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The Beauty of Reading ＂Reading has become a way of life for me＂

　　The most important thing is that the book can go far.

　　下乡来梁家河时，习近平随身带了沉甸甸的一箱书。白天干活，劳动休息时在看书，放羊时也在黄土高坡上看书，到了晚上就在煤油灯下苦读到深夜。在村民的记忆中，习近平经常边吃饭边看“砖头一样厚的书”。

　　习近平总书记曾回忆：“读书最多的时候，就是到农村，我们恰恰十年寒窗，读书知识的基础是在农村打下的。”

　　从梁家河到中南海，从躬耕基层到领航中国，读书始终是习近平总书记“最大的爱好”。

　　在国内外不同场合，习近平总书记曾多次讲述他与书的“不解之缘”，号召大家要爱读书、读好书、善读书，“把学习作为一种追求、一种爱好、一种健康的生活方式，做到好学乐学”。

　　无论工作多么繁忙，习近平总书记始终保持着读书的习惯。他曾说：“现在，我经常能做到的是读书，读书已成了我的一种生活方式。读书可以让人保持思想活力，让人得到智慧启发，让人滋养浩然之气。”

　　监 制丨耿志民

　　制片人丨兴来 杜晓东 吴璇

　　编 导丨张晓萌 张鑫

　　剪 辑丨严佳 裴瑀琦

　　配音丨谭雪

　　包 装丨王海涵 翟锦羽

　　调 色丨夏筱军

　　资 料丨张伟浩 刘霄 刘雪锋

　　统 筹丨杨波 毛卉 张亚楠 靳开颜

　　素材支持| 汤阴县委宣传部 安阳台

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Readers’ Response ｜ Comments on How to Read in Universities published by Xinhua Publishing House on the platform of ＂WeChat Reading＂ (Excerpt 1)

　　Editor’s Note: The book How to Read in Universities is published by Xinhua Publishing House and is the masterpiece of Mr. Nan Zhenzhong, an expert in journalism and former editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency. It responds to the problems and puzzles of college students in learning, reading and cultivation, which is of positive significance to the growth of contemporary college students. Presented in the form of letters, the content is lively and vivid, the logical regulations are clear, and the language is rich in affinity. The book received a good response after it was put on the "WeChat Reading" platform, and the reader’s comments are summarized as follows.

　　"Sophisticated killer Li Zimo" recommended:

　　A three-foot platform nurtures peaches and plums, and a chalk book is spring and autumn. Mr. Nan Zhenzhong shows his love for education for readers with his self-cultivation, erudite knowledge and gentle cultivation, and his patient guidance for students is also revealed between the lines. A warm feeling of approachable and particularly cordial is coming to my face, which is like a spring breeze and very rewarding to read. The viewpoints expounded by the author in the book have universal and targeted educational significance. Although I am not a student majoring in journalism and communication, I can still learn from Nan Lao’s persistent spirit of struggle, devoted teaching attitude and extremely valuable perseverance on the road to study. His realistic attitude towards study and work is enviable, reflecting his rigor and self-discipline. Among them, what impressed me the most was Nan Lao’s spirit of "never too old to learn". His sense of "skill panic" means "sense of crisis"; He studied law over the age of 70, and even learned to operate a computer with the rapid development of society, which made readers sincerely admire his enthusiasm for knowledge and his curiosity and desire for the unknown. This is the most worthwhile thing for me to learn and take action. The author also mentioned in the book that the fun of learning can be experienced from three aspects: first, the fun of breaking the limits of vision; The second is to enhance the pleasure of life realm; The third is to expand the fun of "cognitive space". These three kinds of fun are just to my taste,Excerpt here to share with you! And I think this is also the most important reason why I love reading!

　　“Undefined"Recommended:

　　The biggest feeling of reading this book is that it’s a pity that I didn’t read it in college, but I’m not afraid to study late. I am very grateful to Mr. Nan Zhenzhong for his methods of reading, taking notes and professional learning, which made me reflect on my current study and reading: compared with my teacher, I am far from strict with myself, and I have no extra professional input and output except my daily study; When reading, I also gulped down my dates, and I didn’t often record and review my notes, which led to the content of many books being forgotten. At the end of each letter, the teacher put pen to paper with the phrase "study hard and make progress every day". The simplest words have the deepest meaning. I hope I can really study hard and be positive.

　　“Jennied"Recommended:

　　I learned many reading methods in the book, such as building a personal digital library, building my own knowledge circle and planting my own knowledge tree during reading. There are also some small methods, such as comparative reading, theme reading, writing reading notes, cards and so on, which have gained a lot. I hope I can really apply these methods in my next college life and gain a full and regretless college life for myself.

　　“Fayne"Recommended:

　　A great book, worthy of serious consideration by every college student! First of all, this book is a reply from Mr. Nan Zhenzhong to college students, which involves students’ problems about reading and learning, from which they can learn a lot. Friends who are confused or don’t know what to do can have a look. Secondly, friends who are recommended to study communication can have a look. There are many books mentioned and recommended by Nan Lao. For example: the tipping point and the mob … … There are also books about the internet and big data, and many books can be found in a chain. Finally, write about your own gains. The more you read, the more you will find that the more knowledgeable and high-ranking people are, the more they pay attention to time. This is particularly evident in Mr. Nan Zhenzhong. The old man calculated an account for our university for four years. He said that our university has 48 months and 1460 days. But in fact, we don’t have so much time at all. Take me as an example. I entered school in September 2022 and graduated in June 2026 for 45 months. Now it’s probably March of 2023, and it’s been six months. Counting the time to September 2025 (senior year), there are 9 months missing, which adds up to 15 months missing, that is, there are 30 months and 900 days left. In this way, there is really little time to focus on improving and studying. Therefore, we should all learn to make good use of time and strive to appreciate ourselves. In addition, I was shocked by the old man’s use of fragmentation time. The old man takes the hour as the unit and the week as the unit.He will calculate the time of a week, MINUS the time of studying, eating, sleeping and doing business, which is the time of reading. He said that fragmentation time is like pearls without thread, each one is precious, but no one cherishes it because it is only one. All we have to do is collect these pearls one by one, then string them with silver thread, and finally turn them into a pearl bracelet, pearl necklace and so on. Reflect on yourself, don’t complain that you are busy and have no time. Will there be an old gentleman busy? Isn’t the body as healthy as the old man? Therefore, cherish your time, balance your time for study, reading, textual research, learning skills, keeping in touch with relatives and friends, etc., do it well and settle down seriously!

　　"It’s better to miss each other when we meet" recommendation:

　　This book is really good! Mr. Nan’s speech is very humble, and the method given is very grounded. Teacher Nan’s rigorous attitude, patience and perseverance towards students are admirable! Although I am no longer a student, many methods are still of great guiding significance to our work and life. Thank you, Miss Nan.

　　"Gao Chuiwen" recommended:

　　… … Recommend it to undergraduates and master students who are in college. It is very helpful for them to read and understand the essence of the book as soon as possible. I hope that those students who have recently been troubled by the problem of "reading" can learn the essence from this book as soon as possible and put it into practice as soon as possible.

　　"Nianxue" recommendation:

　　This book not only teaches us college students how to read, but also talks about lifelong learning, the attitude of being upright and sitting upright, and his professionalism, all of which make me deeply admire him.

　　"Timely" recommendation:

　　The 75 letters included in this book were written by the author to undergraduates, master students and doctoral students of Zhengzhou University when he was the dean of the School of Journalism and Communication after he retired from the editor-in-chief of Xinhua News Agency and member the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). It is very suitable for students majoring in media. However, as a medical student, I also read it with relish, which made me know more about the journalist industry and deepened my understanding of the development of new China, especially the relationship between the journalism industry and social development. At the end of the book, when the author was a member of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, his views on poverty alleviation made me admire it even more. "The central government’s decision to include more than 100 million low-income people in the scope of poverty alleviation is the progress of social development and the embodiment of people-oriented. I am deeply gratified to be able to do something for the poor people. " It is worth recommending.

How to read in universities — — 75 Letters to College Students "

Nanzhen Zhongzhu

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Game addiction is a disease？ The standard of diagnosis is actually quite ＂strict＂

　　Game addiction is a disease? Recently, a news from the World Health Assembly has sparked heated public opinion.

　　At the 72nd World Health Assembly held in Geneva, Switzerland not long ago, the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) was adopted. Among them, "game disorder", as a disease, is included in the classification of "disorder caused by addictive behavior".

　　Equating game barriers and game addiction with diseases has caused controversy all over the world. There are some supporters waving flags and shouting, and the opponents with clear-cut flags are equally huge. Why do game obstacles become diseases? How to treat it? Discussions around these topics are still going on.

　　Not even playing for a few days is sick.

　　To what extent do you become addicted to games? The standard of diagnosis is actually quite "strict".

　　In ICD-11, the identification of "game obstacle" mainly includes three behavior modes: the control over game behavior is weakened; The priority of playing games is higher than daily life and other normal hobbies; Despite the negative consequences, continuing to play games has caused serious damage to individuals, families, society, education, work or other important fields. In addition, the above behavior patterns need to last for at least 12 months before they can be used as a basis for diagnosis.

　　"Because the game has affected daily life and lasted for more than one year, only in this way can it belong to ‘ Sick ’ 。” In this regard, Hao Wei, one of the drafters of ICD-11 "Game Obstacles" and the deputy director of the Institute of Mental Health of the Second Xiangya Hospital in China, said that the so-called "Game Obstacles" are not even sick after playing games for several days in a row, but have a detailed diagnostic standard.

　　This means that either playing games is a "game obstacle". Who has previously issued a document saying that research shows that only a small number of people who participate in digital or video game activities are affected by game obstacles. Dr Vladimir Pozdnyak, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse of WHO, also said, "Most people who play video games will not be affected by this obstacle, just as most people who drink alcohol will not be affected by ‘ Alcohol use disorder ’ Influence, but excessive use in certain circumstances will lead to adverse effects. "

　　Nevertheless, why has the game alone become the target of public criticism? Behind the "game obstacle" is actually a response to people’s health concerns caused by electronic devices.

　　WHO pointed out that the inclusion of "game barriers" in mental and behavioral disorders is aimed at solving a series of concerns about the impact of excessive use of electronic devices on public health. However, in the process of evaluating the existing evidence and research, the participating experts did not find enough evidence to include any technology-driven behavioral addiction such as "smartphone addiction".

　　Comparatively speaking, the scientific research results of "game obstacles" are more abundant. Hao Wei said that medical research has found that game addiction has "withdrawal symptoms" similar to chemical addiction. For example, the brain images of some people who are addicted to games are similar to those who are addicted to chemical substances.

　　Give priority to with psychotherapy.

　　Since "game obstacle" is a disease, how should it be treated?

　　Previously, there have been some treatment institutions for "internet addiction teenagers" in many places, and they have adopted extreme methods such as corporal punishment and electric shock to "treat", which has caused great controversy. Experts said that although WHO did not provide specific treatment guidance for "game barriers", for medical institutions, this move made relevant diagnosis and treatment well-founded. Health professionals can pay more attention to this obstacle and promote more research on the prevention and treatment of game obstacles.

　　It is reported that in Beijing, Guangzhou and other places, some professional hospitals have carried out treatment and research on game obstacles.

　　A few days ago, Beijing huilongguan hospital Behavioral Addiction Ward was officially opened, which is the first behavioral addiction treatment ward opened by public mental health medical institutions in China, and mainly treats patients with behavioral addiction such as game disorder and gambling disorder.

　　Yang Kebing, deputy director of the hospital, said that the current treatment cycle of game addiction is 6 weeks — 8 weeks, divided into two stages. The treatment method is mainly psychotherapy, and there are 10 cognitive behavioral therapy modules, including interpersonal relationship management, family therapy, self-emotional management and so on. The first 4 weeks — In 6 weeks, patients should completely abstain from internet and mobile phones. During this period, the hospital will carry out outward bound training, and replace the game in various ways. For the next two weeks, patients were taught to use the internet healthily by limiting the use time.

　　At present, the addiction ward is an open ward, which is equipped with a single bed, a writing desk, a sofa and green plants, and family members can also accompany the treatment. In the group therapy room, a mini KTV has been specially set up to help patients have fun outside the game.

　　"If the patient seriously affects social interaction because of the game, he should go to the hospital for evaluation in time." Yang Fude, president of Beijing huilongguan hospital, said that the addiction ward can ensure the continuity of treatment, patients can easily build up the trust between doctors and patients with the help of fixed medical staff, and continuous evaluation can better follow up patients’ illness. At the same time, the hospital can provide more comprehensive treatment methods, which will help solve the problem with serious symptoms.

　　Advocate healthy ways of playing games.

　　Although it has been officially included in ICD-11, the "quarrel" around game addiction continues.

　　Just after the adoption of the resolution, game organizations from Europe, North America and Australia, South Korea, South Africa, Brazil and other countries and regions jointly issued a statement, hoping that WHO could re-examine the resolution. The statement said: "‘ Game obstacle ’ It is not based on strong enough evidence, and it is not enough to be included in the most important standard of ICD. "

　　Many practitioners in the game industry said that the key to game obstacles lies in "obstacles" rather than "games", so the positive role of games and the development achievements of the game industry should not be denied. At the same time, game companies should strengthen and improve the anti-addiction system of games, avoid teenagers’ excessive games, and create a healthy development space for the game industry.

　　Some medical staff said that game obstacles are classified as mental illness, not to oppose games, but to oppose games that are harmful to physical and mental health. Medical institutions should help patients with game disorders get rid of out-of-control game behavior, establish a correct game use model, and regain sound social functions.

　　"The key factor of game addiction is family education." A parent who once sent his children to an internet addiction rehabilitation institution said that the family should give their children enough love and attention, accompany them to grow up, guide them to play rationally, and help them enhance their ability to resist setbacks in the process of growing up.

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China women’s team won the Chengdu World Table Tennis Championships with a total victory in eight games.

　　On October 8th, China team members took a group photo at the award ceremony. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jiang Hongjing photo

　　Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, October 8 (Reporter Chen Di) On the evening of the 8 th, the women’s team final of the 56th World Table Tennis Team Championship in 2022 was staged. Three members of the China team, Chen Meng, Manyu Wang and Sun Yingsha, played well and beat the Japanese team 3-0, helping the China team win the championship with an impressive record of winning all eight games and achieving five consecutive championships in the World Table Tennis Championships.

　　On October 8th, the China women’s team took a group photo after winning the championship. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jiang Hongjing photo

　　The final started on time at 7: 30 that night, and Chen Meng was the first to go into battle. In the face of Japanese player Miyuki Muhara, Chen Meng’s strength was obviously superior. At 11:6, 11:8 and 11:8, Chen Meng scored a "good start" in three straight sets for China.

　　On October 8th, the China women’s team took a group photo after winning the championship. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Bingjie photo

　　Hayata Hina, another famous Japanese team, was absent, so China’s biggest opponent in this campaign was Ito Meicheng, and Manyu Wang took on the heavy responsibility of stopping Ito Meicheng that night. At the beginning of the game, Miki Ito made a lot of trouble for Manyu Wang by using changeable serve, fierce forehand attack and backhand volley, but Manyu Wang, who was full of tenacity, still relied on his excellent ability to protect the table to entangle with his opponent. The first two games were very tight and the game was 1:1.

　　On October 8th, China team coach Li Sun (third from left) and players Sun Yingsha (first from left), Chen Meng (second from left), Manyu Wang (third from right), Wang Yidi (second from right) and Chen Xingtong won the women’s team championship trophy at the award ceremony — — The Columbian Cup. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jiang Hongjing photo

　　In the crucial third game, Ito Meicheng once got the point. Under pressure, Manyu Wang didn’t relent, scoring again and again to win the crucial game at 12:10. In the fourth game, Meicheng Ito, who had just suffered a reversal, appeared impatient and made unnecessary mistakes in succession, while Manyu Wang became more and more calm and finally won with a big score of 3:1.

On October 8th, China team coach Li Sun (third from left) and players Sun Yingsha (first from left), Chen Meng (second from left), Manyu Wang (third from right), Wang Yidi (second from right) and Chen Xingtong won the women’s team championship trophy at the award ceremony — — The Columbian Cup. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Xushe

　　Next, Sun Yingsha, with stronger comprehensive strength, played against Japanese player Nagasaki Meiyou. Although the opponent performed well, it failed to pose too much threat to Sun Yingsha. In the end, Sun Yingsha won 3-0, thus helping China to win 3-0.

　　At this point, the China women’s team won the World Table Tennis Championships in Chengdu with an impressive record of winning all eight games, and won the Columbian Cup as expected, and achieved five consecutive championships in the World Table Tennis Championships.

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# (Sports) Football

On the same day, in the women’s final of the 2023 FISU Football World Cup held in Jinjiang, Fujian, China’s Beijing Normal University beat Brazil’s paulista University team by a total score of 7-6 in a penalty shootout and won the championship.

On October 31st, Zou Mengyao (left), a player from Beijing Normal University, competed with Diovanna, a female football player from paulista University. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Lai Jincai)

On October 31st, Zhou Xinyu (right), a player of Beijing Normal University team, shot in the game. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Lai Jincai)

On October 31st, Zhou Xinyu, a women’s football player from Beijing Normal University, celebrated the goal. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Lai Jincai)

On October 31st, the starting players of Beijing Normal University team took a group photo before the game. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Lai Jincai)

On October 31st, the players of Beijing Normal University celebrated the championship. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Lai Jincai)

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Amber： Berlusconi is obsessed with beautiful football. He wants to control the ball more & win through wonderful performance.

Live broadcast on November 2 nd In the podcast, Milan star Ambrosini talked about the demands of former President Silvio Berlusconi on Milan.

Ambrosini said: "Berlusconi likes beautiful things. He hopes to win the game by playing wonderful games, and he has always been obsessed with it."

"I still remember one time during the halftime of the game, Berlusconi walked into the dressing room and told us in front of everyone that he wanted to see the team get more possession of the ball. This moment is called’ Marisa’, which means to control the ball. We players look at each other, but this is Berlusconi’s personality. "

(real steel fist)

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Reading at night ｜ Ying Ying Yi Shui, the pulse can’t be spoken.

　　　　　　　 "All the way Altair, JiaoJiaoHe han female. Ying Ying Yi Shui, the pulse is speechless. " Today, it’s Tanabata, the legendary day when cowherd and weaver girl meet. Travel through time and space together, return to the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, see the beautiful and graceful love described by those poets and poets, and then continue to trace back to the source and explore the true source of Tanabata.

　　　　　　　 Tanabata in ancient poetry

　　　　　　　 They,

　　　　　　　 Graceful and deep,

　　　　　　　 Telling the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl Acacia

　　　　　　　 Don’t hate parting when you can’t meet each other.

　　　　　　　 ▽

　　　　　　　 One of the nineteen ancient poems

　　　　　　　 Han anonymous

　　　　　　　 Far away, Altair, Jiaojiao River Han female.

　　　　　　　 Touch your hands, and make the loom.

　　　　　　　 All day long, there is no chapter, and tears are like rain.

　　　　　　　 The river is clear and shallow, and there are many differences.

　　　　　　　 Between the water and the water, the pulse is speechless.

Qixi Festival；Chinese Valentine’s Day

Don Meng Jiao

Vega by the river leads the cowherd by the river.

I haven’t crossed the shallow water, but I look at each other from a distance.

They,

Meaningful and deep,

At the end of the road, lovers will be short and long

Endless feelings of joy and sorrow.

▽

Queqiaoxian Qixi

Fan Chengda in Southern Song Dynasty

Tonight is a good time for the Cowherd and Vega, and the couples who meet will be too lazy to be busy.

Lonely qunxian want to be jealous: beautiful moon sister Cu the bright eyebrow, aunt wind and wind blowing rain anomaly.

Meet in a hurry, the short gathering is so good as not to disappear, and jiao the parting sorrow.

The joy of meeting each other was not worth a long time of grief, but it added a new sorrow to taste.

Butterfly Lovers, Magpie Bridge, Driving a Phoenix

Yan Jidao in Northern Song Dynasty

The magpie bridge becomes a driving force.

It’s a night of joy, begging and the first cool night.

Ingenious double moth painting. The jade hook hangs obliquely next to the southwest.

Break the cymbals under the cool leaves.

Sweet sleeves by shoulders, who remembers the words at that time.

You can borrow the road across the milky way. Let’s leave hate in the world.

They,

Make excuses,

I confided my love for my loved ones.

▽

Qixi Festival；Chinese Valentine’s Day　

Tang xuning

A magpie bridge is vast, and a thousand sounds of Yu Pei pass Lingling.

There are still people who have been away for years, and it’s better to look down on the stars than to drum up the river.

Qixi Festival；Chinese Valentine’s Day

Don Lihe

The milky way is in the middle of the night.

The crow left for a thread of threading, and fireflies flew into the coat building.

The cow female double star close again, the world couple looks at the jade hook.

No Qiantang river, lonely, lonely autumn.

Hangxiangzi Qixi

Song Li Qingzhao

The grass is singing, and the phoenix tree is shocked. There is a deep sorrow in the sky.

Cloud terrace and moon land, locked up thousands of times.

If you come and go, don’t meet.

I haven’t seen you for years. Don’t hate being poor if you want to leave.

Petunia Weaver, it is nothing but separation.

Sometimes it’s sunny, sometimes it’s raining, sometimes it’s windy.

Fengqiwu Jiachen Tanabata

Wu Wenying in Southern Song Dynasty

I drove through the south branch and filled the courtyard.

Crescent west building, meet with needle and thread.

A few cicadas on a tall tree send you late. The dream of going home is broken in the setting sun.

The milky way is in love at night.

A light account steals pleasure, and a silver candle catches the screen.

The wind blows away the fog. The crane hook is empty with a spider silk coil.

And it,

Even more unique,

Achieved a song of eternal farewell.

▽

Que Qiao xian xian yun Qiao

Qin Guan in Northern Song Dynasty

Thin clouds are clever, flying stars spread hatred, and silver and Han people cross the river in secret.

On the seventh day of the autumn dew in the autumn, the meet meet, more than the world of those who are together, but the appearance husband and wife.

Tenderness is like water, ritual is like a dream, and you can take care of the bridge and go home!

If the two feelings are long-lasting, they are still in the morning and evening!

△ Note: The illustrations in this article show the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl in sequence.

Traditional customs of Qixi Festival

Exploring the Source of Tanabata

Tanabata

Excerpt from "Four Seasons Sketch"

Author: Zhu Wei

Back to the source, what exactly is the meaning of July 7th? Literally speaking, I think "July 7th" is a life cycle first.

at presentMany people are clamoring to turn Qixi into "Valentine’s Day in China". In fact, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl were dragged to meet because of the July 7th meeting. Back to the source, what exactly is the meaning of July 7th? Now most scholars have recognized that seven is the number of life-the seventh day of the first month is a human day, so people have seven orifices, and Chinese medicine has seven injuries. After a person is born, his soul becomes seven hundred and forty-nine days, and it will take him seven hundred and forty-nine days to disperse after his death. Then why is it called "Chinese Valentine’s Day" when July 7th meets? "Evening" is evening, which can be extended to night. Is it because the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl want to meet at the Magpie Bridge at night?

△ Qing Ding Guanpeng "Qiqiao Map" collected by Shanghai Museum

Literally speaking, I think "July 7th" is a life cycle first. The statement in Huangdi Neijing, Su Wen, Ancient Naivety: "Men are only eight or eight, women are only seven or seven, and the essence of heaven and earth is exhausted." It says that men have a cycle of 8 years old and women have a cycle of 7 years old.

The 7-year-old woman was full of kidney qi, and her hair became longer when she changed her teeth.

On the 27 th day, the pulse is connected. Tiangui is the essence of kidney and the second pulse of ren du. According to traditional Chinese medicine, "it is a sea of yin and yang, with five qi and chastity", that is to say, menstruation will come on February 27 and children can be born.

The kidney qi of Panax notoginseng is average, and the final teeth are long and fully developed.

Four or seven bones and muscles are strong, hair is extremely long, and the body is strong and strong, reaching the apex.

On May 7th, Yangming’s pulse failed, his face became brown and his hair began to fall out.

Sixty-seven: "The pulse of Sanyang decays in the upper part, the face is burnt, and the hair begins to turn white".

July 7th is the end of a life cycle, that is, "any pulse is weak, the pulse is too strong, the sky is exhausted, and the tunnel is impassable, so the shape is bad and there is no child".

The number "seven" refers to the west, so the meeting of July 7th should be the birth in the end. Book of Changes: "Repeat the way, come back in seven days, and do the right thing." Kong Yingda Shu said, "After the sun’s yang disappeared, it was only seven days before the sun’s yang came back to life. This is the natural principle of heaven, so it is called heaven." "Coming back" means going back, that is, rebirth and reincarnation, so the soul is exhausted in 7749 days and full in 7749 days.

The original reproductive worship of Qixi, I thought it was based on this.

△ Song Li Song Han Gong Qiqiao Map Page

△ Song Li Song Han Gong Qiqiao Map Page

Petunia and Weaver Girl are originally the names of constellations. By the time of Nineteen Ancient Poems circulated by people in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the taste of two stars looking at each other stood out.

Look again.Cowherd and Weaver Girl.Cowherd was originally named Petunia, and Petunia and Weaver Girl were originally constellation names.According to Shi Ji Tian Guan Shu, Altair is a sacrifice, and Weaver Girl is also called "Tiannv Sun". The statement that the weaver girl just appeared in the Book of Songs Xiaoya Dadong is, "There is a Han in Wei Tian, and there is light in prison. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day. Although seven essays are not a newspaper ". The word "dimension" here is an auxiliary word, which emphasizes that Tianhe is like a mirror, but there is light without shadow. "Gang" means that the Weaver Girl is composed of three stars, and her legs form a triangle, instead of standing on tiptoe and looking at it idly. "Seven Xiang" is "seven days in the last calendar", which is shifted seven times a day, that is, it comes back every seven days. Zheng Xuan said, "Xiang" is to control, and later generations fantasize, so it is understood as completion; "Not a newspaper" means "not a pattern". "Chapter" can actually be a pattern or a decree, and "newspaper" should also be "reciprocating".

Then it comes to Petunia: "Petunia is not to serve the box", "Petunia" means bright, "serving the box", and "serving" is also "driving". In ancient times, the horse in the middle of driving was called "serving" and "box" was a carriage. Contact the following two sentences: "There is enlightenment in the east and Chang Geng in the west. Save the day, carry the trip of giving ",is facing the starry sky, the constellation of Petunia and Weaver Girl is boundless from Yunhan, sighing that all is in vain under Skynet.At first, it emphasized the distance between the Tianhe River, but the relative appearance was really the basis for later embellishment.

In Nineteen Ancient Poems, which was circulated by people in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the taste of two stars looking at each other stood out: "Far away, Altair, Jiaojiao River, a Chinese woman. Fine hands, make a loom. All day long, there is no chapter, and tears are like rain. The river is clear and shallow, how much difference does it make? "There are plenty of water, and the pulse is speechless." First of all, show the morning glory in the far-reaching cold and misty place by the bright and clean elements that the Weaver Maid is waiting there. Here, the word "Guo" is simply understood as "Chu", but the word itself can be composed of "Xiu Xiu" and "Ying Ying", and then connect the slim and plain hands with it, so it has no flavor.It’s a long way away, but it’s just plain and clear in front of me, and this distance becomes sad.The last "unspeakable pulse" has left room for the affair.

At this time, the sorrow of the Weaver Girl not only became the subject of feeling, but also was endowed with identity.-or the daughter or granddaughter of the Queen Mother of the West. Why join the background of the Queen Mother of the West? Because according to legend, she gave birth to seven fairies. On the seventh day of July, she will come to earth. She is in charge of life and death in heaven and earth. Before the story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl took shape, it was actually her who was greeted on Tanabata.

△ Qing, Chen Mei, July "Tong Yin Qi Qiao" in "Yue Man Qing You Atlas"

△ Qing, Chen Mei, July "Tong Yin Qi Qiao" in "Yue Man Qing You Atlas"

Meeting is the need of secular reproduction. I thought that the name "Qiqiao" was given later. Tanabata became a clever way for daughters to beg for needlework from weaver girls, and it became a part of three obedience and four virtues, and the taste changed completely.

So,When did "Petunia" become "Cowherd" and arranged for them to meet again? Meeting is the need of secular reproduction, which popularizes the meaning of the western queen mother. With regard to the life experience of the Weaver Girl, July in a Broad Sense of the Moon quotes Liang Yinyun’s Novel in the Southern Dynasties, and tells the story in detail: "To the east of the Tianhe River, there is the Weaver Girl and the son of the Emperor of Heaven. Every year, the loom labors, weaving into a brocade dress, and the appearance is too messy. The emperor pitied him for being alone, promised to marry a cowherd in Hexi, and then abandoned pregnancy after marriage. "The Emperor of Heaven was angry and ordered him to return to Hedong, but they met once a year.

The theory of Magpie Bridge first came from "Custom Pass": "The Weaver Maid should cross the river on Tanabata, making Magpie a bridge. "Legend has it that on the seventh day, the magpie’s head was upset for no reason, because Liang Yidu was a weaver girl. Customs Tong was written by Ying Shao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The original book has 32 volumes, but only 10 volumes exist today. This statement is also extremely tragic: "Qiu" is the punishment of shaving hair in ancient times. In order to bridge the river and let the weaver girl cross the river, the magpies have no hair on their heads.

△ July-Lunar July of the December Order Picture Axis published by Qing Academy.

△ July-Lunar July of the December Order Picture Axis published by Qing Academy.

How can magpies be built into a poetic magpie bridge? In the poem Tanabata written by Liang Yu Jianwu in the Southern Dynasties, there is a saying: "The jade box rolls up the clothes, and the needle floor opens the door at night. As the moon sets, the weaver girl moves from star to star. Leave the front to promote the night, and don’t be empty. "You can’t fly when you fill the river."

The first two sentences refer to the ladies-in-waiting who put the hanging clothes in the jade box and boarded the needle floor. According to Miscellanies of Xijing, "Han Cai women often put seven-hole needles on the open-top floor on July 7", which means "open-top floor" rather than "needle floor". What is a "seven-hole needle"? Today, there is no exam, but "seven holes" definitely means "seven orifices". Why is it a "penthouse"? From Xijing Miscellanies, it is just the name of the palace building, just like "Moon Shadow Platform" and "Ming Luan Dian". However, the connection with the "seven-hole needle" has a real reproductive meaning.

In this poem, it is said that the river is filled with "carved magpie", a kind of giant magpie. Zhuangzi Mountain Wood: "Zhuang traveled around the fan of carving tombs and saw a strange magpie coming from the south, with a wing seven feet wide and a large eye." This is not a warm magpie, and countless magpies have tried their best to drop all the hair on their heads and fill the river with tragic loss. Wu Meicun’s "Tanabata Feelings" poem: "There is always a jade capital in heaven and earth, and this year there is a clear distinction between cattle and women. Draw a picture of red powder, hate in the palace, and love in the sea. The green pearl in the south resigned from its master, and the yellow bird in the north sent it to the whole city. "I’d like to ask you about the carved magpie, a kind of galactic storm." The wind and waves caused by river filling are another kind of sadness.

I thought the name "Qiqiao" was given later. It changed "Kaijin Building" into "Needle Building" and extended to "Qiqiao Building". Tanabata became a clever way for daughters to beg for needlework from Weavers, and it became a part of "three obedience and four virtues", and the taste changed completely.

The text and pictures are from Zhu Wei’s Tanabata (Sanlian Life Weekly) and the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author.

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Talk about the folk custom of Qixi in your hometown,

And the most beautiful love poems in your mind.

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The Taliban in Afghanistan claimed to have shot down a CIA plane.

(International) (1) The Taliban in Afghanistan claimed to have shot down a CIA plane.

　　This is the wreckage of the plane that was shot at the crash site in the Dehyake area of Ghazni province, Afghanistan on January 27th. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Saifullah)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Kabul, January 27th (Reporter Zou Delu) Afghan Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Almugahed said on the 27th that Taliban forces shot down a plane belonging to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that day, and a large number of American soldiers died, including senior CIA officials.

　　On the same day, Almugahed issued a statement through social media, saying that the plane was shot down by local Taliban forces in the Dehyake area of Ghazni province in southeastern Afghanistan that afternoon, and the plane was being monitored and reconnoitered in Ghazni province before being shot down.

　　At present, the Afghan security forces have been assembled and headed for the crash site.

　　According to Afghan media reports, some experts have analyzed that the crashed plane is most likely the E-11a aircraft of the 430th Expeditionary Electronic Warfare Squadron of the US Air Force. E-11a is a military modification of Bombardier Global 6000 civil aircraft, which is used as an air communication relay platform by the US military.

　　According to live videos posted on social media by journalists associated with the Taliban, many features of the crashed plane are consistent with those of the US E-11a aircraft.

　　Earlier, Afghan media reported that a passenger plane belonging to Afghan Ariane Airlines crashed in Ghazni province. However, Afghan Ariane Airlines denied that the crashed plane belonged to the company.

　　Ghazni province, about 150 kilometers from Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, is the main land hub connecting Kabul and the southern region. The Afghan Taliban are active in the province. The Dehyake area in Ghazni province has long been controlled by the Taliban.

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Sudden hot search! Online celebrity fruit entered the end of sales, ＂cherries, durians and mangosteen are all cheap.＂

Source: China Securities Journal

　　Source: Dong Tian

　　Today, the topic of "cherries, durian and mangosteen are all cheap" is listed in Weibo Hot Search.

　　On March 2nd, a reporter from china securities journal visited several fruit wholesale and retail supermarkets in Beijing, and found that the prices of popular online celebrity fruits were generally reduced during the Spring Festival, but as the prices dropped, the overall sales volume was considerable.

　　Prices generally fell back.

　　The reporter visited and saw that durian, known as the "king of fruit", was listed one after another, and the price dropped significantly compared with before.

　　"Durian has just been picked, and the skin is still green. It needs to be taken home for a few days to eat. The price has dropped a lot in the past two days. Last week, it sold nearly 40 yuan a catty, and now it is less than 30 yuan a catty. " A staff member of a Yonghui supermarket in Beijing told china securities journal: "What is on sale now is dried Yao made in Thailand, which matures on a large scale in April and May. Now the tree is not ripe, and its taste is not as good as that of conventional varieties such as golden pillows. The large-scale maturity of golden pillow durian will be between September and December. "

　　The price of mangosteen, known as "after fruit", has also dropped significantly. The reporter saw in the supermarket that the current price of mangosteen per catty is 18.6 yuan, which is a sharp drop compared with the high point before the Spring Festival.

　　The price of mangosteen in a supermarket in Beijing dropped sharply. Dong Tian/photo

　　"Before the Spring Festival, the price of mangosteen once exceeded 30 yuan/kg, but now it rarely exceeds 20 yuan/kg. The current sales volume of such niche fruits is not too high, and it is not a large-scale listing stage. " A staff member from wu mart told china securities journal.

　　The reporter saw in Baiguoyuan and other high-end fruit supermarkets that the prices of quality durian and mangosteen did not drop significantly. Baiguoyuan, a kind of durian with golden waist, has a price per catty that exceeds that of 60 yuan.

　　The price of durian in Thailand in Baiguoyuan exceeds that in 60 yuan. Dong Tian/photo

　　"There is no fall in price in Indonesian Mangosteen at present. Because of the shortage of goods and shipping, the current price is still stable. At present, the price of durian in Vietnam is also high after the opening of the year, but because durian lasts for a long time and affects its quality, some goods may be reduced appropriately if there is a backlog. At present, these two varieties have not significantly reduced prices at our place of origin. " The staff of Baiguoyuan told china securities journal reporter.

　　"Domestic pitaya is now available all year round, usually in May-November and December-March. There will be less goods from mid-March to early May. The production seasons of imported pitaya are basically the same. All pitaya fruits are the most abundant in summer. In addition, the current cultivation of pitaya can be artificially controlled by flowers and fruits. If the conditions of fruit trees in the producing area permit, they will basically be produced in a wrong way, so there are also a lot of goods in the short season. " Regarding the supply of pitaya, the relevant person in charge of Baiguoyuan told the china securities journal reporter.

　　Some insiders told china securities journal that the spending power after the holiday is not as strong as it was years ago, and some businesses will cut prices in order to reduce losses.

　　Online celebrity fruit enters the end of sales.

　　The reporter also saw that with the current large-scale listing of strawberries, the price of strawberries has dropped significantly compared with that before the Spring Festival, and the sales volume is also very impressive.

　　Strawberry prices drop Dong Tian/photo

　　In contrast, as cherries have entered the end of sales, there is basically no large-scale sales of cherries in the market.

　　"At present, the cherries on sale are made in Chile, and the price per catty is around 120 yuan. Now they are almost out of the market. In another month or two, domestic cherries represented by Beijing, Dalian and Yantai will be listed one after another. " A salesperson of a Baiguoyuan store in Beijing told china securities journal.

　　"Strawberries will be sold for more than half a month at most, and they will be out of the market. As the weather gets warmer, strawberries grow rapidly and are in great supply. The price is also much cheaper than before and during the Spring Festival. Now, after the price comes down, it rarely costs 20 yuan a catty. Now it sells very fast, and it can sell about 100 boxes a day. " Yonghui Supermarket sales staff told reporters.

　　"Fruit is very seasonal, and sometimes the fruit season may be coming to an end and the price will fall. At the end of the season, the quality of fruit is not so good, and sometimes the price decline is also related to the quality decline. " Some senior fruit observers said.

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Why are dogs pets and pigs food？ Man’s attitude towards animals is never rational.

Author: (America) Hal Herzog
Integration: Li Yan
Why are dogs pets and pigs food? The question itself is enough to catch people’s attention. In recent years, there have been endless debates about animal protection, especially when it comes to dogs, cats and other animals that are usually domestic pets. For example, the Yulin Dog Meat Festival every summer will always set off a bloody storm in the public opinion field. One of the main viewpoints of those who oppose eating dog meat is that dogs have different meanings to human beings from other animals, while those who hold the opposite view argue that dogs should have equal lives with pigs, cows and chickens, and it is unreasonable to oppose eating dog meat alone.
Compared with the arguments that seem to be unable to convince each other, Hal Herzog, an American human-animal relationist and professor of psychology at the University of West Carolina, wrote why dogs are pets and pigs are food? 》
（Why It Is So Hard to Think Straight About Animals）
It is much more peaceful. He doesn’t try to choose one of the above two viewpoints to support it, thinking it is more "correct", but discusses the complexity, inconsistency and reasons of moral concepts from the psychological level of people.
With regard to people’s attitude towards other species, the author expressed his opinion in the first sentence of the preface: "People often think about other species in a very illogical way." In the book, he used one story after another recorded for many years to show the different moral attitudes of rebellious people towards animals, and how many contradictions exist among them. Why can’t dogs eat but pigs can? Why is the giant panda more popular than the Chinese giant salamander? Why is it that catching dead fish in the market is entertainment, but if catching dead cats is considered cruel? People are not as rational as they think, at least when they treat animals.
Why is this so? The author said that the purpose of this book is not to change anyone’s moral stance or the way of treating animals, but to guide readers to think more deeply about the psychological logic and moral implications behind the relationship between human beings and animals. Compared with arguing endlessly about specific issues, facing the fact that there are a lot of moral inconsistencies in our cognition and behavior soberly and calmly can help us recognize human nature and the way in which reason and emotion interact with each other in our brains.
The following article is taken from Why Dogs Are Pets and Pigs Are Food with the authorization of the publishing house.
"Why dogs are pets and pigs are food", by Hal Herzog, translated by Leo Sen, Hainan Publishing House, June 2019.
Why do you like this and hate that? -because it’s cute.
It is easier to empathize with dogs than fleas. -Eric Green（Eric Grenen）
Judy Barrett of Greensburg, North Carolina
（Judy Barrett）
There is a question. She and her husband are both blue jays fans. They spent a lot of money in the backyard, hoping to attract blue birds to nest, and even bought a snake-proof blue nest box and a unique bird glass jar. Judy will prepare a nest of earthworms in the refrigerator so that the bluebird can enjoy the worm meal at any time. Judy’s family welcomes bluebirds to nest with open arms, but the reality is not as good as expected. When they were not paying attention, an ordinary sparrow couple occupied the nest box and laid five small sparrow eggs in the future bluebird home.
At a loss, Judy sent a letter to The New York Times’s "moralist"
（The Ethicist）
Columnist Randy Cohen（Randy Cohen）
This column is based on Abby mailbox.（Dear Abby）
Style, quick questions and answers for daily moral problems.
Judy asked, is it ethical to destroy the low-grade sparrow eggs because she wants to keep the nest for the lovely bluebird?
Cohen’s answer is no. "In the face of morality, loveliness doesn’t count."
Logically speaking, Cohen is right. But although loveliness is not important in the narrow sense of moral philosophy, it is quite important to most people and even affects people’s attitude towards this creature. For example, the survey shows that the amount of money people are willing to donate to save endangered creatures depends on the size of their eyes. This is undoubtedly a death knell for the endangered Chinese giant salamander. Chinese giant salamander is the largest and probably the ugliest amphibian in the world. Its eyes are bright and its 2-meter-long body is surrounded by a dark brown sticky epidermis. Environmental groups will never publish the picture of Chinese giant salamander on the donation leaflet, after all, it looks too ugly. In contrast, another endangered animal in China is much more pleasant, that is, the panda whose eyes are infinitely magnified by the outer black circle. Their shapes are so adorable that they even become the symbol of WWF.
Chinese giant salamander
There are 65,000 species of mammals, fish, reptiles and amphibians in the world, but only a few animals are concerned by human beings. Why do we care about giant pandas instead of Chinese giant salamanders? Why do we care about eagles and not vultures? Why do we care about bluebirds instead of sparrows? Why do we care about cheetahs instead of palm fruit bats?
(the only male mammal that can secrete milk)
? Whether we care about a particular animal usually depends on its own characteristics-whether they are lovable, what size they are, what shape their heads are, and whether they are furry.(not bad)
Still sticky.(disgusting)
Yes, whether they are similar to humans, points will be deducted if they have too many feet or too few feet. Whether they have disgusting habits, such as eating excrement or sucking blood, has something to do with their taste, but their influence is not as great as we think.
Human beings always think about the relationship with different animals in an illogical way, and it is difficult to make a final conclusion. We always think that we are rational animals, but the research of cognitive psychology and behavioral economics shows that human thinking and behavior are often illogical. For example, it has been reported that when researchers privately asked respondents how much they would like to donate to prevent oil pond pollution and protect waterfowl habitats, on average, the respondents expressed their willingness to save 2,000 birds with $80, 20,000 birds with $78 and 200,000 birds with $88. Sometimes, even animals can make more rational decisions than humans. A recent report pointed out that when choosing a new house, a group of ants can often make a more rational choice than human house buyers.
What is the state of human psychology that makes it impossible to think logically in the face of animals? In fact, the so-called human thinking is simply a brain storm that combines intuition, learning, language, culture, instinct and psychological shortcuts, so it is really difficult for us to deal with the relationship with other species logically and rationally.
Before animal morality, sensibility trumps reason.
For a long time, people have been discussing whether human moral sense comes from emotion or rational speculation. David hume, an 18th-century philosopher, thought that moral sense originated from emotion, while Kant thought that morality originated from reason. When I became interested in the psychology of human-animal relationship, I decided to find out what people were thinking when they thought about moral issues related to other animals. At that time, the field of moral psychology was Harvard psychologist lawrence kohlberg.
（Lawrence Kohlberg）
Like Kant, Kohlberg also believes that all moral decisions mostly come from careful thinking: we weigh the pros and cons of actions before making logical decisions. Kohlberg mainly studies the development of children’s moral thinking. He will tell the children a dilemma story, and then ask them to make a decision and explain the reasons behind the thinking. Kohlberg’s most classic story is about Hans, a poor man who stole expensive pills from a greedy boss to save his wife with cancer. When judging whether Hans had the right to steal drugs, Kohlberg’s children played the spirit of logicians. They weighed the possibility of Hans being arrested and the happiness that his wife might bring when she recovered.
Me and my student Shelley galvin.
（Shelley Galvin）
This experimental method is used to study how people view the animals tested in the laboratory. Our research method is very simple. Respondents can analyze a series of animal experimental situations by themselves, and then we ask respondents whether they agree or disagree with specific experiments and the reasons behind the decision: in one experiment, researchers must take stem cells from monkey embryos and transplant them into the brains of adult monkeys in order to treat Alzheimer’s disease; In order to study the role of genes and experience in the development of complex action patterns, another experimenter requested that the forelimbs of newborn mice be amputated. Both experiments are based on real experiments.
About half of the respondents accepted the monkey experiment, while only a quarter of the respondents supported the mouse amputation research. As far as monkey brain experiments are concerned, children tend to think rationally and carefully weigh the costs and benefits of sacrificing animal rights. But when faced with the issue of amputation of rats, children take a different attitude. Facing the amputation experiment, children wrote down such things as: "I object to this experiment", "Please think about the face of the amputated mouse", or even "it’s too much". Our interviewees responded emotionally to the amputation experiment of young rats instead of rationally.
Judging from the main theories of psychological and moral development, we estimate that the interviewees will take logic as their thinking principle. However, we found that children let their emotions break away. This result is obviously related to Jon Heder, the leader of contemporary moral psychology.
（Jon Haidt）
As he said, Heidt thinks that emotion often trumps reason on moral issues. Like most psychologists, Heidegger believes that human cognition involves two processes. First, it is instinctive, quick, subconscious, effortless and emotional, and then it is thoughtful, conscious, logical and completely slow. Usually, only after our intuitive judgment can we get rid of the cognitive fog and re-examine whether the original judgment dominated by emotions is appropriate.
Heidett believes that most human beings use the above two systems to make moral judgments, but illogical intuitive systems usually dominate. Heidt’s theory seems to fully echo Lucy, a special educator and animal rights activist I visited. When I asked her what role logic and emotion played in the practice of animal activism, Lucy said, "This is usually related to emotion, but in many cases, I have to find rational evidence for my emotional response, so that I can defend my position and influence others."
When people are asked if that family can eat their pets, most people will immediately categorically deny: "No! Of course you can’t eat your own dog! " But when you ask the other person to think rationally and explain what’s wrong with eating dead and painless animal carcasses, almost all the interviewees can’t give a logical explanation. Heidt called this judgment "a moral problem that makes people laugh and cry." The real reason is nausea, because it is so disgusting.
University of Pennsylvania psychologist Paul Rozin
（Paul Rozin）
Think that nausea is also a moral emotion. Generally speaking, human beings think it is disgusting to have sex with brothers and sisters. The products of the body, such as feces, urine and menstruation, are also extremely disgusting to people, and this aversion can be said to be regardless of racial culture.
We’re all hypocrites?
Is the life of spiders as important as that of egrets and human beings? Of course, logically speaking, this is completely correct. -Joan Diar
Stop making fun. No matter in any era or culture, human beings have always been hypocrites. When we criticize the hypocrisy of others, we also reveal our own absurdity. -Jon Heder.
In June, 2009, the American Veterinary Association decided to let the 10,000 veterinarians and auxiliary professionals attending the annual meeting build a sense of team trust with the wonderful activities of catching big fish. People for the ethical treatment of animals is obviously quite dissatisfied with this design, and Ashley Byrne, the project manager of the organization,
（Ashley Byrne）
An article published in the Los Angeles Times wrote: "It’s crazy to kill animals so that participants can pick up their bodies. And what a bad message does it send to the public when veterinarians take pleasure in catching the carcasses of big fish? " This passage was regarded as a laughing stock by the TV media. At first, I thought Ashley seemed too harsh. However, people for the ethical treatment of animals later issued a statement, saying, Will the participants laugh so much when they see the men in gray hats throwing the dead cats? Only then did I realize that the organization was right. Why do humans find it interesting to catch dead fish, but not the dead cat?
The deep connection between man and pet
（The Powerful Bond Between People and Pets）
Author elizabeth anderson.（Elizabeth Anderson）
I am quite confused about the inconsistency of this moral attitude. For example, she can’t understand why many pet owners wear mink coats. Anderson wrote: "I really can’t understand why owners who love cats and dogs enough to kiss them are indifferent to the fact that seals are shot in the head, skinned or mink are electrocuted by anus." In fact, this is not surprising. Those who melt instantly when they see kittens are also likely to love the color of fur. Even people who stand up for animal rights often make such contradictory actions. Scott Plous, a social psychologist, found that among the animal rights activists he interviewed, nearly 70% thought that banning clothing made of animal fur should be regarded as the primary goal of the animal protection movement, but they also admitted that they also wore leather products.
Psychologists have always known that people often don’t do what they say. A generally accepted attitude theory is called A-B-C model, which holds that the so-called attitude contains three elements-emotion: your emotional feeling about a thing; Behavior: how your attitude affects your external behavior; Cognition: How much do you know about one thing? Many times, these elements will work together. Rob Bass is a good example. Rob, a 52-year-old philosopher, has always lived a smooth life. In 2001, he read an article by anthropologist Mylan Engel.
（Mylan Engel）
After writing the article, life has changed greatly. Rob was surprised by Engel’s persuasive remarks against meat. He spent three whole weeks hoping to find out Engel’s logical mistakes or contradictions. After a month, he gave in completely. When he found out what Engel said was true(Perceptual change)
He knew that he had to stop eating meat.(Behavior change)
. A few weeks later, when he walked into the cafeteria on campus with his colleagues, he just smelled the strong smell of fried hamburger meat, and his body immediately responded: "disgusting, that smell is disgusting."(Emotional change)
. "Engel’s article made Rob have a cyclical change in emotion, perception and behavior. Now, Rob and his wife Gail Dean（Gayle Dean）
After a similar transition period, both became vegans. They oppose any form of animal exploitation, and Rob also teaches animal rights issues in moral courses.
But Rob and Gail are very few examples. Most people are not only indifferent, but also will not feel frustrated because of their contradictory behavior towards animals. The Los Angeles Times was commissioned to survey American adults’ views on the following statement by random sampling: "Do you agree that animals and humans are the same in all important points of view?" The newspaper said that about 47% people agreed with this view. I am rather skeptical about the results of the survey, so I want to know what my students think of the above statement. I made a survey of 100 students. The questionnaire not only included questions from the Los Angeles Times, but also added many questions about the treatment of animals. The results show that my suspicion is wrong. It’s just right that about 47% of students think that animals are as important as humans, but even so, it has no effect on how they view "animals being used by humans". Among the students who think that animals are as important as human beings, about half are in favor of animal experiments, 40% think it is feasible to remove animal organs to save patients, and 90% eat animals that are the same as human beings in all important points of view more often.
Why can people be so calm about the contradiction between their words and deeds? Most people’s attitude towards how other creatures are treated is exactly what philosophers call "no position"
（nonattitudes）
Or "vague position"（vacuous attitudes）
, by a large number of unrelated ideas combined with simple thoughts. In contrast, the belief system of Rob and Gail was established after thinking deeply about the moral problems related to animals. The relationship between human beings and other species is a very complicated moral issue, and most people who consider themselves animal lovers generally have a compromise idea. For example, the National Polling Center once conducted a survey. When the respondents were asked "How do you feel about animal experiments?", only one-fifth of the respondents would express strong approval or opposition.
Although there are many exceptions, the evidence shows that most people don’t pay so much attention to animal issues. In 2000, Gallup asked American adults to rate the importance of the following social issues, such as abortion rights, animal rights, gun management, environmental protection, women’s rights and consumer rights. As a result, animal rights came last. In 2001, the American humane society organization was commissioned to investigate which animal protection group contributed the most, only to find that half of the respondents couldn’t even name an animal protection group. In addition, a survey shows that only 2% of the boycotters who participate in the consumer movement care about how animals are treated. The fact is, for most people, except for personal pets, how animals are treated is really not their priority.
Billboards put up by vegetarians.
Why are we like this?
Leon festinger, 1950.
（Leon Festinger）
Put forward a heavyweight theory in psychology-when our beliefs, behaviors and attitudes are at odds, we will enter what he calls "cognitive dissonance"（cognitive dissonance）
The state of. Because cognitive dissonance brings extremely uncomfortable feelings, people try to reduce this kind of trouble caused by mental inconsistency. For example, we may change our beliefs or behaviors, or deny or distort evidence about facts.
Environmental ethicist Chris Dimm
（Chris Diehm）
Believe that human beings strive for moral consistency. He said that whenever he pointed out to the other side that the way he treated animals was inconsistent, the other side would try to correct their behavior as much as possible, or at least they would try to justify it so as to make themselves appear to be one with words. He wrote: "We have to admit that the moral relationship between human beings and animals is a confused and contradictory road: cats are pets and cows are food. When you point out the absurdity of the other person’s behavior, they will try to rationalize their behavior or make some changes in their comfort zone. I think it is a good thing to pursue moral consistency, and when people’s words and deeds are different, it will trigger us to carry out moral dialectics and thinking. "
Chris is a philosopher, and he is more concerned about the efforts of human beings to integrate their beliefs and behaviors. I am a psychologist, and I am more concerned about the carelessness shown by human beings in the face of moral issues between themselves and animals. In my experience, most people, whether cockfighters, animal researchers or pet owners, will never admit their mistakes when you point out their moral inconsistency in the face of animals.
(Sometimes I laugh quite unnaturally)
.
In a word, moral consistency is not only vague but also almost out of reach. In the real world, whether it’s our minds or emotions, we can’t decide how to treat animals.
Author: Hal Herzog
Integration: Li Yan
Editor: Li Yongbo, He Anan
Proofreading: Zhai Yongjun
Reporting/feedback
Everyone is searching.
Are dogs carnivorous? Are dogs carnivorous or herbivorous? Are dogs carnivorous or omnivorous? Are dogs animals?



issue

Raphael Jr.

I used to think it was wrong to eat dog meat. When someone asked me why I ate pork, I wouldn’t refute it. What I should say now is that I don’t care what other people eat, but please don’t deliberately kill them to eat meat. A happy death is better than a tortured death. I couldn’t accept eating dog meat before. One thing is that I have a dog myself. Another thing is that many dog shops are very cruel. There are also many people who steal dogs. In summary, they will be very cruel to eat dog meat.

2019-07-22

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Raphael Jr.

Hehe, get high yourself, make a gentleman not a villain.

2019-07-27

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Raphael Jr.

What’s the difference between your current behavior and a mad dog? What do you think if you say you won, you won’t push your luck, not a mad dog? A word has exposed your own position on yourself. A just person is ok. A just messenger who talks online is awesome.

2019-07-27

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All 83 replies

God of the origin of all evil.

Humans take the contribution of animals as the standard. In ancient times, humans raised cattle for plowing, so no one ate them or seldom ate them at that time, so the status of cattle was very high in the past. In ancient times, dogs were raised to look after caregivers and hunt, and their status was not as high as that of cattle, while pigs and chickens raised them for only one purpose, that is, to eat, and their status was very low. With the development of society, cattle became less important, so humans no longer relied on them.

2019-07-23

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XiaoyangSHuo esports sh

Fans in the game field

Moreover, what we are discussing is the handling of urban dogs, not the so-called dog dealers and dog thieves, but the conflict between urban stray dogs and people! Look at the latest news for yourself, how many conflicts between dogs and people there are! Look at the foreign regulations on pet dogs! I think China’s laws should be learned from foreign countries, so as not to be wanton under the pretext of law!

2019-07-26

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XiaoyangSHuo esports sh

Fans in the game field

What data do you call this? Do you have specific figures and proportions? How many restaurant dogs are stolen? What’s the ratio? Is there any police intervention? How many dog owners have found their dogs in restaurants? Do you have these data? You can’t deny everything just by one case. This is cynical, not a rational human thought! ! !

2019-07-26

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All 26 replies

Zhenweiai 0Y

The statement that life is equal is the biggest lie. Human beings are born equal, but life is never equal, and human beings will always have priority over other lives, unless you stop being a man. Life is only a certain combination of matter, and it is only a machine in essence. Life itself is not worthy of respect, but the rationality and emotion it shows. The reason why we don’t abuse cats and dogs is that their high rationality and emotional ability can stimulate human empathy. No one will empathize with plants or bacteria, and substitute human emotional ability into animals to draw the absurd conclusion that all beings are equal. This is the biggest mistake of animal protection organizations.

2019-07-23

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Arouet discussion

Understand people, the essence of life is a complex machine.

2019-07-27

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Zhenweiai 0Y

If an animal approaches or threatens Danone’s status, human beings will definitely kill him.

2019-07-25

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全部11条回复

True base is not afraid of corruption.

This is a false proposition, pigs can also be pets, dogs can also be food! I am a dog lover. At the same time, I also eat dog meat and I don’t restrict others from eating dog meat. I just don’t approve of stealing dogs, beating dogs and abusing dogs. Love dogs should not be extreme, hate dogs should not be excessive, love dogs rationally and put people first. Don’t love, please don’t hurt, you can love, and don’t be bad. Everything is reasonable and law-abiding. Being a human being should be reasonable. After all, people can think and have ideas. What we have to do is to know right from wrong, to know good from evil. The owner of a dog should not blindly cover up his mistakes, because he is brave enough to take responsibility. If his own dog is not well-bred, he can’t pretend to love a dog for it.

2019-07-22

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A drop of mercury on an aluminum sheet

Eaten in a hurry

2019-07-24

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The account has been cancelled.

It’s not that you can’t eat, it’s that you can’t abuse life, like the live bear who used to take courage is abusing.

2019-07-23

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All 6 replies

Starry night sky

First of all, it is a false proposition that dogs are friends of human beings, and dogs are friends of their owners; The law on eating dog meat doesn’t say that you can’t eat it or that you can eat it. The law can’t control it. If something goes wrong, just take responsibility for it and it won’t interfere with other people’s affairs. For the source of dog meat, there are meat dogs and thieves. Please take out the evidence of the thief and find the dog thief. Don’t worry about the meat dog, and you can’t control it. The meat of pet dogs is not delicious, which is based on the feedback from major netizens; It is also illegal to destroy other people’s property without permission. Whether it is stealing a dog or smashing a shop, please compensate according to the price of the damage. It is illegal to destroy other people’s property. Please comment on quality.

2019-07-22

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CoVa

Those who have eaten pet dogs are quite Doha.

2019-07-26

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Fish-teasing stray cats

It’s not said that you can’t eat, because dogs have been food for thousands of years, and it doesn’t need another explanation by law. Have you ever heard of any kind of food that you often eat, and it is clearly stated in which law that it is food?

2019-07-25

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All 7 replies

Floating like a wind, back to snow LSF

However, even vegans are faced with an irrational question: Can wolves be prevented from eating sheep? This is the nature of the biological chain. The law of the jungle fights each other, and this relationship is necessary. It will promote the evolution of species and control the number of species to ensure balance. Peaceful coexistence in this world is acquired, and selfish competition is the nature of all species. (Why are animals selfish? See Selfish Genes.)

2019-07-21

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La la la la jrfI

Hmm. How interesting

2019-07-28

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dkdndjf

Wolves eat sheep and sheep eat grass. Living things need to eat, and not attacking other living things means extinction.

2019-07-25

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All 8 replies

Mystery piece soup cat

Treat the non-existent equally. Everything is attributed to the needs of human beings. For pets, human beings can treat them as food, but this is equivalent to burning a harp and cooking a crane. When there is enough firewood, there is no need to use the piano as fuel. Similarly, pets can meet many needs other than human consumption. It is difficult to get feedback when communicating with people, while animals are much simpler, even if sometimes it is only one-way. If we make it clear, we can understand why animals are not treated equally. Cats and dogs are in line with the aesthetics of most people, so they are more cherished in the eyes of human beings, just like watching a piano is better than watching a piece of wood. Everything is human needs.

2019-07-22

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CoVa

This human words, really not necessarily.

2019-07-26

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Puppet show

It’s not symbiosis. Humans and dogs can survive without each other. Domestication was just hunting.

2019-07-23

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All 6 replies

The account has been cancelled.

Life is precious, love is more expensive;
If you are free, you can throw both.
Those who really love dogs will not deprive them of their freedom to keep them. Because love is a kind of giving, not possession, such as the family love that parents give to their children for free. The so-called love for dogs by people who love dogs is to satisfy their own selfish desires. This is just a hobby, not love.
Dog powder unilaterally deprives animals of their freedom and equal rights and enslaves animals as emotional sustenance, which is not a moral noble behavior, such as fighting cricket and walking myna. So, don’t flaunt the selfish hobby of dog powder as great.
Kindness can’t be double standard,
Refuse to keep pets;
Return the earth to beauty,
Return life to freedom.
If you love dogs, please return your freedom to them first!

//

@ Fully embody haha

：

Loving dogs is a program written in people’s genes, not morbid. You just don’t express your love for dogs like them, but if you change your past experience, you may like dogs.

2019-07-23

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La la la la jrfI

Brother, there are so many people stealing dogs now, and dogs don’t necessarily want to.

2019-07-28

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The account has been cancelled.

Who told you that people should give up their towns to dogs to set them free? The freedom of animals is in the wild.

2019-07-26

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All 5 replies

Shiying quality assurance

What about the food? In a truly civilized country, pets, food and experimental animals should all enjoy animal welfare! When pigs grow to a certain extent, they will become human food, yes; But civilized human beings will make pigs have a certain quality of life when they are alive and die without pain.

2019-07-22

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Sun jiao beast xp

You still have to eat meat if you say it in a grandiose way.

How can anyone not bleed, or do you think beheading is more merciful? Look at that fish. It’s all disemboweled and still swimming around. What should I do?

As for the abuse and torture, there is no need to waste all that time.

2019-07-26

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Shiying quality assurance

It’s not interesting for you to say these things here. I’m not afraid of anything. I just hope that most people will become civilized, not including you.

2019-07-26

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All 8 replies

Cold and frosty

In some countries, you can’t eat beef, because you think cows are cultivated land and it is unjust to eat them.

2019-07-21

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CoVa

I think it is to let animals play their greatest value.

2019-07-26

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Empty ink

Not injustice, but faith. For example, we don’t eat cats in our hometown.

2019-07-26

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All 20 replies

Haha king 12345678

Who says dogs are pets and pigs are food? Obviously it’s all pets and food! There is a special meat dog factory and a lovely pet pig! The reason why eating dog meat has always been emphasized is that many dog meat dealers steal people’s dogs as pets and sell them, or directly catch stray dogs and kill them, so this is the key! I have a dog, too, and I like dogs! Many places are inseparable from the help of dogs!

2019-07-22

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Zero clock VoV

Therefore, it is not the dog eaters who are condemned, but the people who illegally obtain dog meat and receive these dog meat.

2019-07-23

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Zero clock VoV

Stealing dogs infringes people’s property rights, using stray dogs does not meet health standards, and eating dog meat is not illegal, but dog meat must have a regular and healthy source. Also, Chinese Korean dog meat hotpot is their specialty food!

2019-07-23

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Fully embody haha

In fact, it is not necessary to say that people are irrational. The article is right. People tend to empathize with certain species more easily, but doesn’t this reflect that a person can have energy to sympathize with other different species because of his rich food and resources? Let those who have not enough to eat sympathize with cats and dogs. For a long time in the past, individuals who can have enough food can get more mating rights. Big-eyed creatures can be reminiscent of human babies. Human babies must have big eyes and have enough food to feed small animals. So this is why some people like young animals such as kittens and pandas.

2019-07-22

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Fully embody haha

People can make the right decision by jumping out of the limitations of human beings from the perspective of nature, but they can’t fall into the sense of pleasure and superiority of self-incarnation as God and nature. People are always people.

2019-07-23

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La la ah vtLbV

I think it’s hard to say. . . I understand that the author is looking at human behavior from a perspective other than human beings. This is not hypocrisy, after all, the study of modern philosophy is to put aside your own human nature and social ethics, and you will feel more condescending. But I agree with what you said. On the other hand, when people try to think from a standpoint other than their own race, isn’t it a manifestation of their purposefulness and sensibility? I can only say that this way of thinking is invented by human beings, based on sensibility and aiming at rationality, and it is indeed of practical significance. It’s just that the author doesn’t use it well . .

2019-07-22

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All three replies

Qiqi Abcd

Dogs can meet the needs of human emotions and utilization. To put it bluntly, pigs do not have these skills at all, so they eat them.

2019-07-21

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The account has been cancelled.

可以参考一下！
爱狗人士因为自己的所作所为，已经被社会大众定义贬义词。
1、极端的狗主：为了狗和他自己的方便，常常无视文明养狗的规定。这类人可以通过完善的法规和严格的执法纠正过来。
2、相关利益方：宠物从业者和骗捐者，他们自己并不一定爱狗、养狗，但他们会通过一系列的虚假宣传运作，诱使他人来购买产品、服务和骗取捐款。尤其是骗捐者，他们会主动参与一些救狗行为，以此来增加知名度，为骗捐作准备。他们还会为了一己私利去践踏法律的做出一些拦路劫车、砸狗肉馆、逼人跪狗、仗狗打人、侵犯隐私等等恶行。对于此类，政府应依法对其进行严厉的惩戒。
3、境外组织的代言人：有反华、反人类的一些伪动保组织，也包括在欧美也诟病的极端伪动保。代言人收取国外组织提供资金，在大陆进行虚假宣传和煽动，挑起国民为了狗去对立，煽动极端分子冲击政府机关和军事基地，以此来扰乱和平发展的中国社会。同样，它们也会非法的去做出拦路劫狗等恶行。但是它们的目的却不同，第二类只求财，而它们却是数典忘祖的在卖国求奴！对于此类，国人一定要擦亮眼睛，千万不要做它们的炮灰！而且一定要将它们曝露在阳光下来赶尽杀绝！否则国无宁日！

2019-07-26

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Sun jiao beast xp

It’s a little expensive, just eat it occasionally. Every day in China, there is a dog vaccine that is bitten by dogs, and it never stops. Why are there so many crazy dog lovers (people who don’t allow others to eat dog meat) who oppose abuse and stealing? Please be rational.

2019-07-26

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All 7 replies

Twilight seeking knowledge big ram

People protect lovable animals and repel unpleasant animals. Take a chestnut as an example: in the 20th century, there was a forest in America, which was full of vitality, and it had already been before that. There are a group of deer in the forest. Although they are cute, it doesn’t make them escape from the wolves. Roosevelt decided to protect these deer, so he hired many hunters with a lot of money to kill wolves. Soon, the number of wolves dropped sharply, not only wolves, but also other deer-eating animals such as cheetahs were killed at gunpoint. Deer have become favorites. Because they have no natural enemies, they breed and eat the plants in the forest at will. Later, bad luck also fell on the deer. Words are limited!

2019-07-23

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Twilight seeking knowledge big ram

Up posture, thank you.

2019-07-25

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Tiger shark 2012

This is a matter of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Finally, it took a lot of money to introduce gray wolves to rebuild the wolves to stop the deer from flooding.

2019-07-24

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All three replies

Bierlaici

I’m different. I don’t fucking like pork but dog meat. I heard there was swine fever this year. Now I eat braised dog meat once a week. I feel that dog meat is the most fragrant among meat.

2019-07-22

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Orchid leaf Gudan 0Gb

? Smells good? ? warn

2019-07-25

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Xiao Yu ying xian

Can he not hold a grudge if you eat his father?

2019-07-24

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All 6 replies

Gluten meatball

Maybe I’m too philanthropic. I like to keep all animals except people, including plants, as long as it’s predestined friends. As for those who eat it or not, it depends on their feelings. I kept the baby chicken for a week and died. I didn’t eat chicken for three years. The baby pig was raised in my grandmother’s house for a few days when I was a child, so I didn’t eat pork before I was ten years old, and I hardly ate fish before I raised it. Only the dog has the deepest feelings and almost accompanied my whole life, so I never ate dog meat all my life.

2019-07-23

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Sun jiao beast xp

Girl, you are so cute, very hahaha.

2019-07-26

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Gluten meatball

I can’t say it’s fraternity, but I value my feelings.

2019-07-23

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All three replies

We are not cute.

What does eating have to do with being cute? How much of the same sample can only catch up with the meat of one? How much does it cost?

2019-07-22

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Sun jiao beast xp

So there are still too many crazy dog lovers, which makes the price of dog meat rise again.

2019-07-26

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The account has been cancelled.

Therefore, it is still necessary to meet different consumer needs.

2019-07-24

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All 6 replies

Reshiram X.

Dogs can help people, and pork is delicious. This is the reason.

2019-07-22

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Bigteacher3Y

Sorry, I think dog meat tastes better. Can I eat dog without being sprayed?

2019-07-28

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CoVa

Police pig, it seems that you are only trained to try one aspect, right? Police dogs are different, right?

2019-07-26

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全部11条回复

The account has been cancelled.

可以参考一下！
爱狗人士因为自己的所作所为，已经被社会大众定义贬义词。
1、极端的狗主：为了狗和他自己的方便，常常无视文明养狗的规定。这类人可以通过完善的法规和严格的执法纠正过来。
2、相关利益方：宠物从业者和骗捐者，他们自己并不一定爱狗、养狗，但他们会通过一系列的虚假宣传运作，诱使他人来购买产品、服务和骗取捐款。尤其是骗捐者，他们会主动参与一些救狗行为，以此来增加知名度，为骗捐作准备。他们还会为了一己私利去践踏法律的做出一些拦路劫车、砸狗肉馆、逼人跪狗、仗狗打人、侵犯隐私等等恶行。对于此类，政府应依法对其进行严厉的惩戒。
3、境外组织的代言人：有反华、反人类的一些伪动保组织，也包括在欧美也诟病的极端伪动保。代言人收取国外组织提供资金，在大陆进行虚假宣传和煽动，挑起国民为了狗去对立，煽动极端分子冲击政府机关和军事基地，以此来扰乱和平发展的中国社会。同样，它们也会非法的去做出拦路劫狗等恶行。但是它们的目的却不同，第二类只求财，而它们却是数典忘祖的在卖国求奴！对于此类，国人一定要擦亮眼睛，千万不要做它们的炮灰！而且一定要将它们曝露在阳光下来赶尽杀绝！否则国无宁日！

//

@ 京京京京京京京 xp

：

It’s a little expensive, just eat it occasionally. Every day in China, there is a dog vaccine that is bitten by dogs, and it never stops. Why are there so many crazy dog lovers (people who don’t allow others to eat dog meat) who oppose abuse and stealing? Please be rational.

2019-07-26

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Raphael Jr.

2019-07-27

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The account has been cancelled.

You came in to do your duty?

2019-07-27

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Guang C00628

Those who gave their love to dogs. . . I left the hurt and sadness to the people around me. . . And boast that you are a caring person. Good-hearted people. . To: dog lovers

2019-07-21

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I don’t know what to call it.

Not everyone is like this, okay?

2019-07-26

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darkerking66

It should be pseudo-lovers. These people don’t really love dogs just for hype.

2019-07-21

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