon, so I’d like to knock on Chai Men for a cup of tea. -Song Xie Fangde’s "Looking for Tea"

26. The wine cellar is more fond of the bitter tea, and the dream is broken. -Song Qingzhao, "Partridge Days, Cold Days, Rustling on the Window"

27. In those days, I won the prize, smoked my sleeves, and divided my tea with a lively fire. -Song Qingzhao’s "Turning Man Tingfang Fangcao Pond"

28. Laughter and sophistry, live fire to cook new tea. -Li Qingzhao’s Xiao Meng

29. Cardamom is fried with water, so don’t divide tea. -Song Qingzhao’s "Breaking the Huanxisha, Sick and Rustling"

30. bring a bottle of water from the heart of the river, and try to make tea first. -Song Yang Wanli’s Two Songs of Crossing the Yangtze River

31. It is better to divide tea than to fry tea, and frying tea is not as clever as dividing tea. -Yang Wanli’s "Sitting on the Temple in the Temple and Sharing Tea"

32. brew tea, a new test of water, is clear in the world and travels outside things. -Song Zhao Changqing’s "Man Tingfang, Late Color Shen Shen"

33. Stay young and have a drink, then go to brew tea and Yangzhou Crane. -Song Xin Qiji’s "Man Jiang Hong and Fan Xian’s Snow"

34. Sigh and forget the past, and whoever sleeps will have tea in the afternoon. -Lu You’s "Living in the Early Summer"

35. The short paper is idle for grass, and the window is fine and the milk is divided into tea. -Song Luyou’s "Lin ‘an Spring Rain"

36. Grain Rain is known by the tea from the mountain temple, and it’s clear to others that the willow is planted. -Lu You’s "Spring Day, Spring Come Day, Sleepy Spring Village"

37. Camellia is fragrant and tender, and wild fruit is sweet and cold. -Lu You’s Reading Su Shu Party’s Poems in the Northern Mountain of Ruzhou, with its rhyme and form in a hundred years.

38. Qingming Jiangmei Village sells, which is praised by Grain Rain Chaxiang Courtyard. -Lu You’s "Wandering around, Going to the Store through the Monks"

39. It’s really old to travel all over the world. Worry without sleep, a few wisps of tea smoke in the temples. -Lu You’s "Fisherman’s Pride, Sending High"

40. Half a tea bowl for morning porridge and a cloth for autumn clothes. -Song Luyou’s "Sickness Reduction and Recovery"

41. The children are full of poems and books, but the men read and cook spring tea. -Song Huang Tingjian’s "Send Wang Lang"

42. Unknown Dongguo Qingming wine is like Grain Rain tea in the west window. -Song Huang Tingjian’s "See Twenty Brothers Advocating Peace and Flower Words Manxing Five Poems, Falling Flocculation and Spring in March"

43. When you get old, it is like a sick wine in spring. Only a small curtain of tea is fragrant. -Song Xin Qiji’s "Dingfengbo, Hunchun Manxing"

44. Today, I occasionally come to the monk, but I’m here, cooking tea and eating Lushan Mountain. -Song Fangyue, "Summer is not mixed, only weeding vegetables and armor can also hinder leisure"

45. From the beauty of the tea valley, I know the true face of Lushan Mountain. -Song Fangyue’s "Old Sex Causes Lushan Tea"

46. Yesterday, Grain Rain, the former effect, put a tea flag, and the wine pool was turned three times. -Song Xiang Anshi’s "Uncle Born in Korea"

47. Sweep loose pre-made Qingming wine, and rent Grain Rain tea before entering the gorge. -Song Dai Fugu’s "Dream before Qingming Festival"

48. Tea and cigarettes quietly stroke the harp crane, while Grain Rain hoes the wheat in a light cage. -Song Wang Yucheng’s "Farewell with Chen Zhoutian Scheeren, New Iced Wicker in Huaiyang"

49. Grain Rain has beautiful bamboo shoots and tea, and all kinds of flowers and chrysanthemums compete with each other. -Song Liuguo "Spring is the thing, no one asks for a long time"

50. Poems are written about the beautiful moon, and tea is fried in the rain and spring. -Song Huang Geng’s "The Guest"

51. Tea seedlings seal Grain Rain, and books send apples to the wind. -Song Wangchen’s "Jian Zhang Bo He"

52. No ally, fry more Grain Rain tea. -Song Yeyin’s "Dojo Garden Ten Mu"

53. On a cold night, guests come to tea as wine, and the bamboo stove soup turns red at the beginning. -Song Du Lei "Cold Night"

54. It’s cold in Grain Rain, tea and cigarettes are blooming, and it’s peony time again. -Song Chen Yunping, "Passing Qin Lou Grain Rain to Receive Cold"

55. Grain Rain Chunjiang dusk, tea smoke Xiao Si sunny. -Song Chen Yunping’s "Reward Comrade"

56. The little maid cries the autumn rain before the lamp, but the bamboo house doesn’t see tea at night. -Song Lin Jingxi’s "Crying De and Bo’s Six Poems, Empty Legacy and Broken Inkstone, Lonely Heart and Bitterness"

57. It’s hard to stick to a pen, knock on the bed and make tea. -Qing Dashu’s "Twilight Snow"

58. The chicken flew over the fence and the dog barked, knowing that a merchant had come to buy tea. -Song Fan Chengda’s "Late Spring Pastoral Miscellaneous"

59. Mid-autumn moon is yellow again, and after the end of the year, tea will be served in the afternoon. -Song Fan Chengda’s "Posting the West Lake and Sending the Pure Kindness to Show the Old Three Unique Mid-Autumn Moon and Yellow Flowers"

60. The secluded people in the forest save trouble, and the tea stove on the pen bed will board the boat. -Song Ye Shaoweng’s "Your Tour"

61. Go to Chachuan, and it will be sunny in Grain Rain for the first time. -Song Liao Rong’s "Book Wubin House Wall"

62. After the peach blossoms want to release a breeze, the tea buds are newly supplied to Grain Rain. -Song Li Xu Ji "Seeing the Pure Land with Runan Scholar"

63. Flowers are clear and flowers are near, and tea is ahead of Grain Rain. -Song Huang Yanping’s "Two Poems of Tian Jia Chun Ri Chi Ri Fang Zhong Cao"

64. If Yuyao falls, it is especially praised by the Tea Classics. -Song Sunyin "More Questions, More Tea"

65. It’s sunny when the wind flies, and the tea affair exclaims to explore the new fire. -Song Cheng Gongxu’s "Four Poems of Visiting Haiyun Temple on Qingming Day, It’s Clear and Clear on a Windy Day"

66. Chun Qing Grain Rain Tea in March. -Song Wu Shan’s "Qinhuai Boat Collection with Mrs. Liu and Li"

67. Close the tea-scented floating snow house, and push the window and the mountain shadow to drop curling. -Song Chen wrote "Occasionally, did you ever ask if you have a livelihood?"

Source: Gaoxian Women’s Federation

Editor: Liu Li

Editor: Liu Qin

Approved by: Wang Xifeng

END

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The Course and Significance of Deng Xiaoping’s Diplomatic Thought of ＂Two Changes＂

[Abstract] After entering the new era, under the background of profound changes in the situation at home and abroad, the second generation of the central leading collective of the CPC with Deng Xiaoping as the core, relying on rich political experience and keen insight, revolved around two major issues, such as how to understand the international situation and what kind of foreign policy to formulate according to the situation, not only scientifically analyzed the rapidly evolving trend of the times and the world trend at that time, but also formed a series of major strategic judgments that profoundly affected contemporary China. The diplomatic thought of "two transformations" put forward in 1985 is one of the outstanding representatives. History shows that the brewing and development of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" not only accurately answered a series of important questions such as the historical position of contemporary China and its strategic position in international politics, but also played a great role in promoting China’s modernization and reform and opening up. Therefore, it is a key to understand the development of CPC’s diplomatic thought since the new period.

[Keywords:] "Two transformations"; Put forward the course; profound influence

At the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 4th, 1985, Deng Xiaoping made a striking speech. He mentioned that after the downfall of the Gang of Four, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, through the analysis of the general trend of the world and the surrounding environment, China achieved two important changes in its judgment of the international situation and its foreign policy, namely, it changed its original view that the danger of war was imminent and changed the "one line" strategy we pursued in the past. [1](pp.126-128) This idea is what the academic circles later called "two changes" in China’s diplomacy in the new period.

Since the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" was put forward, although the world is not peaceful, under this guidance, the pace of China’s rise has been steadily moving forward. This shows that this idea has stood the test of time and history. It is for this reason that the research on this idea has always been attached importance by domestic academic circles. Previous studies show that "two transformations" are not only a theoretical crystallization of Deng Xiaoping’s diplomatic thought, but also a key to understand the development of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s diplomatic thought in the new period.

This year coincides with the 30th anniversary of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations". In order to deeply study this important thought, which has a profound influence on contemporary China, the author tries to make a further discussion on the course, basic connotation and far-reaching influence of this thought on the basis of the above research and in combination with the current domestic and international situation.

First, the realization of the historical turning point: the origin of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

As an important guiding ideology of China government’s foreign policy in the new period, the proposal of "two changes" is not out of thin air and accidental, but has a very complicated and profound historical background.

(A) the basic understanding of the CPC on two major issues in the 1970s

In the 1970s, under the background of bipolar hegemony, with the change of the offensive and defensive situation between the United States and the Soviet Union, the whole international relations presented a complicated situation of drastic changes. One of its appearances is the gradual formation of the strategic triangle between China, the United States and the Soviet Union in the western Pacific and the resulting game among all parties. Under this situation, a series of major historical events have occurred in this region, such as the armed conflict on the Sino-Soviet border, Nixon’s visit to China, the signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems by the United States and the Soviet Union, and the climax of the third diplomatic relations between New China. This series of major historical events profoundly influenced the judgment of the Chinese Communist Party on the international situation and the formulation of foreign policies throughout the 1970s. Undoubtedly, the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1973 and the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1977 can best reflect this understanding.

In judging the international situation at the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1973, the basic points are as follows: First, the current international situation is characterized by chaos in the world, and "everything is coming"; Second, the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union is the source of world unrest; Third, the United States and the Soviet Union both compete and collude. The Soviet Union was a diversion from the East to the West, and its real strategic focus was on Europe. While the west wants to lead the disaster to China. Accordingly, in foreign policy, the Tenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that we should strengthen unity with all countries that are invaded, subverted, interfered, controlled and bullied by imperialism, so as to form the broadest United front and oppose imperialism and colonialism, old and new, especially the hegemonism of the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. [2]

At the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1977, judging the international situation, its basic points were as follows: First, while the revolutionary factors continued to grow, the war factors increased obviously; Second, the Soviet Union and the United States are the source of the new world war. However, under the strategic situation that the Soviet Union takes the offensive and the United States is on the defensive, the Soviet Union is more dangerous. Third, although the struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States has spread all over the world, its focus is still on Europe; There is a trend of appeasement in the West, which not only fantasizes about maintaining peace by compromising and giving in, but also fantasizes about pushing the Soviet Union to China. Accordingly, in foreign policy, the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that all preparations should be made for the Soviet Union and the United States to launch a new world war, and all countries invaded, subverted, interfered, controlled and bullied by imperialism and social imperialism should be United to form the broadest United front against the hegemonism of the two superpowers. [3]

Although there are still obvious mistakes and shortcomings in the ideological line and political line of the Tenth and Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, these two important meetings comprehensively and intensively reflected the basic understanding of the CPC on two major issues, namely, the judgment of the international situation and the formulation of foreign policies. In short, this is: the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union is the root of world turmoil; The factors of war are obviously increasing, and the Soviet Union has become the main threat to trigger war. China needs to build the most extensive international anti-hegemony united front to oppose the possible world war.

(B) the shift of the focus of the work of the party and the state and the origin of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

The development of history is often not a straight line. After entering the late 1970s, with the development and changes of the domestic and international situation, new changes have taken place in the two major issues mentioned above. The fundamental reason for this change lies in the historical turning point in China at the end of 1978.

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in December 1978 was an important turning point in the contemporary history of China. This plenary session not only completely corrected the "Cultural Revolution" and its previous "Left" errors, but also made a strategic decision to shift the focus of the work of the party and the country to socialist modernization and implement reform and opening up, thus realizing a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of the party and the country and opening a new period in the history of reform and opening up in China. Since then, unswervingly promoting reform, opening up and modernization has become "the overriding central task of the people of the whole country for a long time to come" and "a great cause that will determine the fate of the motherland for a thousand years." [4](pp.208-209)

So, how can we ensure this "central task" and "a great cause for generations to come"? In this regard, the top leaders of the Communist Party of China have gradually formed some consensus: to speed up modernization, we must open our doors to the world while basing ourselves on the domestic market, so as to introduce foreign advanced technology, expand exports, increase foreign exchange, and develop foreign economic cooperation, and so on. [5](p.327) Although a consensus has been reached, it is necessary to implement these grand ideas in complicated practical work, but it is necessary to answer the two major questions mentioned above in theory. That is, how to look at the changed international situation and how to formulate China’s foreign policy in the new period.

At the same time that China has achieved a historical turning point, the whole international relations and situation are also in a "turning point". [6] (P. Foreword.1) This is highlighted in the following aspects: After entering the 1980s, a new scientific and technological revolution flourished around the world. Driven by this new scientific and technological revolution, the wave of reform and adjustment began to spread all over different types of countries, and the trend of economic globalization was further highlighted. Moreover, with the further rise of economic and scientific factors in international relations, the strategic focus among big countries is increasingly shifting from short-term and military advantages to long-term and comprehensive national strength competition. [6] (P. Preface.3) Obviously, under this situation, the original judgment that "war is imminent" can no longer accurately reflect the developed and changed world trend, and the original view of the times that insists on revolution and war can no longer scientifically reveal the developed and changed trend of the times.

It can be seen that the origin of the problem of "two changes" is an inevitable requirement for the development of the domestic situation after the shift of the focus of the party and the state. From abroad, this is a reflection and adaptation of the CCP to the changing world trend. In this regard, Deng Xiaoping once profoundly pointed out: "Our foreign policy is based on our general views and analysis of international issues." [7](p.327) "The primary task of China’s foreign work is to strive for peace and serve China’s socialist modernization." [8](p.10)

Second, the exploration in great changes: the brewing process of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations"

Like any mature guiding ideology, the proposal of "two transformations" is not achieved overnight, but has gone through an unusually careful brewing process.

(A) the situation at home and abroad from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s

From the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, the situation at home and abroad developed rapidly and experienced profound changes. Specifically:

Domestically, during this period, China not only brought order out of chaos in the guiding ideology, but also achieved a great victory in the practical work on all fronts, thus realizing a historic and great transformation. On this basis, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the scientific proposition of building socialism with China characteristics. After the 12th National Congress, the reform and opening-up began to spread rapidly throughout the country, and China’s social productive forces were greatly promoted, and its comprehensive national strength was constantly enhanced. This is mainly manifested in:

First, the economic field. On the basis of summing up historical experience, the party and the state have steadily shifted the focus of their work to socialist modernization. On the one hand, they have resolutely eliminated the long-standing "Left" errors in economic work, on the other hand, they have conscientiously implemented the policy of adjustment, reform, rectification and improvement. After several years of hard work, by 1985, China’s economy had passed the most difficult period and embarked on a healthy track of steady development.

Second, the political field. It ended the long-term social unrest after the "Cultural Revolution" and realized a stable, United and lively political situation. The leading bodies at all levels of the CPC and the state have been gradually adjusted, rectified and strengthened; Democracy and the legal system have been gradually improved; The relationship of equality and unity among all ethnic groups has been strengthened again; The patriotic United front has been further expanded; Education, science and culture are gradually on the right track and show a preliminary prosperity; Wait a minute. Such a political situation is considered to be "one of the best historical periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China". [9](p.262)

Third, the ideological field and the self-construction of the CPC. The cult of personality and dogmatism that prevailed in the past have been broken, and the society is active in thinking, and there has been a vivid scene of trying to study new situations and solve new problems. In addition, in order to correctly implement the policy of emancipating the mind, the CPC reaffirmed the four cardinal principles in time and did a lot of work to correct the party style. Moreover, leading posts of the party, government and army at all levels, from the central government to the local government, have added a number of outstanding cadres who have both ability and political integrity and are in the prime of life, and the abolition of the tenure system for cadres and the rejuvenation of cadres have been significantly promoted. [9](p.400)

Fourth, the military field. The People’s Liberation Army has made remarkable achievements in strengthening military training and ideological and political work, improving the relationship between the army and the government, guarding the border, safeguarding the security of the motherland and participating in socialist construction. The military and political quality of the army has been improved under the new historical conditions. [9](p.263)

Fifth, the diplomatic field. The China administration actively adjusted its relations with the United States, Japan, the Soviet Union and other countries, thus "opening up a new situation in the international struggle", constantly improving its international status and greatly improving its international situation and national security situation. Moreover, with the promotion of opening to the outside world, China has gradually broken through the shackles of capital, technology, talents and management, and its economic ties with other countries have become increasingly close and frequent, and its economic dependence with other countries has deepened. [9](p.59)

In short, by the mid-1980s, China "had begun to find a way to build socialism with China characteristics" and was in "one of the best and crucial periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China". [9](p.397)

At the same time, from the perspective of foreign countries, international politics, economy and new technological revolution are also undergoing a profound change. This is mainly manifested in:

First, the trend of multipolarization in international politics has been further enhanced. First of all, after fierce competition in the early 1980s, the Soviet Union began to shrink its forces and fronts around 1984. Taking this as a turning point, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union and even the whole international situation began to gradually turn to relaxation. This trend became more obvious after Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985. Secondly, with the growing discord within the western camp and the obvious intensification of the centrifugal tendency of eastern European countries towards the Soviet Union, the ability of the United States and the Soviet Union to control and influence international affairs has been greatly weakened. Thirdly, the struggle of the third world, which accounts for three quarters of the world’s population, to safeguard national independence and develop national economy has continued to develop, and it has increasingly become an important force that cannot be ignored in international politics. In addition, the reform and opening up has greatly activated the vitality of China, and China has increasingly become an important force on the international stage.

Second, peace and development have become the central issues of common concern to people all over the world. During this period, under the trend of economic globalization, the re-development of developed countries and the development of developing countries, as well as the contradiction between North and South derived from it, have increasingly become obstacles to the further development of the global economy. Under this background, all countries in the world are troubled by various economic problems. In order to solve their own development problems, countries urgently need not only a peaceful environment, but also economic exchanges between them. Seeking peace, development and cooperation has become the trend of the times.

Third, science and technology are increasingly becoming the most active and decisive factor in the new social productive forces. During this period, with the high-tech strategies such as the "high frontier" in the United States, the "Eureka Plan" in Western Europe, the "comprehensive outline of scientific and technological progress" in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and the "research plan for new fields of human science" in Japan, by the mid-1980s, the competition of developed countries to seize the commanding heights of science and technology had become a heated trend, and the competition of comprehensive national strength based on economy and guided by science and technology had increasingly become the most international competition, especially among big countries. [8](p.49)

Fourth, the economic rise of East Asia in 1980s. Following the rapid development of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" in the 1970s, the East Asian region, represented by China and Southeast Asian countries, experienced rapid economic growth in the 1980s. The rapid growth of the overall economy in East Asia has attracted worldwide attention and is also known as the "Asian economic miracle". Many people believe that this is the most remarkable event in world history after World War II, and believe that the modernization of Asia will become the most important world development direction from the 1990s to the early 21st century.

(B) In the mid-1980s, the CPC made breakthroughs in understanding several major issues.

It is under the above historical background that the second generation of the Central Leading Group of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping at the core has made an unusually prudent exploration around how to treat the changed international situation and formulate foreign policies corresponding to it. This kind of exploration, first of all, is reflected in a key breakthrough in understanding a series of major issues that have long puzzled people’s minds, such as how to treat "war and peace", "theme of the times" and "alliance". Specifically:

First, about war and peace. Based on his profound insight into the international situation in this period, Deng Xiaoping believed that: under the background of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the only ones who wanted to wage or were able to wage war; Other international forces besides the United States and the Soviet Union, including Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, China and the vast Third World, are opposed to war, which makes "the forces of peace and the forces that restrict war have made gratifying progress" and makes the United States and the Soviet Union "dare not wage war easily". [10](p.1085) On this basis, around 1984, the top leaders of the Chinese Communist Party gradually changed the traditional understanding that "war is imminent" and "world war is inevitable", and then reached a new major judgment. Namely: "It is possible not to have a large-scale world war for a long time, and there is hope for maintaining world peace." [1](p.127)

Second, about the theme of the times. After the judgment of war and peace became clearer, Deng Xiaoping’s strategic judgment on the theme of the times began to mature. Through a profound analysis of the great changes at home and abroad in the same period, he believes that "peace issues" and "development issues" have increasingly become "two prominent issues" and "the most fundamental issues" in the world today, and they have "global and strategic significance". [10](pp.979, 974, 1010) During 1984 and 1985, his thought was continuously developed and perfected, and finally he put forward that "peace and development" are the two major problems in the contemporary world. He said: "The real big problems in the world now have global strategic problems, one is peace, and the other is economic or development." [1](p.105)

Third, about "alliance." Since the founding of New China, under the special background of the Cold War, based on the comprehensive consideration of social system, ideology, national security and strategic interests, China has successively pursued strategic policies such as "one-sided" and "one-line". In the anarchic international politics, for China, a relatively small country, this strategic policy of "alliance" or "quasi-alliance" is undoubtedly an act with relatively low cost and controllable risk. However, after entering the new era, with the shift of the focus of the work of the party and the state, the vigorous rise of domestic economic construction, and the development and evolution of international politics, especially the "strategic triangle" between China, the United States and the Soviet Union, the disadvantages of pursuing "alliance" or "quasi-alliance" in foreign policy began to stand out. Deng Xiaoping knew this very well. In this regard, he once hit the nail on the head and pointed out: "We are willing to be friendly with whoever wants to be friendly with us, but we will never get involved in any group or form an alliance with them." [10](p.1068) "China’s foreign policy is independent and truly non-aligned." [1](p.57)

In short, under the historical background of the rapid development of the domestic and international situation in the mid-1980s, around the above-mentioned major issues, our party has successively achieved key breakthroughs in understanding. Undoubtedly, these key breakthroughs will promote the emergence of new important ideas.

Third, the creation of a new diplomatic situation: the proposal and great significance of the diplomatic thought of "two changes"

After this series of breakthroughs in understanding, as a theoretical summary of how the CPC treats the international situation and foreign policy in the new period, the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" is coming to the fore. Its time node was finally fixed in 1985.

(A) 1985: The diplomatic thought of "two transformations" was finally put forward.

As mentioned above, Deng Xiaoping finally put forward the important thought of "two transformations" at the enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission on June 4, 1985.

In his speech, Deng Xiaoping systematically reviewed the Chinese Communist Party’s understanding of the international situation and foreign policy formulation, and concluded: "Based on these analyses of the world trend and the analysis of our surrounding environment, we have changed our original view that the danger of war is imminent." [1](p.127) "We don’t play other people’s cards in China, and we don’t allow anyone to play China cards. We mean what we say." [1](p.128) In addition, he fully affirmed the great significance of the "two transformations". He stressed that these "two major changes" are correct, "enhancing China’s position in the international arena and enhancing China’s right to speak on international issues", and are also beneficial to "our opening-up policy", "accelerating our development" and "using the international peaceful environment to absorb more useful things for us". Accordingly, he confidently put forward: "As long as we adhere to such judgments and policies, we can boldly and wholeheartedly carry out our four modernizations." [1](p.128)

(B) the "two changes" diplomatic thought of contemporary China’s far-reaching impact.

As an important thought of the Chinese Communist Party in foreign policy and national strategy in the new period, the proposal of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations" has had a far-reaching impact on contemporary China.

First, under the guidance of this idea, the China government made a major decision to disarm one million people. The second generation of central collective leadership of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping as the core, marked by the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", strengthened the important judgment that the world war could not be fought for a long time. It is on the basis of this idea that the China government made a major decision to disarm one million people. Since then, the practice has also proved that "one million disarmament" is not only an important strategic decision for China’s army building in the new era, but also won a wide range of good responses for China in the international arena. [11](pp.251-252)

Secondly, under the guidance of this thought, the China administration has completed the adjustment of its foreign policy in the new period and created a new situation in China’s diplomatic work in the new period. Under the guidance of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", the Fourth Session of the Sixth National People’s Congress held in 1986 comprehensively expounded China’s independent foreign policy of peace in the new period from ten aspects. This shows that China has basically completed the adjustment of its foreign policy in the new period. Since then, in accordance with the above foreign policy, the China government has resolutely adjusted its strategy of "one line" and "one large area", constantly improved and developed its relations with major countries, and established and developed diplomatic relations with all countries in the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China’s international status and reputation have become higher and higher, and more and more friends have been made, thus creating a new situation in China’s diplomacy in the new era. [12]

Third, under the guidance of this thought, the concept of the strategic opportunity period of the CPC has been nurtured and developed and matured. Following the development logic of the diplomatic thought of "two transformations", by the end of 1980s, Deng Xiaoping finally formed an important judgment that the Chinese nation had met "a rare opportunity for development". In his view, there are two basic points of this judgment. Namely: the Chinese nation has encountered a once-in-a-century development opportunity; Chinese should cheer up and seize this opportunity to develop China. Since then, the "strategic opportunity period" has become an important basis for the CCP to analyze, judge and make decisions on the world trend; All previous congresses of the Communist Party of China have also deepened their understanding and grasp of this concept in accordance with the constantly developing and changing international situation. For example, while emphasizing that "China’s development is still in an important period of strategic opportunities that can make great achievements", the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further put forward that "we should accurately judge the changes in the connotation and conditions of the important period of strategic opportunities". [13] Practice has proved that the concept of strategic opportunity period conceived under the guidance of the thought of "two transformations" and its continuous development and maturity not only mean that the CPC has a more sober historical consciousness of China’s current historical position and historical opportunities, but also have a great impetus to the modernization and reform and opening up of contemporary China.

To sum up, after entering the new era, under the background of profound changes at home and abroad, the second generation of central leading collective of the Communist Party of China with Deng Xiaoping at the core, relying on rich political experience and keen insight, on the basis of inheriting the international strategies of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, closely focused on how to understand the relationship between China and the world, and how to understand the international situation and formulate what kind of foreign policies, sized up the situation and drew up the overall situation. It not only accurately grasped the trend of the times and the general trend of the world behind the great changes at home and abroad, but also formed a series of important strategic judgments that profoundly influenced contemporary China. Undoubtedly, this historical process fully explains the strategic wisdom and decision-making ability of the second generation of the CPC Central Leading Group with Deng Xiaoping at the core, which is also an important inspiration for us to sort out this period of history. In this regard, the supreme leader once spoke highly of it. He said: How did the reform and opening up come about? It is crucial that our party correctly judges the general trend of the world. As a result of making a correct judgment on the general trend of the world, our party has established the understanding that peace and development are the themes of the times, and only with the transfer of the work center of the party and the state can a new era of reform and opening up be opened.

[References]

[1] Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Volume 3) [M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1993.

[2] Zhou Enlai. Report at the Tenth National Congress in communist party, China [N]. People’s Daily, 1973-09-01.

[3] Hua Guofeng. Political report at the 11th National Congress in the Communist Party of China (CPC) [N]. People’s Daily, 1977-08-23.

[4] Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping (Volume 2) [M]. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 1994.

[5] Memoirs of Gu Mu [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2009.

[6] History of International Relations (1980-1989) (Volume XI) [M]. Beijing: World Knowledge Press, 2004.

Deng Xiaoping Chronicle (1975-1997) (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2004.

[8] Deng Xiaoping’s diplomatic thought study outline [M]. Beijing: World Knowledge Publishing House, 2000.

[9] Selected Important Documents in the Thirty Years of Reform and Opening-up (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2008.

[10] Deng Xiaoping Chronicle (1975-1997) (below) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 2004.

[11] Recalling Deng Xiaoping (I) [M]. Beijing: Central Literature Publishing House, 1998.

[12] Liu Huaqiu. On Deng Xiaoping’s International Strategic Thought [J]. Party Literature, 2007, (2).

[13] Hu Jintao. Striving unswervingly along the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics to build a well-off society in an all-round way-report in The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [N]. People’s Daily, November 18, 2012.

(The author is an associate researcher in the third editing and research department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Literature Research Office)

Source: Deng Xiaoping Theory Studies in Mao Zedong, No.5, 2015.

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The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning of cold wave, strong cooling, strong winds and dust.

　　Cctv newsThe Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning of cold wave on the morning of March 10th. Due to the influence of cold wave, it is estimated that the temperature in most areas of central and eastern China will drop by 6 ~ 10℃ from 10th to 12th, and the temperature in Inner Mongolia, North China, Huanghuai and eastern Jianghuai will drop by 12℃, partially exceeding 16℃. There are 4 ~ 6 winds and 7 ~ 9 gusts in the above areas, and 6 ~ 8 winds and 9~11 gusts in most offshore areas of China.

　　The live monitoring shows that the temperature in North China and Huanghuai has risen rapidly in the daytime recently. Yesterday, the highest temperature in Shahe, Hebei Province reached 32.1℃, ranking first in the national meteorological observatory. At the same time, Zhengzhou (30.8℃) and Shijiazhuang (30.3℃) are also the first northern capital cities to break through 30℃ this year.

　　Meteorologists reminded that before the arrival of the cold wave, the effect of "warming before the front" in the central and eastern regions was very obvious. Today, during the day, the temperature in some areas of Hebei, Shandong and Henan may still exceed the 30 C mark, but with the arrival of the weekend, the strong cooling will quickly cover most areas north of South China, especially the maximum temperature will drop sharply; The lowest temperature in this cold wave occurred on the morning of 13th, and the lowest temperature line of 0℃ will be located in the south of Shaanxi, the west of Henan, the south of Hebei and Tianjin, and the lowest temperature in the east of Shandong and the northeast of Jiangsu will also reach about 0℃. Please ask the public to add clothes in time and take good measures to prevent cold and keep warm.

　　In addition to strong winds and cooling, there will be dusty weather in the northwest and north China today and tomorrow. The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning of sandstorms on the morning of the 10th. Today, from day to night, some areas in eastern and southern Xinjiang, western Gansu, most of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, north-central Shaanxi, Shanxi, north-central Hebei, Beijing and other places have sand or floating dust weather, and some areas in central Inner Mongolia have sandstorms.

　　In addition, there will be obvious snowfall and local blizzard in the northwest of Heilongjiang and northeast of Inner Mongolia; There is rainy weather in most parts of the south, and the cumulative rainfall in some parts of the south of the Yangtze River can exceed 50 mm. Please pay close attention to the weather forecast and early warning information released by the local meteorological department, and pay attention to prevent the adverse effects of slippery roads and icing caused by rain and snow on traffic.

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The best age for HPV vaccination is 9 to 14 years old.

　　Cervical cancer is one of the common gynecological cancers and one of the few cancers that can be prevented by vaccine. Experts suggest that the incidence of cervical cancer in China tends to be younger, but the women who are willing to vaccinate HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine are generally older. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the vaccination of young women.

　　Bi Hui, the chief physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital, found that most of the outpatients who came to consult about HPV vaccination were women over 25 years old, and teenagers aged 13 to 18 only occasionally saw them, and few parents brought their daughters to consult about HPV vaccination.

　　Bi Wei said: "In China, bivalent and tetravalent HPV vaccines are currently approved for women aged 9 to 45, and nine-valent HPV vaccines are suitable for women aged 16 to 26. HPV vaccine has the best effect before sexual life, and teenagers should be the key population. The best vaccination age recommended by the World Health Organization is 9 to 14 years old. Our country’s guide recommends 13 to 15 years old as the key population. "

　　According to reports, viruses such as HPV are divided into multiple subtypes, which can be classified into high-risk and low-risk types. High-risk type can cause cervical cancer, anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, etc. Low-risk type can cause flat wart, common wart and condyloma acuminatum on the skin. The main route of transmission of high-risk HPV is sexual transmission.

　　Bi Wei introduced that in recent years, a study of more than 130,000 gynecological outpatients in eight tertiary hospitals across the country showed that the infection rate of high-risk HPV was nearly one-fifth.

　　Studies have shown that bivalent and tetravalent HPV vaccines can prevent about 70% of cervical cancer and nine-valent vaccines can prevent about 90% of cervical cancer due to the different number of preventable virus subtypes. Experts emphasize that vaccination can greatly reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

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Test drive Aouita 12, steering wheel ＂bright blind＂？

Family, today’s test drive of Aouita 12, this steering wheel is almost "bright blind"! When I saw the octagon, my heart tightened. Can this be reliable? However, after going on the road, I was amazed at the comfortable grip, and the automatic heating function instantly warmed my hands and heart. The steering is ridiculously accurate, as if the car follows the heart. The big screen is almost unobstructed, and the field of vision is so wide that I think I am flying a plane. Cool!

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Ten Common Faults of ＂Collection＂ Automobile Gearbox and Their Causes Analysis

The gearbox of a car, like the engine, is an oversized part of the car, and the cost can account for 15-30% of the whole car price. Generally, there will be no fault in the gearbox, but a fault is a big trouble. Today, we selected ten common faults of automobile gearbox and analyzed them one by one to share with you.

Common fault 1: oil leakage

Fault analysis:There is oil oozing from the gearbox housing or oil pan, one reason is that the seal is aging and the seal is poor; Another reason is that the shell has trachoma caused by poor manufacturing process.

Common faults 2: delayed entry, impact and engine flameout.

Fault analysis:The normal standard for entering the gear is to feel entering the gear within 1-1.2 seconds. When the brake pedal is released, the vehicle will slowly start without stepping on the accelerator pedal and gradually extract the speed of 10-20km/h..

If it is more than 2 seconds after entering the file, locate the delay of entering the file. This situation needs immediate repair.

If there is a strong impact feeling when entering the gear, the impact will be positioned.It should be noted that any automatic gearbox has a certain degree of impact when it enters the gear.If there is no feeling at all, it means that there is an internal fault. However, this shock is unacceptable, and the causes of this fault phenomenon are very complicated, including many aspects except gearbox.

The situation of dead fire when entering the gear is that the engine will die when entering the gear. This problem is more obvious when the car is cold. This problem is caused by gearbox problems and other body systems.

Common fault 3: hang in D or R, and the engine is turned off.

Fault analysis:This failure may be caused by the damage of the locking solenoid valve or the card issue of the locking control valve.

After shifting into D or R gear and releasing the brake, the vehicle does not move. Or the car can travel a short distance after the cold car starts, but it can’t travel in the hot car state. This situation is mostly caused by the damage of input shaft or reverse clutch, or the damage of D/R brake. It may also be that the automatic gearbox is seriously leaking oil and is seriously short of oil. The connecting rod or cable between the shift lever and the rocker arm of the manual valve is loose, and the manual valve is kept in neutral or parking position.

Common fault 4: the oil inlet screen is blocked; The main oil circuit is seriously leaking; Oil pump damage

Fault analysis:The impact and impact of vehicle shifting during driving is also a common fault phenomenon of automatic gearbox, which may be caused by too dirty gearbox oil, resulting in stuck valve body.

Common fault 5: the gearbox slips and the acceleration is weak; Transmission water inlet

Fault analysis:When the car is running, there is the sound of engine idling during the acceleration of the gas valve, and the speed of the car does not increase, which makes the whole car feel weak. This phenomenon is mostly caused by the burning of the clutch plate. Water enters the gearbox due to external reasons, resulting in abnormal operation of the gearbox. This may be due to oil in the water tank or water entering from the gearbox vent cap.

Common fault six: abnormal sound

Fault analysis:Abnormal sound can be divided into many situations. (1) is the abnormal sound of the bearing. Generally, the abnormal sound of the bearing is closely related to the rotational speed. The higher the rotational speed, the more screams there are.

(2) is the differential or main transmission gear abnormal sound, this kind of abnormal sound generally appears in the speed of 50-70 km is more obvious, because the meshing surface of the gear is not

Similarly, when refueling, the noise is obvious, and the noise of releasing the throttle is obviously weakened.

(3) is the abnormal sound of hydraulic system such as oil pump, which is closely related to the speed, but has nothing to do with the speed. When the speed is high, the oil pump is blocked to suck oil, which leads to screaming. It should be noted that the gearbox system works together with the bow | engine, chassis and other parts, and many sounds are mixed together, so it is not easy to identify it.

Common Fault 7: Odor in the box

Fault analysis:The gearbox works by hydraulic oil. When the oil temperature is too high, it will produce some combustion, and these peculiar smells will come out, which shows that some executive parts in the gearbox are not working properly.

Common fault 8: Automatic shift time is too long or too short.

Fault analysis:Generally, automatic gearboxes have a specific shift speed and speed. If it is found that the shift time is suddenly too long or too short, it means that the transmission ratio of the gearbox is out of proportion, and at the same time, it will feel that the engine speed is too high. What’s more, the gearbox does not shift gears, which indicates that there is something wrong with the gearbox.

Common fault 9: high engine speed while driving

Fault analysis:This problem is divided into two situations: high speed during steady driving and high speed during speed increase.

The high rotating speed during the steady process is caused by the failure of the high gear of the gearbox or the failure of the internal locking clutch of the button changer, so the gearbox needs to be repaired immediately.

The excessive speed in the speed-up process is controlled by the fuzzy logic of the electronic control system of the gearbox, so this standard needs a certain professional level to be completed.

Common fault 10: Engine idling

Fault analysis:Engine idling generally occurs in two situations.

First, when the vehicle is in a steady state, the bow and engine suddenly idling, and then it returns to normal when the speed slows down.

This situation generally shows that the gearbox suddenly drops from high gear to low gear in a short time, and the problem may be in the control system or cooling system, but there is nothing wrong with the gearbox itself.

Second, there is a short-term slip and idling phenomenon during acceleration or gear shifting.

The intuitive feeling is that the second one is not as powerful as the first one. In fact, it is just the opposite. Most of the problems of the second one lie in the clutch and other related links in the gearbox. It takes a lot more time and cost to deal with the complete disintegration and overhaul of the gearbox.

Have you learned everything?

About automobile knowledge and daily maintenance, repair, welcome private letter exchange.

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Talk about cancer, don’t change color, and understand these knowledge points

Talk about cancer, don't change color, and understand these knowledge points

　　April 15th to 21st this year is the 30th National Cancer Prevention Publicity Week, with the theme of "Comprehensive Policy"
Scientific cancer prevention. " Cancer is the main disease that threatens the health of Chinese residents. People are afraid of cancer, but they don’t understand it systematically. To this end, the reporter combed some knowledge points about cancer prevention and cancer prevention.

　　-which cancers have a high incidence?

　　Recently, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer released the latest global cancer burden data, and China’s National Cancer Center also published "Analysis on the Prevalence of Malignant Tumors in China in 2022" in the Chinese Journal of Cancer. The results show that in 2022, there were 2.48 million new cases of lung cancer in the world, and it became the "largest cancer in the world" again. The disease burden of lung cancer in China is more prominent, ranking first in the sequence of cancer incidence and death. The top ten cancers in China are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer.

　　-cancer cases "men and women are different"

　　According to the latest data of "Analysis of Cancer Epidemiology in China in 2022", in 2022, there were about 4,824,700 new cancer cases in China (2,533,900 males and 2,290,800 females). Among the male population, the top five high-risk cancers are lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer in turn, accounting for about 65% of the total number of new cases of male cancer. Among women, the most common cancer is lung cancer, followed by breast cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer and cervical cancer, accounting for about 64% of the total number of new cases of female cancer.

　　-The incidence of cancer is "younger"

　　In the past, cancer was usually thought to occur in middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old. In the past 30 years, the incidence of cancer among people under the age of 50 has been rising all over the world. According to the analysis data, the incidence of cancer in China is relatively low in the age group of 0-34, but it increases significantly from the age group of 35-39 (about 125.24 per 100,000 people) until it reaches its peak in the age group of 80-84 (about 1461.63 per 100,000 people). The overall incidence rate of men in the age group of 25 to 54 is lower than that of women, but after 60 years old, the incidence rate is higher than that of women.

　　Most nodules are not cancer.

　　Pulmonary nodules are not equal to lung cancer, and not all of them will develop into lung cancer. 95% of pulmonary nodules found in general physical examination are benign, but some benign lesions may turn into malignant in the long run. Thyroid nodules are common diseases in endocrine system. About one fifth of adults in China have thyroid nodules, and most benign thyroid nodules do not need special treatment, so regular follow-up is enough. Breast nodules are not a single disease, but a symptom or physiological state. Clinically, there are more benign breast nodules and fewer malignant ones, so high-risk groups should increase the frequency of physical examination appropriately.

　　Smoking is still the main risk of cancer.

　　According to The Lancet, nearly 4.45 million cancer deaths are caused by risk factors such as smoking, drinking and obesity, accounting for 44.4% of all cancer deaths in the world. Smoking is still the main risk factor of cancer in the world. Among the male population in China, the number of lung cancer deaths caused by smoking accounts for 24%. National Health Commission’s "Report on the Health Hazards of Smoking in China 2020" pointed out that from 2007 to 2017, the global smoking rate of people aged 15 and over decreased, about 19.2%, but in 2018, the smoking rate of people aged 15 and over in China reached 26.6%. In addition, as high as 68.1% of non-smokers in China have been exposed to second-hand smoke in public places, and the harm cannot be ignored.

　　-men should also prevent breast cancer.

　　Breast cancer is not exclusive to women, and men also have breast tissue, and they may also get breast cancer. However, there are relatively few breast tissues in men, and male breast cancer is rare. In 2022, for example, there were 357,200 cases of female breast cancer in China, and only 0.41 million cases of male breast cancer. Common symptoms of male breast cancer include breast pain, nipple depression, nipple rupture, nipple itching and desquamation, nipple discharge and bleeding. When breast tumors are found at the beginning, especially those near nipples, they should be examined early.

　　-cancer prevention physical examination for high-risk groups should be conducted regularly.

　　Anti-cancer physical examination is not the same as general physical examination. The general physical examination is aimed at the health examination of the general population, while the anti-cancer physical examination is aimed at the high-risk group of cancer. If you have a family history of cancer, long-term exposure to toxic and harmful substances or occupational exposure, long-term or heavy smoking and drinking, you should have regular cancer prevention physical examination.

　　Reporter: Zhao Dandan, Dong Ruifeng, Ma Xiaoyuan and Hu Ge.

　　Cartography: Hugo

[Editor in charge:

]

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Spring Festival, let the world perceive Chinese culture.

　　Spring Festival, let the world perceive Chinese culture (commentator’s observation)

　　Culture is not only a way of life, but also a spiritual concept. The Spring Festival culture can span mountains and seas, and it is precisely because of it that people have a common feeling in their hearts.

　　The ideology, humanistic spirit and moral norms contained in Chinese excellent traditional culture are of great value to solving the common problems faced by mankind.

　　Show the development and progress of contemporary China and the wonderful life of contemporary Chinese, and present a more three-dimensional, more comprehensive and richer China for foreign people.

　　In Australia, a well-known local chocolate manufacturer specially launched a pig-shaped chocolate to celebrate the Lunar New Year in China. In Argentina, the "Happy Spring Festival" temple fair has become a local "new festival"; In Finland, people watch the dragon and lion dances and celebrate the New Year in sync with China … In the Spring Festival holiday just past, not only China was full of strong flavor of the Year, but also the whole world was full of China elements, filled with the breath of the Year of China.

　　The Spring Festival culture is blooming in the world, bringing different life fireworks and cultural interests to foreigners. Drink a bowl of Laba porridge and experience "it is the year after Laba"; Wear a red suit and get a good color; Visit a temple fair and feel the lively atmosphere of the Spring Festival in China. The constantly "going out" Spring Festival culture brings unique scenery to the world festival culture; Appreciating China’s culture through "being there" also opens a window for people of all countries to observe and perceive China. The world is full of interest in China and more recognition of Chinese culture, which is not only the demand of civilized communication, but also the economic connection and market drive. But fundamentally, it is because of the continuous enhancement of China’s comprehensive national strength and the continuous improvement of Chinese cultural influence.

　　Culture is not only a way of life, but also a spiritual concept. Nowadays, more and more foreigners are attracted by China’s traditional customs and touched by the values and spiritual pursuits conveyed by Chinese culture. Spring Festival couplets, window grilles, firecrackers, New Year’s Eve dinners, wine-keeping, and New Year’s greetings are customs with a strong sense of ceremony, which convey Chinese’s hope for a better life, his persistence in family values, and his pursuit of reunion and sharing. No matter where you are or what language you speak, these simple feelings are the common wishes of people. Therefore, the British guy who writes Spring Festival couplets for the first time will write "happiness" and "love" one by one on the Chinese characters saved in his mobile phone; The Moroccan girl, who is full of novelty about China’s calligraphy, also insists on asking for a calligraphy style for everyone in her family. The Spring Festival culture can span mountains and seas, and it is precisely because of it that people have a common feeling in their hearts.

　　The British philosopher Bertrand Russell said, "There are some things in China’s supreme ethical quality that are badly needed in the modern world". The ideology, humanistic spirit and moral norms contained in Chinese excellent traditional culture not only conserve Chinese’s spiritual life and construct the spiritual space of the Chinese nation, but also have great value in solving the common problems faced by mankind. From the development concept of "Taoism is natural" and "harmony between man and nature", to the world imagination of "harmony among nations", "faith and harmony", and then to the community consciousness of destiny of "helping each other in the same boat" and "sharing weal and woe", these ethical qualities, which are constantly nourished and moistened by Chinese excellent traditional culture, have aroused more resonance all over the world, providing "new possibilities" for solving the common problems faced by mankind. This is the deep-seated reason why the Spring Festival culture is so popular all over the world.

　　Of course, the "going out" of China culture today is not only to introduce excellent traditional culture, but also to spread excellent contemporary culture and show the development and progress of contemporary China and the wonderful life of contemporary Chinese. During the Spring Festival this year, many activities to show new images and styles went abroad, which made foreign people shine. For example, the "Happy China Year Charming Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei" event was unveiled in Los Angeles, USA, allowing local people to get a close look at the results of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; Light up the theme cultural activities of the 2022 Winter Olympics and enter Switzerland to witness the vision and efforts of China’s "Frozen" and "300 million people on the ice and snow" with the people of Snow Country. China’s books "going abroad", film and television programs "going out to sea" and various overseas public welfare and voluntary services also complement the Spring Festival culture, making the story of "going out" in China and China culture more vivid and vivid, and presenting a more three-dimensional, comprehensive and rich China for foreign people.

　　"Celebrate the new year and the old year together, and welcome you all night.". Chinese culture has accumulated the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, and it is a rich nourishment for the endless development and growth of the Chinese nation. Taking the Spring Festival culture "going out" as an opportunity to introduce more outstanding Chinese culture to the world and make it "alive" and "hot", we can continuously enhance the world appeal of Chinese culture and contribute more China wisdom to solving human problems.

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No clothes, no robes： designing ＂barrier-free clothing＂ for the disabled

　　Zhang Xiaoli is designing clothes. The picture is provided by the interviewee

　　Xu Jinze is massaging his clients. The picture is provided by the interviewee

　　Life photos of Ganshanna. The picture is provided by the interviewee

　　Zhang Xiaoli’s team designed a dress for Ganshanna. The picture is provided by the interviewee

　　Hu Wenbing was awarded the honorary title of Hubei Model Worker. The picture is provided by the interviewee

　　"Try not to go out and drink water."

　　It takes Wang Juan 20 minutes to an hour to get dressed once.

　　As a paraplegic patient with cervical spinal cord injury, she has no consciousness below the clavicle, only her arms can move slightly. Dressing is the first topic every day among the many difficulties she has to face in life.

　　After years of exploration, Wang Juan has developed a suit of dressing procedures.

　　First of all, she needs someone to help her. This person is usually her mother. Every morning, Wang Juan lies flat on the bed, and her mother lifts her leg, first puts the foot cover into trouser legs, and then pulls the waistband up a little. Usually at the thigh, the pants can’t be pulled. Mother wants Wang Juan to lie on her side, lift her waist and thighs, and then continue to pull the pants until she can’t.

　　Then the other leg, repeat the same process until the pants are completely put on.

　　"It’s like a pancake that has been tossed from side to side." Wang Juan teased himself.

　　Put on her pants and she can be moved to a wheelchair to put on her coat. The upper body is out of control, so she can only lie in her mother’s arms and keep her back hanging with her mother’s support, so that the clothes piled up at the shoulder and neck can be pulled down.

　　There are few clothes in summer, and in winter, from thermal underwear to knee pads, you have to put them on your body layer by layer, so Wang Juan chooses to go out less.

　　I have to bend down to dress my daughter. Wang Juan’s mother suffers from lumbar muscle strain. Although she has raised the bed and put on an auxiliary belt, she still needs to rest several times during dressing. Looking at all this in bed, Wang Juan couldn’t help thinking, "What should I do if my mother can’t take care of me one day?"? I want to go back to the original appearance and stay in bed? "

　　There are more than 85 million disabled people in China. In recent years, their situation has attracted more and more public attention, and the construction of barrier-free facilities in public spaces has been improved. However, in private spaces, they still have many individual and specific needs, and dressing is one of them.

　　For Li Feiyu, 24, dressing is no longer a problem. When she was 7 years old, she was paralyzed by acute myelitis, and for the next 17 years, she was accompanied by a wheelchair. The mother did not take care of her daughter as a weak person, but asked her to take care of herself as much as possible within her ability.

　　Li Feiyu can’t remember the details of learning to dress as a child, leaving only the impression of "very hard and difficult". What she remembers deeply is a set of dressing movements that have been practiced. Li Feiyu feels that it is more difficult for many people who encounter disability difficulties in adulthood to learn to wear clothes than themselves.

　　Li Feiyu works as a volunteer tutor in a public welfare project called "Life Reconstruction", teaching people to wear undresses in wheelchairs. I can’t talk about any skills. Most of the time, the tutor can only do it by himself. By repeatedly undressing, the students can follow suit.

　　It is not difficult to learn the process and skills. After two or three days of classes, most students can master the basic skills. The hard part is that after that, they need to let their skills and limbs run in for a long time, and finally find the best dressing tips for them.

　　Li Feiyu remembers a former weightlifter. After the girl was paralyzed by spinal cord injury, she became strongly dependent on her parents and relatives and refused to take care of herself. When she first entered the training camp, she called the nurse for help in everything. Li Feiyu patiently guided her and taught her how to dress independently. Pants can’t be lifted up, and girls used to think that they were not strong enough. "But she is a weightlifter. It can’t be a matter of strength. She just didn’t find the trick." Li Feiyu recalled.

　　"This is a cognitive problem. Many disabled people think that I am sick, I can’t, and others have to help me. This concept is very dangerous. I hope disabled friends can have a more independent life." Wang Juan said.

　　"Independence" is limited after all. For example, when going to the toilet, the reporter learned in the interview that many wheelchair users with lower limbs paralysis will try not to drink water when going out, because going to the toilet is very troublesome. They need to lift their bodies from the wheelchair with their arms, and then one person will help them to take off their pants. Because their lower limbs can’t stand, they can’t sit on the toilet in a normal posture like ordinary people. Someone needs to set them up and ride backwards on the toilet with the barrier-free handrail.

　　In 2006, Wang Wenjuan, who taught in the Department of Fashion and Costume Design of Beijing University of Technology, went to Chaoyang District Disabled Persons’ Federation for investigation. A wheelchair user calmly showed her the whole process of going to the toilet, while the scholar cried.

　　She thought, there is a surplus of fashion for the able-bodied and the disabled have never owned their own clothes in the real sense. "We should see more of the needs of these minorities."

　　Real designers are not designers.

　　The concept of "barrier-free design" was born in the architectural field at the beginning of the 20th century. The original intention of this concept is to create a "convenient, safe, equal and participatory" space for the disabled by using modern architectural design skills.

　　At the beginning of this century, in China, few people tried to combine "barrier-free" with "clothing design". Therefore, when the design team of Beijing University of Technology began to do relevant research, everything seemed to "cross the river by feeling the stones".

　　Wang Wenjuan recalled that she and her team members sought support from the Disabled Persons’ Federation and set up a research meeting. However, most people with disabilities are inconvenient to go out, so they go to other activities organized by the Disabled Persons’ Federation to conduct on-the-spot research while the participants are resting. In order to better understand the immediate needs of the disabled, they will try to reconstruct the scene, such as tying their arms with ropes to simulate armless people, or wearing protective gear to experience the feelings of hemiplegic patients.

　　In such research, they found some real needs. For example, most armless people use their feet instead of their hands, so they need to consider adding more functional designs to their lower body clothes, "putting pockets on their legs"; The underarms of crutches bear pressure and friction for a long time, so it is necessary to consider increasing the wear resistance and breathability of the underarm fabric of their tops; Visually impaired people have higher requirements for shoes. When they walk, they usually need to "explore the road with their feet", and the wear rate of shoe tips is high.

　　Different types of disabled people have different needs for clothing. Even people with similar disabled parts, individual differences in concept, symptoms and body shape make their demands for clothing different. These demands are hidden and complicated, which put forward very high requirements for the preliminary research work of the design team of Beijing University of Technology.

　　"Wheelchair users" is the research focus of the design team of Beijing University of Technology. On the one hand, they have the most prominent clothing barriers, and on the other hand, people with physical disabilities are the largest in all disability categories, accounting for about 29%.

　　For "wheelchair people", clothing design should not only realize the basic functions such as "putting on and taking off conveniently", but also pay attention to the needs of many details. For example, pants should be high-waisted, because they usually need to wear diapers to go out, and high-waisted pants can cover the upper edge of diapers; The crotch design needs to be wider than ordinary people’s pants, because wheelchair users sit for a long time all the year round, and the waist and buttocks are easy to accumulate fat; Cuffs are easy to wear because they often push wheelchairs, and at the same time, complicated design should be avoided to prevent them from being involved in wheelchairs; For men, ordinary belts and front crotch zippers may cause sedentary discomfort.

　　"People with disabilities are eager for us to solve the problem. In fact, they didn’t have much idea about clothes before, thinking that clothes should be worn like this and they are used to it." Wang Wenjuan said.

　　Before understanding the concept of "barrier-free clothing", Zhang Xiaoli was such a patient. At the age of 11, she was forced to sit in a wheelchair because of the severe kyphosis deformity of 180 degrees, which compressed her nerves and caused paralysis of her lower limbs.

　　"I used to feel unconsciously that there were no clothes suitable for us. I couldn’t buy clothes and I couldn’t wear the confidence of ordinary people." Zhang Xiaoli recalled, "I have never worn a skirt beautifully, and it is my biggest dream to wear a dress properly."

　　Twelve years later, 23-year-old Zhang Xiaoli finished spinal orthopedic surgery and put on a skirt. She cried happily, which also prompted her to think further: "Why are there no clothes specially made for the disabled?"

　　In 2021, Zhang Xiaoli came across the enrollment brochure of Chengdu Textile College and came up with the idea of making clothes for the disabled. She applied for this school and began to study fashion design. With the support of her teachers, she established a design team of "barrier-free clothing".

　　She named this project "23-degree Clothing Setting" because in her hometown of Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, 23 degrees Celsius is the most comfortable temperature, and she also learned that the most comfortable temperature that human body can feel is 23 degrees Celsius.

　　"This is what I understand as barrier-free clothing. People with disabilities can find the most suitable and comfortable feeling by wearing such clothes." Zhang Xiaoli said.

　　In Wang Wenjuan’s view, the core of "barrier-free clothing" is its functionality, and "solving problems is the first purpose". For example, she and her team designed the "barrier-free and convenient pants" for wheelchair users, and designed the pants as a piece of cloth-style fully open style. Instead of lying on the bed as before, they can be spread on the wheelchair, sit directly on it, and then zip the open cloth edge. At the same time, in order to solve the toilet problem of wheelchair users, this team has made a crotch design that can be opened and closed directly from behind, reducing the steps of wearing and taking off.

　　Wang Wenjuan recalled that to design a barrier-free garment, it is necessary to know the actual needs of the disabled people through investigation and study, and make repeated measurements and communication during the design process to constantly confirm the specific situation of the wearer.

　　"It’s not a one-off event, but an iterative process." Wang Wenjuan said, "So the real designers of barrier-free clothing are not the designers themselves, but those with disabilities. We just help them complete the design according to their needs."

　　Put it on, not hide it.

　　Zhang Peng, a professor at the Department of Fashion Design of Beijing University of Technology, pointed out that it is important to consider the functionality when designing barrier-free clothing, and at the same time, it is also necessary to consider the wearer’s acceptance in psychology and emotional dimension, and it is necessary to pay attention to both function and aesthetics.

　　In the survey, the team found that when people with disabilities are asked about their demands on the appearance of clothes, their expression is often: "Please let me be like a normal person."

　　"Being normal" is Ganshanna’s dream.

　　Similar to Zhang Xiaoli, Ganshanna suffers from severe scoliosis. Looking from the back, her right waist is empty, while her left waist protrudes high, and the height difference between her shoulders is significant.

　　When she was a child, Ganshanna never dared to think about her "favorite clothes" because she could only wear "suitable clothes". When mother and grandmother buy clothes for her, the first principle has always been "how to better cover up the physical abnormality".

　　Ganshanna wears a lot of clothes that she doesn’t like, but she never asks, "because I think it’s good that I can have clothes to wear."

　　She drew her longing on paper. The clothes she likes but can’t wear are quietly hidden in the album by her. "It seems that they belong to me after painting." She remembers that there was a beautiful girl in the class who had beautiful and inexhaustible clothes. Ganshanna was a little jealous, but more envious. "I want to be friends with her, and I want to be close to my ideal type."

　　The reality is that Ganshanna’s fantasy is always broken by her classmates’ abuse of "monsters". She suppressed her desire for beautiful clothes. "I don’t think anything a little better suits me, so I can’t think about pursuing it anymore."

　　Wang Juan and Ganshanna have similar mental processes.

　　Recalling the days before the car accident at the age of 19, Wang Juan would talk about her fighting with friends, running, shopping and wearing high heels herself.

　　There used to be many pairs of high heels in Wang Juan, with different materials, colors and heel heights … … Fill the shoe cabinet. Later, she got into a wheelchair and threw away all her high heels.

　　She said that you don’t need many shoes in a wheelchair, because you don’t need to walk, and a pair of shoes can last for a long time. For her paralyzed lower limbs, a pair of shoes is far more important than "good-looking". Give her shoes, mother should squat down in front of her legs, try to loosen her knees, and then slowly put her feet into the shoes. There is always a toothbrush in the storage bag on the back of her wheelchair. When she can’t put on her shoes, her mother will use the toothbrush back to smooth the toes in the shoes.

　　Wang Juan always wears those pairs of shoes that are convenient to put on and take off, and more importantly, "I don’t want to see my old high heels again."

　　A few years before the accident, Wang Juan was lying in bed all day, counting the folds on the curtains, counting from left to right, and counting the concave surfaces before counting the convex surfaces. "That’s the only place my eyes can see except the ceiling.".

　　At that time, she no longer had any expectations for life and the future.

　　The turning point came in 2015. Teachers from the local Disabled Persons’ Federation Rehabilitation Center found Wang Juan and invited her to participate in a public welfare training camp for people with spinal cord injuries.

　　"I don’t know how to describe it in words, but this training camp has such magic. You have found a group life similar to yours. When you see others’ self-confidence and cheerfulness, you will feel that I can change my life and live well."

　　Wang Juan recalled that when he first entered the camp, many people didn’t wear shoes, or wore colorful thick-soled wool socks knitted by rural elders. She explained that these people are at home all the year round and have no need to go out, so they don’t need shoes; Or they want to continue the state at home, what it is like at home, and it is still the same outside.

　　There is a boy with a head of hair that obviously collapses on one side. Wang Juan thinks of herself. She also has the same hairstyle when she is in bed all the year round. She used to love to wear clothes, go shopping and buy fashion. After paralysis, she wore a flower sleeping jacket all day. "I don’t think there is any problem with this. It seems that everyone agrees that this is what I should wear."

　　When she arrived at the training camp, Wang Juan saw that some injured friends who were also in wheelchairs were dressed appropriately. After returning home, she asked her mother to take out one of her down jackets and didn’t want to go out in cotton pajamas. Mother’s first reaction was to refuse. She concluded that Wang Juan could not put on her old clothes, and most of them were given away or thrown away.

　　At Wang Juan’s insistence, her mother helped her put on the down jacket. It was just a very ordinary and plain black down jacket, but she never forgot it.

　　Wang Juan asked her mother why she felt that she couldn’t wear her old clothes. She remembered her mother mumbling, "I don’t know what to think, but I think you can’t wear your old clothes."

　　After the training camp, at a party with injured friends, Wang Juan bought the first hairband after the injury. "You ask me why I want to buy it? I don’t know. But I saw it when I was shopping. At that moment, I saw myself through the mirror. I thought I was beautiful. I think I want to have it, I should have it, and I deserve it. "

　　Ganshanna has also gained the sense of beauty and dignity brought by dress.

　　When she was a freshman in high school, she bravely tried on a lavender "Lolita" dress under the recommendation of a friend. For her who has always had a strong sense of inferiority, it is a great challenge to try such a gorgeous dress style. Unexpectedly, she won the admiration of her classmates.

　　This is the first time Ganshanna has gained confidence because of her appearance. After that, she tried different styles of dresses. With the support and encouragement of her friends, she gradually became indifferent to the negative comments.

　　"People who praise me will shout it out louder." She said, "I feel that I also have the right to pursue beauty."

　　When she was in college, Ganshanna heard of Zhang Xiaoli’s "23-degree dress-fixing" project in a fashion design competition, and "she felt stabbed in the heart at once". This is also the first time she has heard of "barrier-free clothing".

　　After getting to know the Zhang Xiaoli team, Ganshanna has a "customized skirt". The "A-shaped" version well covers her distorted waistline due to scoliosis, and the bow that unfolds obliquely at the back visually adjusts her high and low shoulders.

　　This dress also implies the blessing of Zhang Xiaoli team members to Ganshanna: "I hope she can change like a butterfly."

　　The design is trapped in the drawings.

　　When studying "barrier-free clothing" in 2006, the Department of Clothing and Clothing Design of Beijing University of Technology was still a "lonely pioneer". Nowadays, it has many "teammates", and many universities across the country have successively carried out research on "barrier-free clothing". However, until today, many design concepts are still trapped in drawings, and there are few real industrialized products.

　　Some international clothing brands have also entered the field of design and production of barrier-free clothing. Tommy Hilfiger, an American casual clothing brand, designed jeans that can cover artificial limbs for people with disabilities; Nike, a sports brand, has developed a series of "GO FlyEase" sports shoes for the disabled. Some barrier-free fashion brands have emerged, such as Rebrith Garment and Tenbo. According to the report of Coherent Market Insights, an international data analysis organization, the global barrier-free clothing market is expected to reach 400 billion US dollars in 2026.

　　Since 2017, several domestic enterprises have contacted the service team of Beijing University of Technology to discuss cooperation matters, including a well-known down jacket enterprise. Finally, after being evaluated by the marketing department, the brand gave up its investment and turned to overseas markets with more profitable space. There are also some venture capital companies that are more willing to speculate on concepts.

　　"We hope to serve social groups, but corporate investors are more concerned about benefits." Wang Wenjuan helpless way. She understands the concerns of enterprises, and the research and development of "barrier-free clothing" is difficult and the production cost is high. Choosing "barrier-free clothing" means rebuilding the team and production line. "All design teams and technical teams … … The materials may be different from before, and the risks faced by enterprises are great.

　　In addition, different from the garment design of healthy people, the individual status of disabled people is very different, and there is no "standard size" due to the lack of relevant measurement data, which makes it difficult to achieve assembly line mass production of garments and needs to be customized according to individual needs.

　　"The ideal state is to be able to solve individuality from commonness." Wang Wenjuan said. But it also means greater investment in research and development.

　　Wuhan textile University professor Yan Jun introduced that the overall size of foreign garment industry is small, with a long development time and a high degree of refinement. "They can have 11 sizes for a pair of trousers, and we may generally have only 4 sizes. Foreign garment enterprises are more accepting of the complexity of garment production."

　　China’s clothing industry has the origin of cooperation with foreign trade enterprises after the reform and opening up, and it has the gene of mass production itself. Mass production is the consensus of many clothing enterprises, which will also affect the willingness of enterprises to invest in "barrier-free clothing".

　　Compared with the high cost of original design, the cost of pirated clothing is low. According to Wang Wenjuan, in recent years, China has paid great attention to the protection of patent property rights, and the designers’ association has been studying the issue of clothing copyright, but clothing is too easy to be pirated. "You have worked hard, and if you put it into the market, it may be pirated immediately. You are helping them develop it at no cost."

　　Even if we can go to the last stage of production, sales will be a big problem. There are more than 85 million disabled people in China. On May 15th this year, the China Disabled Persons’ Federation held a theme conference on the Day of Helping the Disabled, indicating that by the end of 2022, 10.455 million disabled people would be included in the minimum living guarantee. Most people with disabilities have low economic level and poor consumption power. The price of "barrier-free clothing" of foreign brands is thousands of yuan, which is difficult for them to afford.

　　"The difficulties faced by barrier-free clothing are all aspects. It is a comprehensive and systematic problem. It is indeed valuable, but it is also difficult and needs to be promoted slowly." Wang Wenjuan concluded.

　　Clothing is a symbol.

　　Xu Jinze is a visually impaired person who has long been concerned about the protection of the rights and interests of disabled groups. In his view, the development dilemma of "barrier-free clothing" essentially reflects the general survival dilemma of disabled groups.

　　He cited his visually impaired group as an example. On the surface, most visually impaired people’s dressing styles are very simple, simple and conservative. On the one hand, it is because of visual impairment that they limit their imagination of dressing. The deeper reason, he thinks, is that the visually impaired group "has a single living and growing environment, which leads to their single demand for beauty and clothing."

　　He has been engaged in massage for the blind for a long time and is currently a partner of a chain massage brand. According to him, there are 17 million visually impaired people in China, and about 1.8 million people have formal jobs, and 90% of them are engaged in massage for the blind. On the other hand, most visually impaired people were educated in blind schools and grew up in a closed environment.

　　"The environment in which we grow up, live and work defines our future, and clothing is just a representation under this definition. When we discuss clothing, we should pay attention to the humanistic factors and social problems behind it. "

　　Compared with discussing "barrier-free clothing" from an industrial perspective, Xu Jinze believes that what this field needs more is actually a kind of "multi-integration" of society. The relationship between healthy people and disabled people should not be simply "seeing and being seen", but "accepting and being accepted". "We are all surrounded by a specific environment. It is not that you are unwilling to help us. It is that you can’t find our needs, and even we don’t know our own needs. We are separated."

　　Xu Jinze mentioned that in Japan, visually impaired students can also study in normal public schools, and there will be teachers in charge of special education who will come to the school and class where the student is located to help him coach Braille and have barrier-free communication with his classmates. If this process continues from primary school to higher education, the student will naturally blend in with the surrounding environment, and after graduation, he will have the opportunity to engage in more kinds of jobs, without having to call for "getting to know each other" after he becomes an adult.

　　Hu Wenbing, vice chairman of Wuhan Association for the Disabled, also stressed the importance of integrating the disabled into society.

　　Hu Wenbing used to be an executive of a central enterprise. At the age of 37, he was disabled by a car accident. After the injury, he promoted the establishment of a "life reconstruction" public welfare training camp, aiming at helping the disabled to adjust their mentality, learn skills and reintegrate into normal society.

　　Dressing teaching for wheelchair users is an important course of "Life Reconstruction" project, and Hu Wenbing is happy to see people’s concern about the dressing needs of disabled people.

　　"Now it is no longer a society where people with disabilities are confined to their homes, especially those who are disabled the day after tomorrow. Many people have good academic qualifications and jobs before, if they can put on and take off their clothes and ‘ Erbian ’ If the problems are handled well, then they will have more opportunities to make their own careers in society. "

　　In the training camp, Wang Juan saw many students regain their willingness to dress up in mutual support. Some people took off their knitted wool socks and put on fashionable snow boots, and began to pay attention to dressing decently and beautifully like healthy people.

　　Wang Juan remembers that once, she and her friends were asked in the street where the wheelchair was rented. "I mistakenly think that we are healthy people who are too lazy to walk. It didn’t happen before. When others look at it, I think it is a disabled person or a patient. "

　　Wang Juan also saw that a group of disabled people were rebuilding their lives with love and support. Clothing has become a symbol, expressing her and many disabled people’s demands and expectations to integrate into society. In her view, this expectation is nourished by the support and care of many parties in society, which is in line with the original intention of the birth of the "barrier-free concept".

　　Although the development of "barrier-free clothing" still has a long way to go, the research team of the Department of Fashion and Fashion Design of Beijing University of Technology is still willing to remain optimistic. They said that in recent years, they have received more and more attention from multimedia, universities, enterprises and non-profit organizations. This concern itself represents the development trend of social concepts. At least in the field of fashion design, they hope that "barrier-free clothing" can convey an idea to students and the public:

　　"Don’t be satisfied with your immediate needs, but pay more and more attention to others and society."

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang Trainee Reporter Yan Sitong Source: China Youth Daily

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Luohu Management Bureau of Shenzhen Bureau of Ecology and Environment held a special training publicity meeting on ＂High-standard dust control on construction sites to support high-quality development

　　In order to implement the decision-making arrangements of the municipal party committee, the municipal government, the district party committee and the district government on the prevention and control of dust pollution, earnestly do a good job in the prevention and control of dust pollution in Luohu District, and improve the dust control level of the construction projects under its jurisdiction, on the afternoon of February 23rd, the Luohu Management Bureau of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment organized a special training publicity meeting on "High-standard dust control in construction sites to support high-quality development" in Luohu District. This meeting closely followed the theme of high-standard management and control to support high-quality development, and invited the Atmospheric Environment Department of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment and the Municipal Academy of Environmental Sciences to conduct interpretation training on the laws and regulations of dust pollution prevention and control in Shenzhen and the technical specifications of dust pollution control. District Housing Construction Bureau, District Water Affairs Bureau, District Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau, District Building Works Department, Luohu Administration Bureau of Municipal Transportation Bureau, responsible comrades of all streets and responsible persons of 35 earthwork and demolition projects under construction in the jurisdiction (namely, construction units, construction units and supervision units) attended the meeting on the spot, and 80 projects under construction in other stages attended the meeting by online video conference.

　　At the meeting, the concise director of Luohu Management Bureau of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment first made a mobilization speech, conveyed and studied the instructions of the municipal party committee, the municipal government, the district party committee and the district government on strengthening the prevention and control of dust pollution, and deployed the next step, and put forward four measures: strengthening inspection and supervision, maintaining the high-pressure situation of law enforcement, continuously providing guidance services, and strengthening the creation of positive models, so as to mobilize the main bodies and supervision departments of all parties in the project to act quickly, maintain the spirit of forge ahead and dare to do good deeds, and control and control with high standards.

　　Subsequently, Lai Guibing, the second-level researcher of the Atmospheric Environment Department of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, made a detailed interpretation of the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities and the responsibilities of the contractors around the Measures for the Prevention and Control of Dust Pollution in Shenzhen. The technical experts of the Municipal Academy of Environmental Sciences introduced the dust prevention measures and the advanced experience of green construction sites, which deepened the participants’ understanding and understanding of the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of dust pollution in our city and the key points and difficulties in supervision and management.

　　Finally, the meeting organized and signed the Commitment Letter of Responsibility for Dust Pollution Prevention and Control of Construction Projects in Luohu District, which was signed by representatives of 115 responsible persons of the three parties involved in the construction projects, indicating that the "six 100%" standards will be strictly implemented, the dust pollution prevention and control will be strengthened, the rectification will be standardized, and the supervision of all levels and departments and the public will be actively accepted, making due contributions to the high-quality development of the city.

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No clothes, no robes： designing ＂barrier-free clothing＂ for the disabled

Luohu Management Bureau of Shenzhen Bureau of Ecology and Environment held a special training publicity meeting on ＂High-standard dust control on construction sites to support high-quality development

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