24 new understandings about COVID-19 must be known!

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, information such as popular science knowledge in Covid-19 and epidemic prevention guidelines for residents have touched everyone’s nerves.

At present, we need not to believe in rumors and spread them, and do solid protection on the premise of fully understanding it. Do you know all these knowledge points about COVID-19?

Data Map: The staff of the detection team of Wuhan CDC conducted virus detection. China News Service reporter ZhangChang photo

1. novel coronavirus and SARS are similar and different species.

Novel coronavirus belongs to the coronavirus of β genus, which is enveloped with round or oval particles, often polymorphic, with a diameter of 60-140nm. Its genetic characteristics are obviously different from those of SARSr-CoV and MERSr-CoV. At present, the homology with bat SARS-like coronavirus (bat-SL-CoVZC45) is more than 85%.

Academician Zhong Nanshan: novel coronavirus is a kind of coronavirus, which is parallel to SARS coronavirus. They are the same kind (virus), but not the same kind.

2. Covid-19 is associated with the rhinoceros coronavirus.

According to the report of the World Health Organization, there is increasing evidence that there is a link between Covid-19 and coronavirus (CoV) spreading in bats. More specifically, it is related to the coronavirus spread in the bat subspecies, Jutous Bat.

However, the report pointed out that the initial transmission route of the outbreak is still unclear, and the most likely situation at present is that some intermediate host animal has transmitted the virus to humans. At present, experts at home and abroad are trying to find the source of animal infection in novel coronavirus.

Novel coronavirus is sensitive to ultraviolet and heat.

The virus is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat. Fat solvents such as 56℃ for 30 minutes, ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus. Chlorhexidine can not effectively inactivate the virus.

4. Fever, fatigue and dry cough are the main manifestations.

COVID-19’s patients are characterized by fever, fatigue and dry cough. A few patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and diarrhea.

Severe patients often have dyspnea and/or hypoxemia one week after onset, and severe patients rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis that is difficult to correct and bleeding and coagulation dysfunction. It is worth noting that severe and critical patients may have moderate to low fever or even no obvious fever during the course of the disease. Mild patients only showed low fever, slight fatigue, etc., and no pneumonia.

Data Map: Doctors from Huangzhou District People’s Hospital of Huanggang City consult critically ill patients. Deng Zhuoyuan

5. Most of the confirmed cases are mild.

Jiao Yahui, Deputy Director of National Health Commission Medical Administration and Hospital Authority: Most of the patients with pneumonia in novel coronavirus were mild.

6. The incubation period is usually 3-7 days.

According to the novel coronavirus Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Fifth Edition), based on the current epidemiological investigation, the incubation period is 1-14 days, mostly 3-7 days.

Academician Zhong Nanshan: We calculated according to the patient’s time of exposure to the source of infection and the earliest time when symptoms appeared. The longest time was 24 days, but there was only one case in 1099 cases. It is not scientific enough to take the time reported by only one patient as the longest incubation period of the disease. Our research shows that the median incubation period of all patients is 4 days.

7. Asymptomatic infected people may also become the source of infection.

At present, the main source of infection is novel coronavirus infected patients. Asymptomatic infected people may also become the source of infection.

Li Xingwang, a member of the National Medical Expert Group: The asymptomatic infected people found at present are mainly close contacts of patients, and more often occur among family members. Asymptomatic infected people have a mild illness and a relatively small amount of virus, so their ability to spread may be weak.

8. Respiratory droplets and contact transmission are the main transmission routes.

Respiratory droplets and contact transmission are the main routes of transmission in COVID-19. The transmission routes of aerosol and digestive tract need to be clarified.

Feng Luzhao, a researcher at China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said: Droplets travel very short, usually within 1-2 meters, and will not float in the air for a long time. In the daily ventilation environment, there is generally no novel coronavirus in the air.

9. People are generally susceptible

Feng Luzhao, a researcher at the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Department of China CDC, said: COVID-19 is a new infectious disease. Everyone has no immunity and is susceptible. Avoid touching the surfaces of public facilities such as handrails of stairs and buttons of elevators. Don’t touch your eyes, mouth and nose after touching them. Wash your hands as soon as possible.

Jiao Yahui, deputy director of National Health Commission Medical Administration and Hospital Authority, said at the press conference on the 4th that most of the deaths were elderly people, accounting for 2/3 of males and 1/3 of females. More than 80% of them were elderly people over 60 years old, and most of them had more than one basic disease such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes.

10. If the amount of local virus is high, it will be contagious in 2 seconds.

Wang Guiqiang, Director of Infectious Diseases Department of the First Hospital of Peking University: This virus is relatively contagious in general, and it is entirely possible that it will spread after 15 seconds of contact. If there is no protection and the amount of local virus is high, droplets may arrive in a word and you will be infected. Not to mention 15 seconds, 2 seconds can also cause infection, so protection is very important.

11. The mutation probability of coronavirus is low.

Qiu Haibo, deputy dean of Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University: Coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus, which is relatively stable. It may mutate, but the probability of mutation is lower than that of influenza virus. Influenza virus will mutate in a few months, and the probability of coronavirus mutation is relatively low. But we should still be alert to whether it will mutate.

Data map: The medical staff transporting patients are making preparations. Anyuan photo

12. No pets were found to infect novel coronavirus.

Jiang Rongmeng, member of the expert group of National Health Commission and chief physician of the Second Department of Infectious Diseases of beijing ditan hospital: At present, the research shows that there are more than 50 kinds of coronavirus, belonging to four genera, which can infect many animals, but there is a species barrier between them, and only seven kinds can infect people. So far, no pets have been infected with the virus and transmitted to people, and no patients have been infected and transmitted to pets.

13. Nucleic acid detection is not the only diagnostic basis.

At present, the published novel coronavirus Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Fifth Edition) combines nucleic acid detection, lung imaging and clinical symptoms to judge the patient’s condition.

Xu Shunqing, deputy dean of the School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology: There is a certain false negative in nucleic acid detection, that is, some patients have not detected it. This may cause some sources of infection not to be really identified, and there is a risk of expansion. In the previous diagnosis and treatment scheme, nucleic acid detection was the only diagnostic basis. Now the fifth edition of the diagnosis and treatment scheme takes CT and clinic as the basis, and these three aspects are combined to judge the patient’s recovery.

Data map: The medical staff encouraged the patients through the window. China News Agency issued Gao Xiang photo

14. COVID-19 is a self-limited disease

Zhang Dingyu, president of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital: COVID-19 is actually a self-limited disease. At present, there are more than 1,500 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Jinyintan Hospital, and most of them can be discharged smoothly after treatment, so the public need not panic too much.

15. At present, there is no effective antiviral therapy.

According to "novel coronavirus Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Fifth Edition)", there is no effective antiviral treatment method confirmed at present. Avoid blind or improper use of antibacterial drugs, especially the combination of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs.

Zhang Boli, president of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: We don’t advocate that people who are not ill take medicine, or use some medicine to prevent it, because there is no suitable medicine to prevent it now.

16. The national discharge standards are consistent.

The patient’s body temperature returned to normal for more than 3 days, respiratory symptoms improved obviously, lung imaging showed obvious absorption of inflammation, and respiratory pathogenic nucleic acid was negative for two consecutive times (sampling interval was at least 1 day), so he could be released from isolation and discharged from hospital or transferred to the corresponding department for treatment of other diseases according to his condition.

17. The inflection point is determined by the prevention and control of return peak.

Academician Zhong Nanshan: At present, the inflection point of the epidemic is unpredictable, but the peak should appear in the middle and late February. The inflection point of the epidemic is determined by the prevention and control of the return peak.

Ceng Guang, chief epidemiologist of China CDC, wrote in Weibo that the inflection point of the epidemic decline has appeared, and there is still a hidden inflection point of the rise. He predicted that according to the onset time, the inflection point appeared one incubation period later than the return peak, and if it was estimated according to the diagnosis time, it would be delayed by another week or so.

Data Map: On February 12th, 10 medical staff made a special wish card and posted it on the wish wall of "Fighting the epidemic in the same boat" in the COVID-19 intensive care unit on the 8th floor of Zone B in tongji hospital, Wuhan. China News Agency issued Tong Yan photo

18. The probability of polluting vegetables and meat in Covid-19 is low.

Feng Luzhao, a researcher at the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Department of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said: The probability that the virus pollutes vegetables, fruits and meat through droplets and direct contact is very low. It is suggested that vegetables, meat and fruits should be washed with running water after being bought home. By washing and cooking food and washing hands before and after meals, the virus can be prevented from spreading through the digestive tract.

19. The possibility of pollution express delivery in Covid-19 is small.

China CDC: Under normal circumstances, it is unlikely that express parcels will be contaminated by novel coronavirus during transportation. So far, there have been no reports of COVID-19 being infected by receiving express parcels. It is suggested that the pickup person should wear a mask and gloves when receiving the courier. Take off your gloves in time after handling the package, and wash your hands with running water or use hand disinfectant.

20. Wear a mask all the way by bus and subway.

China CDC: You should wear a mask all the way by bus and subway. If you want to touch the handle, you can wear gloves until you reach your destination. Wash your hands immediately after taking off your gloves, and you don’t need to wear medical gloves. It is recommended to write down your itinerary, and in case of discomfort, you should take the initiative to report your itinerary.

Data map: People wearing masks on the Hangzhou subway. Photo by Zhang Bin

21. Please leave professional masks for frontline medical staff to use.

① Medical protective mask: It is recommended for medical staff in fever clinics and isolation wards and confirmed patients to wear when transferring.

②KN95/N95 and above particulate matter protective mask: It is recommended for field investigation, sampling and testing personnel, and can also be worn by the public in highly dense places or closed public places.

③ Medical surgical mask: it is recommended to be worn by suspected cases, drivers of public transportation, taxi drivers, sanitation workers and service personnel in public places during their on-the-job service.

④ Disposable medical mask: It is recommended for the public to use it in public places where people are not crowded.

22. The repeated use of masks should be divided into specific situations.

Feng Luzhao, a researcher at China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said: When ordinary residents use disposable masks in places with less risk, they can be reused under the condition of ensuring the cleanliness and structural integrity of the masks, especially the inner layer is not polluted, and they should be placed in a clean, dry and ventilated place after each use.

23. Disposable protective clothing can no longer be used after disinfection.

Zhang Dingyu, Dean of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital: According to the requirements for the use of disposable protective articles, disposable masks, gloves, protective clothing, shoe covers, etc. currently used cannot be reused after sterilization. However, goggles, rubber shoes and other appliances can be recycled if they reach the disinfection standard after disinfection and sterilization.

24. Try to keep your distance when eating.

Wang Guiqiang, Director of Infectious Diseases Department of Peking University No.1 Hospital: Takeaway is 100% safe, but generally speaking, the probability of disease transmission is very low. It is recommended to wear a mask to go out and get takeout, throw the outer packaging directly into the trash can and don’t bring it back to the room. Go into the house and wash your hands before taking the food inside, and then wash your hands before eating. Try to keep your distance when eating. It’s best to eat your own food, don’t talk, and finish it quickly. Because you must take off your mask when eating, be sure to keep a distance of more than one meter.

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Article source: China News Network

Technical support: Wanyuan Kaiyuan Technology Co., Ltd.

Original title: "24 new understandings about COVID-19 must be known! 》