Ensure "safety on the tip of the tongue": these ten highly toxic pesticides will be phased out in batches.
◎ Our reporter Ma Aiping
The qualified rate of routine monitoring of agricultural products quality and safety in China has remained above 97% for six consecutive years, showing a steady and good development trend in general. However, the quality and safety risks of agricultural products represented by excessive residues of agricultural and veterinary drugs still exist in some areas and some varieties.
Recently, seven departments, including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the General Administration of Market Supervision, jointly launched a three-year campaign to "control illegal drugs, control drug residues and promote promotion" for edible agricultural products, and eliminated 10 existing highly toxic pesticides in stages and batches, especially those with more residues on vegetables.
"The 10 highly toxic pesticides are phorate, isocarbophos, omethoate, carbofuran, methomyl, mirex, methyl isofenphos, aldicarb, chloropicrin and aluminum phosphide." Ma Youxiang, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in the next step, the sampling inspection will be intensified, the rapid detection technology will be strengthened, and the problem of illegal use of restricted drugs will be basically solved in about three years, and the problem of excessive residues of conventional agricultural and veterinary drugs will be effectively curbed.
The use of highly toxic pesticides has great potential safety hazards.
"Based on the unreasonable use of pesticides in some areas of our country at present, there are great security risks in the use of highly toxic pesticides. At present, the 10 pesticides that have been eliminated are mainly organophosphorus pesticides. As broad-spectrum pesticides, fungicides and nematicides can also enter people and animals through the nose, mouth and skin. " Jaco, an associate researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter.
Because organophosphorus polymers are not easy to decompose and be degraded by microorganisms, they remain in the environment for a long time, which is harmful to the environment. The biggest risk is to destroy other non-target organisms in the environment and endanger people’s health through toxin enrichment in the food chain.
"The main reasons for eliminating these 10 pesticides can be attributed to high ecological risk and unreasonable use. Scientific and unified management and application is an effective way to solve the problem of highly toxic pesticides, ‘ Toxicity ’ And ‘ Dose ’ It needs to be considered at the same time. " Jaco said.
At present, there are a large number of low-efficiency alternative pesticides for the prevention and control of target pests and diseases in China. "Including new organophosphorus, neonicotinoids, biological pesticides, such as imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, carbosulfan, thiophanate-methyl, abamectin, Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorfenuron, etc. are all good substitutes. In addition, biological control of natural enemies will gradually become an alternative method of chemical pesticide control in the future for sustainable pest control. " Jaco introduced.
Strengthening scientific and technological innovation and creating green and efficient pesticides
How can we completely solve the problem of pesticide residues? In this regard, Li Zhaojun, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regionalization of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said in an interview with the reporter of Science and Technology Daily that the first is to strengthen scientific and technological innovation and develop green and efficient pesticides. Carry out R&D and innovation of green inputs, promote the application of new high-efficiency and low-risk pesticides, and further rapidly promote the substitution of high-efficiency and low-risk pesticides for chemical pesticides. The second is to speed up the research and development and popularization of scientific pesticide application technology. Vigorously promote green prevention and control, accurate and scientific drug use, timely and accurately predict the disease and insect situation, promote efficient plant protection drugs, implement standard prevention and control, symptomatic drug use, and timely and appropriate drug use.
"The third is to improve the efficiency of pesticide application through professional services. Specialized service organizations for the prevention and control of pests and diseases have flourished, reducing the leakage of individual pesticides and improving the efficiency of fertilizer use. Fourth, strengthen publicity and guidance to improve the level of scientific drug use. Organize scientific and technical personnel to formulate technical plans for pesticide reduction in different regions and crops, innovate publicity methods, strengthen publicity, improve the acceptance of farmers and new business entities, and enable them to effectively master the key technologies for pesticide reduction and avoid excessive and blind use of drugs. " Li Zhaojun said.
Ma Youxiang pointed out that the next step is to focus on the routine use of agricultural products such as cowpea and leek, and pay close attention to the development of a number of rapid testing methods and products that are convenient to carry, fast to use and accurate in results, so as to realize quick pumping, quick inspection and quick results and provide guarantee for safe listing.
(Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, June 16th)
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