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Family, today’s test drive of Aouita 12, this steering wheel is almost "bright blind"! When I saw the octagon, my heart tightened. Can this be reliable? However, after going on the road, I was amazed at the comfortable grip, and the automatic heating function instantly warmed my hands and heart. The steering is ridiculously accurate, as if the car follows the heart. The big screen is almost unobstructed, and the field of vision is so wide that I think I am flying a plane. Cool!
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Recently, the automobile development dilemma has aroused widespread concern in the industry. Last year, with the strong performance of the ace model D9, Tengshi emerged in the pure electric MPV market. However, the development of Tengshi has encountered a bottleneck this year. The sales volume of the ace model D9 has fallen sharply, and the second sales pillar has not appeared.
According to the latest sales data of New Power Week, Tengshi returned to the top ten list with sales of 3200 vehicles from December 9 to December 15, but before that, the brand had failed to make the list for four consecutive weeks. This data reflects the instability of Tengshi’s recent sales volume and the intensity of market competition.
Looking back on this year, our sales have gradually declined from the peak. Tengshi D9, once the new energy MPV sales champion, has lost the title of sales champion for three consecutive months, and its sales volume has almost halved. In November, the sales volume of Tengshi D9 was only 6,100 vehicles, which showed an obvious downward trend compared with the past monthly achievement of over 10,000 vehicles. This also makes Tengshi D9 fall to the third place in the new energy MPV ranking, and the overall MPV market sales ranking falls to the fifth place.
The downward trend of Tengshi D9 sales began in September this year, when it sold 8,122 vehicles, losing the position of monthly sales champion in MPV market for the first time. GAC Toyota won the championship with sales of 9,380 vehicles, and also set new sales records. Since then, the sales volume of Tengshi D9 has continued to decline, with 7,381 vehicles sold in October and 6,100 vehicles in November.
According to industry analysts, the reason for the decline in Tengshi D9 sales mainly lies in the intensification of market competition. With the fierce competition in the new energy MPV market, MPV is no longer the exclusive advantage of Tengshi D9. , Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi E8, Lantu Dreamer and other models have launched versions, and the cost performance has gradually surpassed Tengshi D9, which has brought great impact to Tengshi.
Tengshi D9′ s competitiveness is also declining. The starting price of this model is as high as 339,800 yuan, which is not dominant in the current market with serious "involution". At the same time, the year-end is approaching, and the preferential strength of Tengshi D9 is not attractive to consumers compared with other competing products. In terms of configuration, Tengshi D9, after being separated from BYD’s independent operation, affected its sense of high-class in consumers’ minds to some extent. Interior materials and sense of science and technology are also slightly weaker than products such as Lantu Dreamer and Buick GL8.
The overall performance of Tengshi automobile has also been affected by the defeat of the ace model. In the first 11 months of this year, Tengshi’s cumulative sales volume reached 110,800 vehicles, of which Tengshi’s D9 sales volume was 92,800 vehicles, accounting for 83.75% of the total sales volume. Sales of other models, such as, and, are not ideal. Tengshi N7, as the most important redesigned model this year, saw its sales volume improve in a short time, but the growth rate slowed down sharply, and then began to decline.
Tengshi N8 has been discontinued, and there has been no sales for many months this year. Although Tengshi Z9GT is expected to become the second sales pillar, its contribution to the overall sales this year is not obvious due to its late listing. At present, the model with the highest market expectation value was unveiled at this year’s Guangzhou Auto Show, but it is still unknown whether this model can become the savior of Tengshi’s SUV.
Facing the current predicament, Tengshi Automobile needs to find new growth points. As a vital part of BYD system, Tengshi brand plays a key role in connecting the preceding with the following. However, how to reverse the decline in the fierce market competition has become an urgent problem for Tengshi Automobile.
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Pinyin typing, consulting dictionaries, learning Mandarin … Today, Chinese Pinyin has been integrated into all aspects of our lives, so that it is often overlooked that it is not ancient, but the product of China’s language modernization and the crystallization of the wisdom of several generations.
On May 10th, a symposium was held in Beijing to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the promulgation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. More than 100 representatives from education, scientific research, culture and other sectors discussed the historical experience and value of the times in the development, popularization and application of Chinese Pinyin.
1. From word of mouth to scientific programs
Why should we develop and promulgate the Chinese Pinyin Scheme? According to Wu Benyuan, the grandson of Wu Yuzhang, then director of the China Language Reform Commission, "In fact, the original purpose was very simple, that is, to use a good method to eliminate illiteracy."
In the early days of the founding of New China, China’s illiteracy rate reached 80%. In order to quickly change its backwardness and pay special attention to literacy and cultural popularization, the CPC Central Committee carried out three major tasks: simplifying Chinese characters, popularizing Putonghua and formulating a scheme to promote Chinese Pinyin.
At that time, the traditional pronunciation method and backcutting method in China showed obvious disadvantages in phonetic notation of Chinese characters. "Homophones should be used for straight sounds, while some syllables have no homophones, such as’ playing, brewing, and being timid’; Although some syllables have homophones, they are very uncommon. Note the sound is equal to no note. For example, the homophones of’ 司司’ have’ 司’ and’ 司’. Backcutting is to spell out a syllable with two Chinese characters for phonetic notation, such as’ one, it is difficult to master.’ " Su Peicheng, a professor of Chinese Department in Peking University, told the reporter, "You can’t use Chinese phonetic notation to learn Mandarin, because people who study like that can’t learn Mandarin if they read it according to dialect pronunciation."
The ancient ones don’t work, but what about the designs made by foreigners? Since the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the phonetic notation methods designed by foreigners for preaching and learning Chinese include Matteo Ricci’s Latin alphabet, British Wittoma pinyin and American Kennedy’s Yale pinyin. "These pinyin schemes are all for foreigners, and there is neither a unified phonetic standard nor the pursuit of accuracy corresponding to the pronunciation of Chinese characters." Yuan Zhongrui, executive director of Chinese Language Modernization Society, said that we need to create Chinese’s own more scientific and accurate scheme.
In fact, Chinese’s self-created pinyin scheme can be traced back to "At a glance" published by Lu Taizhang in 1892, and many schemes have been born since then, among which Wang Zhao’s mandarin letters, Wu Zhihui’s phonetic alphabet, li jinxi Zhao Yuanren’s national language Roman characters (Guoluo) and Qu Qiubai Wu Yuzhang’s northern Latin new characters (Beila) have the greatest influence. However, these schemes can’t meet the demand because they are not convenient for international communication or are not precise, simple and accurate.
In 1955, the Central Committee instructed the China Character Reform Commission to study and formulate new Chinese phonetic alphabet tools. After three years of research and development, the National People’s Congress passed and promulgated the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" on February 11th, 1958, and it was quickly popularized throughout the country.
Following the "book with the same language", China culture ended thousands of years of oral history and started the era of "homophony".
2. From literacy tools to cultural bridges
"The main purpose of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme is to phonetic Chinese characters and spell Mandarin to help literacy, unify pronunciation and teach Mandarin. The purpose is to facilitate the people to learn and use Chinese characters and promote the further unification of Chinese, and it is not used to replace Chinese characters." On February 3rd, 1958, Wu Yuzhang clearly explained the two major functions of Chinese Pinyin-phonetic notation and spelling.
Over the past 60 years, China’s illiteracy rate has dropped from 80% at the beginning of the founding of New China to 4.08%, the popularization rate of Putonghua has increased to over 70%, and the proportion of literate people using standardized Chinese characters has exceeded 95%, all thanks to Chinese Pinyin.
Besides, designing special languages such as sign language and Braille, improving and creating minority languages, arranging all kinds of dictionaries, books, files, medical records, documents and other materials, and forming terms and codes … After 60 years of development, the function of Chinese Pinyin has gone far beyond the original idea and has become an indispensable and important tool. Zhang Wei, secretary of the Party Committee and president of China Braille Publishing House, said: "Chinese Pinyin is an important foundation for compiling sign language and Braille, which provides convenience for disabled people to fully participate in social life on an equal footing and share the development achievements of social civilization."
Especially after the 1990s, with the advent of the era of globalization, informationization and intelligence, Chinese Pinyin has become an important tool for Chinese characters to input information by using international computer keyboards because of its colloquial, phonemic and Latin features, which has made ancient Chinese characters take the information express train to the world.
With the development of the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese Pinyin is more widely used in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. "Because of the particularity of ideographic characters of Chinese characters, foreigners can’t get the pronunciation from the glyphs of Chinese characters, so in the primary stage, pinyin is generally adopted to help Chinese beginners get started quickly." Zhao Guocheng, deputy director of Hanban, told reporters that Chinese Pinyin has become an important basis for teachers of Chinese as a foreign language to train students in pronunciation, rhyme and intonation.
This is just as Zhou Youguang, a famous linguist and one of the main founders of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme, pointed out when Chinese Pinyin was implemented for 50 years: "In the past 50 years, the application of Chinese Pinyin has expanded at an alarming rate. Originally mainly used in the field of education, it is now significantly used in the field of industry and commerce. Originally, it was mainly a literacy tool for primary schools, but now it has been widely developed as a medium for information transmission. It turned out to be the key to domestic culture, and now it extends to an international cultural bridge. "
3. From national standards to international standards
“The city of Beijing！” On July 13th, 2001, Samaranch, then president of the International Olympic Committee, announced that Beijing would be the host city of the 2008 Olympic Games. The spelling of "Beijing" in Chinese Pinyin has replaced the Weitoma Pinyin "Peking" commonly used in the international community in the past. This subtle change has witnessed the course of Chinese Pinyin from foreign schemes to domestic schemes, from national forms to international forms, from internal and external differences to internal and external consistency, and from national standards to international standards.
As early as 1977, the United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names decided to adopt the Chinese Pinyin Scheme as the international standard for spelling Chinese geographical names in China, which became the first step for Chinese Pinyin to go global.
Two years later, China, on behalf of Zhou Youguang, proposed to the Technical Committee for Standardization of Information and Documentation, an international organization for standardization, that the Chinese Pinyin Scheme should be taken as an international standard. In 1982, ISO 7098 Document Work-Chinese Roman Alphabet Spelling officially became the international standard of Chinese Roman Alphabet Spelling. This indicates that Chinese Pinyin has become an international standard from the national standard in China.
However, for a long time after that, the actual situation of Chinese Roman alphabet spelling in the world was still multi-scheme, and at the same time, Chinese Pinyin Scheme, wade Style and Yale Pinyin coexisted, and many countries and fields still acted according to their own habits. Considering this actual situation and the new requirements for Chinese Pinyin at home and abroad in the information age, it is necessary to revise the previous scheme.
Since 2011, China has officially started the revision of ISO 7098, and in June 2015, it was unanimously approved by the Technical Committee of Information and Literature Standardization, an international organization for standardization. Feng Zhiwei, the leader of the revision working group and a researcher at the Institute of Language and Character Application of the Ministry of Education, told the reporter: "The publication of this new international standard will help to improve the level of document automation in a digital and intelligent environment, so that Chinese Pinyin can play a greater role in international document work and further promote Chinese Pinyin to the world." Li Yuming, a well-known linguist in China, commented that this updated international standard "is a new step for Chinese Pinyin to enter the world, and also a new international step for Chinese culture". (Reporter Chai Ruzhen)
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Juan Carlos Izpisua, a 59-year-old Spanish scientist, successfully cultivated the "human pig embryo" in 2017. Now he and his team have completed the experiment of "human monkey embryo" again, and the embryo has been formed and can be born at any time. However, this plan was forced to stop when the embryo was 14 days old, because other scientists were worried that if the human monkey was really born in the end, it would probably produce self-awareness and eventually lead to self-destruction.
According to Spanish media reports, the research team of Salk Institute in California and Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM) in Spain conducted this experiment this year. They implanted human stem cells into monkey embryos, and finally the embryos gradually grew out of human tissues, and they formed smoothly, and they could also be born from female monkeys normally. Carlos pointed out that the formed stem cells can be used in human organ transplantation in the future, which is a major breakthrough in medical development.
However, many scientists believe that human monkey embryos will violate morality and ethics. The 14-day-old human monkey embryo was ready to develop the central nervous system, but under the pressure from the outside world, the Carlos team had to stop the plan urgently. á ángel Raya, director of the Barcelona Center for Regenerative Medicine, questioned: "If the brains of human monkey embryos finally develop human neurons, it means that they will have self-awareness." There is an ethical problem of hybridization between humans and animals.
Even though the experiment of human monkey embryos has come to an end, Carlos still insists on trying to combine rodents with human stem cells. "It is also possible to try to use embryos of non-human primates in the future." He also said that he hoped to open up a new path for heart and eye transplantation.
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[Looking back at the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" and enjoying new achievements]
"Our days are getting better and better, the community is clean and tidy, and the management is standardized and orderly. It is very comfortable to live in such an environment." In winter, although the weather is getting cold, Wang Min, who lives in Kangxingyuan Community, Cuntan Street, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, looks at the changes in the community and feels warm in her heart.
In recent years, the process of urbanization has accelerated, and the contradiction of residential property has gradually become prominent, which has increasingly become a shortcoming of urban grassroots governance. In some places, property conflicts once accounted for 70% of the total number of letters and visits.
How to solve this problem? "Jiangbei District adheres to the guidance of party building as the main line, integrates the party’s leadership into all aspects of property community governance, and explores ‘ Strengthen the guidance of party building, persist in resolving according to law, guide residents’ autonomy, and strengthen effective supervision ’ Working methods, get through to serve the masses ‘ The last 100 meters ’ 。” The main person in charge of the organization department of Jiangbei District Committee said that most of the difficulties encountered by the masses can be solved without leaving the community, and the continuous resolution of property conflicts has effectively improved the sense of acquisition and happiness of the masses.
It is more direct to serve the masses from "breakpoint" to "contact"
"Everyone trusts you. If you can be elected as the branch secretary and elected to the industry Committee, the masses will be more at ease." At the beginning, Ling Chiang, secretary of Dongjiaxi Community, found the owner Zhou Rong many times and wanted to invite her to participate in the community management.
"I have done management work before, but I have been retired for many years and it is difficult to participate in community governance." Zhou Rong always refuses. "Don’t be too busy to refuse me. We are fully combining the party branch setting with the residential building, building the party branch into the residential area and building the party group into the building. Now it is more convenient and direct to serve the residents." After several exchanges, Zhou Rong promised to transfer the organizational relationship from the original unit to the community and run for the post of Party branch secretary of the community to serve the residents of the community.
"In the past, there was no single party branch or party group in Jinxiu Beibin Community, and community party organizations went to the property community to become ‘ Breakpoint ’ 。” Ling Chiang said, the first thing to carry out party building to lead and resolve the contradiction of residential property is to build the party branch in the residential area and the party group in the building, and at the same time establish the party branch in the industry Committee and the property management company to build a "community party Committee — Community Party Branch — Building Party Group+Property Party Branch "mode, so that the building and the community party member can contact and coordinate to solve the building and community affairs. After the establishment of the Party branch of Jinxiu Beibin Community, four party groups were established with the building as the unit, and party member, a member of the industry committee, served as the leader of the party group.
At present, there are 19 Party branches in Jinxiu Beibin Community in party member, and the establishment of Party-Mass Post Stations in each building not only ensures a place for party member’s study and activities, but also gives the owners a place for discussion and leisure.
Change from "disorder" to "order" and do practical things according to the law and regulations
"oriental home Community has more than 8,000 permanent residents and is also an old community with concentrated houses." Yang Mingying, a resident of the community, told the reporter that with the aging of the community, property conflicts arose and accumulated, especially when the term of office of the fourth industry Committee expired, the original industry Committee could not perform its duties normally, resulting in some contradictions being resolved in time.
"The urgent task is to elect a new industry committee. We have learned the lessons from the unsuccessful last change. This change was promoted in accordance with the property regulations from the beginning. " Li Shengquan, secretary of the Party Working Committee of Huaxin Street, said. Street community party organizations intervened in advance, and guided and supervised the election of industry committees in accordance with the "six-step work method" of organizing publicity, selecting representatives, collecting applications, setting up special classes, preparing for the conference, and electing according to law.
"The regulations are well-known and the community is shared harmoniously. We went home to publicize the newly revised property management regulations, which were distributed by one household to help residents learn the law in their lives, find the law when they encounter problems, and solve problems by law. " Gou Yingrong, secretary of the Party Committee of oriental home Community, said that during the election process, the opinions and suggestions put forward by the owners were sorted out and investigated, and they were solved one by one through door-to-door visits and joint meeting research, thus winning the trust. Finally, a new industry committee was successfully elected according to law. Among the five members of the industry committee, there were 3 party member and 2 people, and the newly elected director of the industry committee was the secretary of the community party branch, achieving "one shoulder and one shoulder".
"The selection of the industry committee is the starting point, not the end point. Next, we will lead the community industry committee and the property company to accomplish the practical things they promised to do and build a harmonious and beautiful livable home." Yan Yingrong said.
Change from "incurable" to "autonomous". The masses participate in mass affairs.
"Parking in the community is too messy. It has been many years ‘ An incurable disease ’ 。” Shengli Garden Community is a typical rural-to-non-resettlement community, and the phenomenon of disorderly parking of vehicles is prominent, which brings hidden dangers to the safety of residents in the community.
"Only by letting residents manage their own affairs and play the role of masters can we truly build a beautiful and happy home that residents are satisfied with." In order to solve the parking problem, Zou Saixia, a member of Tieshanping Street Committee, was appointed as the first secretary of the community, and a working group for resolving property conflicts headed by the first secretary was set up. The industry committee and the property management company were combined to "receive issues" through various channels, and many parties earnestly talked about "ideas", discussed and organized "plans", posted a list to make public the way, specially reviewed "conventions", and residents voted "final decisions". In the end, the community formed a "two stops and three stops" parking convention (unilateral parking, parking spaces, non-stop fire exits, non-stop sidewalks, non-stop corners), and the property management company added 350 parking spaces on the road in the community, which not only solved the parking difficulties, but also allowed the fire exits to be used normally.
"After the establishment of the industry Committee, we not only solved the difficulty of parking, but also established rules and regulations in time to let autonomy run on the institutional track. At present, we have solved seven problems, such as throwing objects at high altitude and not lighting street lamps." Zhang Qizheng, director of the Industry Committee of Shengli Garden Community, said that the community has initially formed an autonomous network of "community-led autonomy, community autonomy and residents’ participation in autonomy", and has embarked on a road of community mass autonomy led by party organizations.
(Reporter Zhang Guosheng Li Hong)
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November 9, 2016 FB [2016] No.154
The finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning:
According to the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China and the State Council’s Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Local Government Debt (Guo Fa [2014] No.43), our department has formulated the Measures for the Management of General Debt Budget of Local Governments. It is hereby issued, please implement it carefully.
Annex: Measures for the Administration of General Debt Budget of Local Governments
Cc: General Office of the State Council, Budget Working Committee of the NPC Standing Committee, Financial Ombudsman Offices of the Ministry of Finance in all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans.
Attachment:
Measures for the Administration of General Debt Budget of Local Governments
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 In order to regulate the general debt budget management of local governments, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the State Council’s Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Local Government Debt (Guo Fa [2014] No.43) and other relevant provisions.
Article 2 General debts of local governments (hereinafter referred to as general debts) as mentioned in these Measures include general bonds of local governments (hereinafter referred to as general bonds), loans from international financial organizations and foreign governments with repayment responsibilities (hereinafter referred to as foreign loans), and general debts in the form of non-local government bonds as of December 31, 2014 (hereinafter referred to as general debts in the form of non-bonds).
Article 3 General debt revenue, arranged expenditure, debt service and issuance expenses shall be included in the general public budget management.
Article 4 General debt income shall be raised by issuing general bonds, except for foreign debt lending.
The governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are the main issuers of general bonds, and the provincial financial departments are responsible for the specific issuance. If it is really necessary for the governments of cities, autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts and municipal districts (hereinafter referred to as municipal and county governments) to issue general bonds, they should be included in the general debt budget management of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, which will issue them uniformly and lend them to the municipal and county governments. With the approval of the provincial government, the municipal government under separate state planning can issue general bonds by itself.
Article 5 General debt income shall be used for public welfare capital expenditure and shall not be used for recurrent expenditure.
Article 6 A general debt shall have a repayment plan and a stable source of repayment funds.
The principal of general debt is repaid through general public budget revenue (including transfer to budget stabilization fund and other budget funds) and issuance of general bonds.
Interest on general debt shall be repaid through general public budget revenue (including transferred budget stabilization fund and other budget funds), and shall not be repaid through issuing general bonds.
Article 7 Non-bond general debts shall be replaced by general bonds within the time limit stipulated by the State Council.
Eighth to strengthen the local government debt management information construction, general debt budget revenue and expenditure into the financial budget management information system at the same level, general debt management into a unified national management information system.
Article 9 Measures for the budget management of foreign debt lending shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of Finance.
Chapter II General Debt Limits and Balances
Article 10 Within the general debt limit approved by the National People’s Congress or its Standing Committee, the Ministry of Finance and Administration, based on factors such as debt risk, financial situation, and overall consideration of national regulatory policies and the needs of public welfare projects in various regions, puts forward plans for general debt limits in different regions and new general debt limits in the current year, and issues them to provincial financial departments after being approved by the State Council.
The provincial financial department shall, before the end of October each year, put forward suggestions on increasing borrowing general debts and arranging public welfare capital expenditure projects in the next year in the region, and report them to the Ministry of Finance after being approved by the governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
Article 11 The provincial finance department shall, within the local general debt limit issued by the Ministry of Finance, put forward a general debt limit plan for the current year for the provincial level and cities and counties under its jurisdiction based on factors such as debt risk, financial situation and overall consideration of the construction needs of public welfare projects in the local area, and submit it to the municipal and county finance departments after being approved by the provincial, autonomous regional and municipal governments.
The municipal and county financial departments shall put forward suggestions on issuing general bonds at the provincial level and arranging public welfare capital expenditure projects in advance, and report them to the provincial financial departments according to procedures after approval by the government at the corresponding level.
Twelfth provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall borrow general debts within the general debt limit, and the balance of general debts shall not exceed the local general debt limit.
The plan of issuing general bonds by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to repay the due principal of general debts shall be put forward by the provincial financial department in consideration of the actual needs of the corresponding level and cities and counties, and shall be submitted to the provincial, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government for approval and then organized and implemented according to the regulations.
Chapter III Budget Preparation and Reply
Thirteenth to increase the income from borrowing general debt, the following contents should be included in the budget adjustment plan:
(1) General bond income raised by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government within the newly-increased general debt limit;
(two) the general debt income of the city and county governments from the higher level government.
General debt income should be reflected under the total line of general public budget income, and the provincial level should be included in the corresponding budget account under "general debt income", and the city and county level should be included in the corresponding budget account under "local government general debt lending income".
Article 14 The expenditure for increasing the arrangement of borrowing general debts shall be included in the budget adjustment plan, including the expenditure at the same level and the expenditure at the lower level of lending. General debt expenditure should be clearly defined to specific projects, included in the management of financial expenditure budget project library, and linked with medium-term financial planning.
The expenditure of the general debt arrangement at this level shall be reflected in the total expenditure line of the general public budget and included in the relevant budget subjects according to the purpose of expenditure; Sub-lending expenditure should be reflected under the total line of general public budget expenditure and included in the corresponding budget subject under "debt lending expenditure".
Fifteenth general debt repayment expenditure should be based on the scale of general debt due in the current year, general public budget financial resources and other factors, and properly arranged, and included in the annual budget draft.
The general debt repayment expenditure should be reflected under the total line of general public budget expenditure and included in the corresponding budget subject under "local government general debt repayment expenditure".
Sixteenth general debt interest and issuance costs should be reasonably estimated according to the scale, interest rate and rate of general debt, and included in the overall arrangement of general public budget expenditure.
General debt interest and issuance expenses shall be reflected on the total line of general public budget expenditures. The general debt interest expense is included in the corresponding budget item under "local government general debt interest expense", and the issuance expense is included in the corresponding budget item under "local government general debt issuance expense".
Article 17 To increase the expenditure on borrowing general debts and corresponding arrangements, the financial department shall be responsible for the specific preparation of the general public budget adjustment plan, which shall be submitted by the government at the corresponding level to the Standing Committee of the people’s congress at the corresponding level for approval.
Article 18 Where a general debt is lent to a lower-level government, the financial department shall, after the approval of the people’s congress at the corresponding level or its standing committee, timely issue the budget for general debt lending to the relevant municipal and county-level financial departments.
After the approval of the people’s congress at the corresponding level or its standing Committee, the municipal and county governments that accept the general debt lending shall sign a lending agreement with the financial department at a higher level in time.
Chapter IV Budget Implementation and Final Accounts
Article 19 The provincial financial department shall make overall consideration of the situation at the corresponding level, cities and counties, formulate the general bond issuance plan of the whole province according to the budget adjustment plan, the demand for repayment of general debt principal and the bond market conditions, and reasonably determine the term structure and issuance time.
Article 20 The funds raised by the provincial finance department in issuing general bonds shall be turned over to the provincial treasury and allocated according to the budget arrangement and repayment plan.
The funds raised by issuing general bonds on behalf of the municipal and county governments shall be promptly allocated to the municipal and county financial departments by the provincial financial departments in accordance with the lending agreement.
Twenty-first provincial financial departments should do a good job in the information disclosure and credit rating of general bond issuance in accordance with the regulations. The information disclosed shall include the financial situation of the general public budget, the plan for issuing general bonds and the plan for arranging expenditure items, the debt repayment plan and the source of funds, and other information that should be disclosed in accordance with the provisions.
Article 22 The financial department at the provincial level shall, within 3 working days after the issuance of general bonds, report the issuance of general bonds to the Ministry of Finance for the record, and send a copy to the local Office of the Financial Ombudsman of the Ministry of Finance (hereinafter referred to as the Office of the Commissioner).
Twenty-third local financial departments at all levels should use general bond funds according to the budget adjustment plan and the budget subjects and purposes stipulated in the general bond issuance. If it is really necessary to adjust the purpose of expenditure, it shall be handled in accordance with the prescribed procedures.
Twenty-fourth provincial financial departments shall, in accordance with the contract, timely repay the maturity principal, interest and payment of issuance fees of general bonds of the whole province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government. The municipal and county financial departments shall, in accordance with the provisions of the lending agreement, timely pay the funds such as debt service and issuance expenses that should be borne by the local area or the corresponding level to the provincial financial department.
Article 25 If the municipal and county financial departments fail to pay the general bond debt service, issuance fees and other funds to the provincial financial departments in full and on time, the provincial financial departments can take appropriate measures to deduct them and disclose the default to the market.
Twenty-sixth at the end of the budget year, the local financial departments at all levels shall comprehensively and accurately reflect the general debt income, arranged expenditure, debt service and issuance expenses when preparing the draft final accounts of the general public budget.
Chapter V General Debt in Non-bond FormIncorporate into budget management
Twenty-seventh local financial departments at or above the county level shall incorporate non-bond general debt into the local general debt limit and implement budget management.
For non-bond general debts, the government, creditors and debtors shall, by way of contract, agree on the time limit for replacing them with general bonds within the time limit stipulated by the State Council and transfer their repayment obligations. After the repayment obligation is transferred to the local government, the local financial department shall register the general budget accounting account according to the relevant materials.
Twenty-eighth general debt in the form of non bonds, where the debtor is a local government and its departments, shall be replaced by general bonds within the time limit prescribed by the State Council; If the debtor is an enterprise, institution or individual, and the creditor agrees to replace it with ordinary bonds within the time limit stipulated by the State Council, the local government shall replace it; if the creditor does not agree to replace it with ordinary bonds within the time limit stipulated by the State Council, it will no longer be included in the local government debt, and the debtor will repay it by himself, and the corresponding general debt limit will be reduced by the Ministry of Finance according to procedures.
Chapter VI Supervision and Administration
Twenty-ninth local financial departments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with laws, regulations and the provisions of the Ministry of Finance, disclose the general debt limit, balance, term structure, use and repayment to the public and take the initiative to accept supervision.
Thirtieth local financial departments at or above the county level shall establish and improve relevant systems and strengthen the management and supervision of general debts in the region.
Article 31 The Commissioner’s Office shall strengthen the supervision of local general debts, urge local governments to regulate the borrowing, use and repayment of general debts, and report to the Ministry of Finance in a timely manner if violations of laws, regulations and financial management regulations are found.
Article 32 If the violation of these Measures is serious, the Ministry of Finance may suspend the qualification for issuing general bonds in relevant areas. In violation of laws and administrative regulations, the relevant personnel shall be investigated for responsibility according to law; Suspected of a crime, transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Thirty-third provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government may formulate detailed rules for implementation according to these measures.
Article 34 The Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.
Article 35 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of issuance.
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Zhang Xiaoli is designing clothes. The picture is provided by the interviewee
Xu Jinze is massaging his clients. The picture is provided by the interviewee
Life photos of Ganshanna. The picture is provided by the interviewee
Zhang Xiaoli’s team designed a dress for Ganshanna. The picture is provided by the interviewee
Hu Wenbing was awarded the honorary title of Hubei Model Worker. The picture is provided by the interviewee
"Try not to go out and drink water."
It takes Wang Juan 20 minutes to an hour to get dressed once.
As a paraplegic patient with cervical spinal cord injury, she has no consciousness below the clavicle, only her arms can move slightly. Dressing is the first topic every day among the many difficulties she has to face in life.
After years of exploration, Wang Juan has developed a suit of dressing procedures.
First of all, she needs someone to help her. This person is usually her mother. Every morning, Wang Juan lies flat on the bed, and her mother lifts her leg, first puts the foot cover into trouser legs, and then pulls the waistband up a little. Usually at the thigh, the pants can’t be pulled. Mother wants Wang Juan to lie on her side, lift her waist and thighs, and then continue to pull the pants until she can’t.
Then the other leg, repeat the same process until the pants are completely put on.
"It’s like a pancake that has been tossed from side to side." Wang Juan teased himself.
Put on her pants and she can be moved to a wheelchair to put on her coat. The upper body is out of control, so she can only lie in her mother’s arms and keep her back hanging with her mother’s support, so that the clothes piled up at the shoulder and neck can be pulled down.
There are few clothes in summer, and in winter, from thermal underwear to knee pads, you have to put them on your body layer by layer, so Wang Juan chooses to go out less.
I have to bend down to dress my daughter. Wang Juan’s mother suffers from lumbar muscle strain. Although she has raised the bed and put on an auxiliary belt, she still needs to rest several times during dressing. Looking at all this in bed, Wang Juan couldn’t help thinking, "What should I do if my mother can’t take care of me one day?"? I want to go back to the original appearance and stay in bed? "
There are more than 85 million disabled people in China. In recent years, their situation has attracted more and more public attention, and the construction of barrier-free facilities in public spaces has been improved. However, in private spaces, they still have many individual and specific needs, and dressing is one of them.
For Li Feiyu, 24, dressing is no longer a problem. When she was 7 years old, she was paralyzed by acute myelitis, and for the next 17 years, she was accompanied by a wheelchair. The mother did not take care of her daughter as a weak person, but asked her to take care of herself as much as possible within her ability.
Li Feiyu can’t remember the details of learning to dress as a child, leaving only the impression of "very hard and difficult". What she remembers deeply is a set of dressing movements that have been practiced. Li Feiyu feels that it is more difficult for many people who encounter disability difficulties in adulthood to learn to wear clothes than themselves.
Li Feiyu works as a volunteer tutor in a public welfare project called "Life Reconstruction", teaching people to wear undresses in wheelchairs. I can’t talk about any skills. Most of the time, the tutor can only do it by himself. By repeatedly undressing, the students can follow suit.
It is not difficult to learn the process and skills. After two or three days of classes, most students can master the basic skills. The hard part is that after that, they need to let their skills and limbs run in for a long time, and finally find the best dressing tips for them.
Li Feiyu remembers a former weightlifter. After the girl was paralyzed by spinal cord injury, she became strongly dependent on her parents and relatives and refused to take care of herself. When she first entered the training camp, she called the nurse for help in everything. Li Feiyu patiently guided her and taught her how to dress independently. Pants can’t be lifted up, and girls used to think that they were not strong enough. "But she is a weightlifter. It can’t be a matter of strength. She just didn’t find the trick." Li Feiyu recalled.
"This is a cognitive problem. Many disabled people think that I am sick, I can’t, and others have to help me. This concept is very dangerous. I hope disabled friends can have a more independent life." Wang Juan said.
"Independence" is limited after all. For example, when going to the toilet, the reporter learned in the interview that many wheelchair users with lower limbs paralysis will try not to drink water when going out, because going to the toilet is very troublesome. They need to lift their bodies from the wheelchair with their arms, and then one person will help them to take off their pants. Because their lower limbs can’t stand, they can’t sit on the toilet in a normal posture like ordinary people. Someone needs to set them up and ride backwards on the toilet with the barrier-free handrail.
In 2006, Wang Wenjuan, who taught in the Department of Fashion and Costume Design of Beijing University of Technology, went to Chaoyang District Disabled Persons’ Federation for investigation. A wheelchair user calmly showed her the whole process of going to the toilet, while the scholar cried.
She thought, there is a surplus of fashion for the able-bodied and the disabled have never owned their own clothes in the real sense. "We should see more of the needs of these minorities."
Real designers are not designers.
The concept of "barrier-free design" was born in the architectural field at the beginning of the 20th century. The original intention of this concept is to create a "convenient, safe, equal and participatory" space for the disabled by using modern architectural design skills.
At the beginning of this century, in China, few people tried to combine "barrier-free" with "clothing design". Therefore, when the design team of Beijing University of Technology began to do relevant research, everything seemed to "cross the river by feeling the stones".
Wang Wenjuan recalled that she and her team members sought support from the Disabled Persons’ Federation and set up a research meeting. However, most people with disabilities are inconvenient to go out, so they go to other activities organized by the Disabled Persons’ Federation to conduct on-the-spot research while the participants are resting. In order to better understand the immediate needs of the disabled, they will try to reconstruct the scene, such as tying their arms with ropes to simulate armless people, or wearing protective gear to experience the feelings of hemiplegic patients.
In such research, they found some real needs. For example, most armless people use their feet instead of their hands, so they need to consider adding more functional designs to their lower body clothes, "putting pockets on their legs"; The underarms of crutches bear pressure and friction for a long time, so it is necessary to consider increasing the wear resistance and breathability of the underarm fabric of their tops; Visually impaired people have higher requirements for shoes. When they walk, they usually need to "explore the road with their feet", and the wear rate of shoe tips is high.
Different types of disabled people have different needs for clothing. Even people with similar disabled parts, individual differences in concept, symptoms and body shape make their demands for clothing different. These demands are hidden and complicated, which put forward very high requirements for the preliminary research work of the design team of Beijing University of Technology.
"Wheelchair users" is the research focus of the design team of Beijing University of Technology. On the one hand, they have the most prominent clothing barriers, and on the other hand, people with physical disabilities are the largest in all disability categories, accounting for about 29%.
For "wheelchair people", clothing design should not only realize the basic functions such as "putting on and taking off conveniently", but also pay attention to the needs of many details. For example, pants should be high-waisted, because they usually need to wear diapers to go out, and high-waisted pants can cover the upper edge of diapers; The crotch design needs to be wider than ordinary people’s pants, because wheelchair users sit for a long time all the year round, and the waist and buttocks are easy to accumulate fat; Cuffs are easy to wear because they often push wheelchairs, and at the same time, complicated design should be avoided to prevent them from being involved in wheelchairs; For men, ordinary belts and front crotch zippers may cause sedentary discomfort.
"People with disabilities are eager for us to solve the problem. In fact, they didn’t have much idea about clothes before, thinking that clothes should be worn like this and they are used to it." Wang Wenjuan said.
Before understanding the concept of "barrier-free clothing", Zhang Xiaoli was such a patient. At the age of 11, she was forced to sit in a wheelchair because of the severe kyphosis deformity of 180 degrees, which compressed her nerves and caused paralysis of her lower limbs.
"I used to feel unconsciously that there were no clothes suitable for us. I couldn’t buy clothes and I couldn’t wear the confidence of ordinary people." Zhang Xiaoli recalled, "I have never worn a skirt beautifully, and it is my biggest dream to wear a dress properly."
Twelve years later, 23-year-old Zhang Xiaoli finished spinal orthopedic surgery and put on a skirt. She cried happily, which also prompted her to think further: "Why are there no clothes specially made for the disabled?"
In 2021, Zhang Xiaoli came across the enrollment brochure of Chengdu Textile College and came up with the idea of making clothes for the disabled. She applied for this school and began to study fashion design. With the support of her teachers, she established a design team of "barrier-free clothing".
She named this project "23-degree Clothing Setting" because in her hometown of Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, 23 degrees Celsius is the most comfortable temperature, and she also learned that the most comfortable temperature that human body can feel is 23 degrees Celsius.
"This is what I understand as barrier-free clothing. People with disabilities can find the most suitable and comfortable feeling by wearing such clothes." Zhang Xiaoli said.
In Wang Wenjuan’s view, the core of "barrier-free clothing" is its functionality, and "solving problems is the first purpose". For example, she and her team designed the "barrier-free and convenient pants" for wheelchair users, and designed the pants as a piece of cloth-style fully open style. Instead of lying on the bed as before, they can be spread on the wheelchair, sit directly on it, and then zip the open cloth edge. At the same time, in order to solve the toilet problem of wheelchair users, this team has made a crotch design that can be opened and closed directly from behind, reducing the steps of wearing and taking off.
Wang Wenjuan recalled that to design a barrier-free garment, it is necessary to know the actual needs of the disabled people through investigation and study, and make repeated measurements and communication during the design process to constantly confirm the specific situation of the wearer.
"It’s not a one-off event, but an iterative process." Wang Wenjuan said, "So the real designers of barrier-free clothing are not the designers themselves, but those with disabilities. We just help them complete the design according to their needs."
Put it on, not hide it.
Zhang Peng, a professor at the Department of Fashion Design of Beijing University of Technology, pointed out that it is important to consider the functionality when designing barrier-free clothing, and at the same time, it is also necessary to consider the wearer’s acceptance in psychology and emotional dimension, and it is necessary to pay attention to both function and aesthetics.
In the survey, the team found that when people with disabilities are asked about their demands on the appearance of clothes, their expression is often: "Please let me be like a normal person."
"Being normal" is Ganshanna’s dream.
Similar to Zhang Xiaoli, Ganshanna suffers from severe scoliosis. Looking from the back, her right waist is empty, while her left waist protrudes high, and the height difference between her shoulders is significant.
When she was a child, Ganshanna never dared to think about her "favorite clothes" because she could only wear "suitable clothes". When mother and grandmother buy clothes for her, the first principle has always been "how to better cover up the physical abnormality".
Ganshanna wears a lot of clothes that she doesn’t like, but she never asks, "because I think it’s good that I can have clothes to wear."
She drew her longing on paper. The clothes she likes but can’t wear are quietly hidden in the album by her. "It seems that they belong to me after painting." She remembers that there was a beautiful girl in the class who had beautiful and inexhaustible clothes. Ganshanna was a little jealous, but more envious. "I want to be friends with her, and I want to be close to my ideal type."
The reality is that Ganshanna’s fantasy is always broken by her classmates’ abuse of "monsters". She suppressed her desire for beautiful clothes. "I don’t think anything a little better suits me, so I can’t think about pursuing it anymore."
Wang Juan and Ganshanna have similar mental processes.
Recalling the days before the car accident at the age of 19, Wang Juan would talk about her fighting with friends, running, shopping and wearing high heels herself.
There used to be many pairs of high heels in Wang Juan, with different materials, colors and heel heights … … Fill the shoe cabinet. Later, she got into a wheelchair and threw away all her high heels.
She said that you don’t need many shoes in a wheelchair, because you don’t need to walk, and a pair of shoes can last for a long time. For her paralyzed lower limbs, a pair of shoes is far more important than "good-looking". Give her shoes, mother should squat down in front of her legs, try to loosen her knees, and then slowly put her feet into the shoes. There is always a toothbrush in the storage bag on the back of her wheelchair. When she can’t put on her shoes, her mother will use the toothbrush back to smooth the toes in the shoes.
Wang Juan always wears those pairs of shoes that are convenient to put on and take off, and more importantly, "I don’t want to see my old high heels again."
A few years before the accident, Wang Juan was lying in bed all day, counting the folds on the curtains, counting from left to right, and counting the concave surfaces before counting the convex surfaces. "That’s the only place my eyes can see except the ceiling.".
At that time, she no longer had any expectations for life and the future.
The turning point came in 2015. Teachers from the local Disabled Persons’ Federation Rehabilitation Center found Wang Juan and invited her to participate in a public welfare training camp for people with spinal cord injuries.
"I don’t know how to describe it in words, but this training camp has such magic. You have found a group life similar to yours. When you see others’ self-confidence and cheerfulness, you will feel that I can change my life and live well."
Wang Juan recalled that when he first entered the camp, many people didn’t wear shoes, or wore colorful thick-soled wool socks knitted by rural elders. She explained that these people are at home all the year round and have no need to go out, so they don’t need shoes; Or they want to continue the state at home, what it is like at home, and it is still the same outside.
There is a boy with a head of hair that obviously collapses on one side. Wang Juan thinks of herself. She also has the same hairstyle when she is in bed all the year round. She used to love to wear clothes, go shopping and buy fashion. After paralysis, she wore a flower sleeping jacket all day. "I don’t think there is any problem with this. It seems that everyone agrees that this is what I should wear."
When she arrived at the training camp, Wang Juan saw that some injured friends who were also in wheelchairs were dressed appropriately. After returning home, she asked her mother to take out one of her down jackets and didn’t want to go out in cotton pajamas. Mother’s first reaction was to refuse. She concluded that Wang Juan could not put on her old clothes, and most of them were given away or thrown away.
At Wang Juan’s insistence, her mother helped her put on the down jacket. It was just a very ordinary and plain black down jacket, but she never forgot it.
Wang Juan asked her mother why she felt that she couldn’t wear her old clothes. She remembered her mother mumbling, "I don’t know what to think, but I think you can’t wear your old clothes."
After the training camp, at a party with injured friends, Wang Juan bought the first hairband after the injury. "You ask me why I want to buy it? I don’t know. But I saw it when I was shopping. At that moment, I saw myself through the mirror. I thought I was beautiful. I think I want to have it, I should have it, and I deserve it. "
Ganshanna has also gained the sense of beauty and dignity brought by dress.
When she was a freshman in high school, she bravely tried on a lavender "Lolita" dress under the recommendation of a friend. For her who has always had a strong sense of inferiority, it is a great challenge to try such a gorgeous dress style. Unexpectedly, she won the admiration of her classmates.
This is the first time Ganshanna has gained confidence because of her appearance. After that, she tried different styles of dresses. With the support and encouragement of her friends, she gradually became indifferent to the negative comments.
"People who praise me will shout it out louder." She said, "I feel that I also have the right to pursue beauty."
When she was in college, Ganshanna heard of Zhang Xiaoli’s "23-degree dress-fixing" project in a fashion design competition, and "she felt stabbed in the heart at once". This is also the first time she has heard of "barrier-free clothing".
After getting to know the Zhang Xiaoli team, Ganshanna has a "customized skirt". The "A-shaped" version well covers her distorted waistline due to scoliosis, and the bow that unfolds obliquely at the back visually adjusts her high and low shoulders.
This dress also implies the blessing of Zhang Xiaoli team members to Ganshanna: "I hope she can change like a butterfly."
The design is trapped in the drawings.
When studying "barrier-free clothing" in 2006, the Department of Clothing and Clothing Design of Beijing University of Technology was still a "lonely pioneer". Nowadays, it has many "teammates", and many universities across the country have successively carried out research on "barrier-free clothing". However, until today, many design concepts are still trapped in drawings, and there are few real industrialized products.
Some international clothing brands have also entered the field of design and production of barrier-free clothing. Tommy Hilfiger, an American casual clothing brand, designed jeans that can cover artificial limbs for people with disabilities; Nike, a sports brand, has developed a series of "GO FlyEase" sports shoes for the disabled. Some barrier-free fashion brands have emerged, such as Rebrith Garment and Tenbo. According to the report of Coherent Market Insights, an international data analysis organization, the global barrier-free clothing market is expected to reach 400 billion US dollars in 2026.
Since 2017, several domestic enterprises have contacted the service team of Beijing University of Technology to discuss cooperation matters, including a well-known down jacket enterprise. Finally, after being evaluated by the marketing department, the brand gave up its investment and turned to overseas markets with more profitable space. There are also some venture capital companies that are more willing to speculate on concepts.
"We hope to serve social groups, but corporate investors are more concerned about benefits." Wang Wenjuan helpless way. She understands the concerns of enterprises, and the research and development of "barrier-free clothing" is difficult and the production cost is high. Choosing "barrier-free clothing" means rebuilding the team and production line. "All design teams and technical teams … … The materials may be different from before, and the risks faced by enterprises are great.
In addition, different from the garment design of healthy people, the individual status of disabled people is very different, and there is no "standard size" due to the lack of relevant measurement data, which makes it difficult to achieve assembly line mass production of garments and needs to be customized according to individual needs.
"The ideal state is to be able to solve individuality from commonness." Wang Wenjuan said. But it also means greater investment in research and development.
Wuhan textile University professor Yan Jun introduced that the overall size of foreign garment industry is small, with a long development time and a high degree of refinement. "They can have 11 sizes for a pair of trousers, and we may generally have only 4 sizes. Foreign garment enterprises are more accepting of the complexity of garment production."
China’s clothing industry has the origin of cooperation with foreign trade enterprises after the reform and opening up, and it has the gene of mass production itself. Mass production is the consensus of many clothing enterprises, which will also affect the willingness of enterprises to invest in "barrier-free clothing".
Compared with the high cost of original design, the cost of pirated clothing is low. According to Wang Wenjuan, in recent years, China has paid great attention to the protection of patent property rights, and the designers’ association has been studying the issue of clothing copyright, but clothing is too easy to be pirated. "You have worked hard, and if you put it into the market, it may be pirated immediately. You are helping them develop it at no cost."
Even if we can go to the last stage of production, sales will be a big problem. There are more than 85 million disabled people in China. On May 15th this year, the China Disabled Persons’ Federation held a theme conference on the Day of Helping the Disabled, indicating that by the end of 2022, 10.455 million disabled people would be included in the minimum living guarantee. Most people with disabilities have low economic level and poor consumption power. The price of "barrier-free clothing" of foreign brands is thousands of yuan, which is difficult for them to afford.
"The difficulties faced by barrier-free clothing are all aspects. It is a comprehensive and systematic problem. It is indeed valuable, but it is also difficult and needs to be promoted slowly." Wang Wenjuan concluded.
Clothing is a symbol.
Xu Jinze is a visually impaired person who has long been concerned about the protection of the rights and interests of disabled groups. In his view, the development dilemma of "barrier-free clothing" essentially reflects the general survival dilemma of disabled groups.
He cited his visually impaired group as an example. On the surface, most visually impaired people’s dressing styles are very simple, simple and conservative. On the one hand, it is because of visual impairment that they limit their imagination of dressing. The deeper reason, he thinks, is that the visually impaired group "has a single living and growing environment, which leads to their single demand for beauty and clothing."
He has been engaged in massage for the blind for a long time and is currently a partner of a chain massage brand. According to him, there are 17 million visually impaired people in China, and about 1.8 million people have formal jobs, and 90% of them are engaged in massage for the blind. On the other hand, most visually impaired people were educated in blind schools and grew up in a closed environment.
"The environment in which we grow up, live and work defines our future, and clothing is just a representation under this definition. When we discuss clothing, we should pay attention to the humanistic factors and social problems behind it. "
Compared with discussing "barrier-free clothing" from an industrial perspective, Xu Jinze believes that what this field needs more is actually a kind of "multi-integration" of society. The relationship between healthy people and disabled people should not be simply "seeing and being seen", but "accepting and being accepted". "We are all surrounded by a specific environment. It is not that you are unwilling to help us. It is that you can’t find our needs, and even we don’t know our own needs. We are separated."
Xu Jinze mentioned that in Japan, visually impaired students can also study in normal public schools, and there will be teachers in charge of special education who will come to the school and class where the student is located to help him coach Braille and have barrier-free communication with his classmates. If this process continues from primary school to higher education, the student will naturally blend in with the surrounding environment, and after graduation, he will have the opportunity to engage in more kinds of jobs, without having to call for "getting to know each other" after he becomes an adult.
Hu Wenbing, vice chairman of Wuhan Association for the Disabled, also stressed the importance of integrating the disabled into society.
Hu Wenbing used to be an executive of a central enterprise. At the age of 37, he was disabled by a car accident. After the injury, he promoted the establishment of a "life reconstruction" public welfare training camp, aiming at helping the disabled to adjust their mentality, learn skills and reintegrate into normal society.
Dressing teaching for wheelchair users is an important course of "Life Reconstruction" project, and Hu Wenbing is happy to see people’s concern about the dressing needs of disabled people.
"Now it is no longer a society where people with disabilities are confined to their homes, especially those who are disabled the day after tomorrow. Many people have good academic qualifications and jobs before, if they can put on and take off their clothes and ‘ Erbian ’ If the problems are handled well, then they will have more opportunities to make their own careers in society. "
In the training camp, Wang Juan saw many students regain their willingness to dress up in mutual support. Some people took off their knitted wool socks and put on fashionable snow boots, and began to pay attention to dressing decently and beautifully like healthy people.
Wang Juan remembers that once, she and her friends were asked in the street where the wheelchair was rented. "I mistakenly think that we are healthy people who are too lazy to walk. It didn’t happen before. When others look at it, I think it is a disabled person or a patient. "
Wang Juan also saw that a group of disabled people were rebuilding their lives with love and support. Clothing has become a symbol, expressing her and many disabled people’s demands and expectations to integrate into society. In her view, this expectation is nourished by the support and care of many parties in society, which is in line with the original intention of the birth of the "barrier-free concept".
Although the development of "barrier-free clothing" still has a long way to go, the research team of the Department of Fashion and Fashion Design of Beijing University of Technology is still willing to remain optimistic. They said that in recent years, they have received more and more attention from multimedia, universities, enterprises and non-profit organizations. This concern itself represents the development trend of social concepts. At least in the field of fashion design, they hope that "barrier-free clothing" can convey an idea to students and the public:
"Don’t be satisfied with your immediate needs, but pay more and more attention to others and society."
Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang Trainee Reporter Yan Sitong Source: China Youth Daily
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On May 5th, the 133rd China Import and Export Fair (Canton Fair) came to an end.
From intelligent manufacturing, new energy and intelligent networked cars to smart life and products for pregnant and baby, the innovative and leading nature of China manufacturing was widely praised by merchants all over the world at the Canton Fair. The resilience and vitality of China’s foreign trade have been fully demonstrated through repeated negotiations and orders.
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "we should continue to play the supporting role of exports in the economy" and "accelerate the construction of a trade power".
Foreign trade import and export is an important engine to stimulate economic growth. Through the Canton Fair, we can see that China enterprises are participating in the global market with a more proactive attitude, striving to stabilize exports to developed countries, expand exports to emerging economies, improve the level of processing trade, increase the added value of exports, and consolidate and expand the export advantages of new industries.
The demand for supply and mining is enthusiastic, and the market has strong stamina for recovery.
"The new customer has placed an order for 4 containers of goods!" On the first day of the Canton Fair, Luo Qifeng, the head of Ningbo Lemeijia Electric Technology Co., Ltd., said happily that two Moroccan customers signed the contract on the spot, with a value of more than 1 million yuan.
The effect exceeded expectations, making Luo Qifeng more confident to open up new markets. "We have also signed up for several regional exhibitions in Brazil, India and Germany, and the company will further integrate its product lines and develop new products."
Grasping orders and expanding the market, at this year’s Canton Fair, there were over 9,000 new exhibitors, about 35,000 offline exhibitors, and the on-site export turnover was US$ 21.69 billion. The majority of foreign trade entities actively participated in the exhibition and took the initiative, and the heat of foreign trade increased steadily.
"Judging from the number of exhibitors and participants, the Canton Fair is active, reflecting the strong demand of the majority of merchants for China’s export products." Huo Jianguo, vice president of the China World Trade Organization Research Association, said that in the process of product display, negotiation and signing, China’s export enterprises seized the opportunity and laid a good foundation for the steady growth of foreign trade throughout the year.
Looking at the whole country, since the beginning of this year, as China’s economic operation has stabilized and rebounded, production and demand have gradually improved, and foreign trade imports and exports have stabilized significantly — —
According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs, in the first quarter, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade was 9.89 trillion yuan, up 4.8% year-on-year, and exports were 5.65 trillion yuan, up 8.4% year-on-year, achieving a smooth start.
The growth rate of import and export rebounded month by month. Imports and exports in the first quarter increased by 2.6 percentage points compared with the fourth quarter of last year. In March, the export of heavy containers increased by 10.5% year-on-year, and the import volume increased by 20.3%.
The central and western regions have accelerated development. In the first quarter, the import and export of the central and western regions reached 1.84 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.6%, and the growth rate was 7.8 percentage points higher than that of the whole country; The import and export of the new land and sea passage in the west was 969.52 billion yuan, an increase of 10.1%. Chongqing, Guangxi and other places give full play to their geographical advantages, promote cross-border transportation facilitation, and continuously improve channel operation and logistics efficiency.
The number of foreign trade entities has increased and they are full of enthusiasm. In the first quarter, China’s foreign trade enterprises with import and export performance increased by 5.9% year-on-year, the number of business entities increased steadily, and the market vitality recovered.
"Compared with the first quarter of last year, there are 25,000 more enterprises engaged in import and export business. Among them, the import and export growth rate of private enterprises with a large number and strong flexibility is higher than the whole, and the proportion of scale in the total import and export value continues to remain above 50%, which has played a positive role in stabilizing the scale and optimizing the structure of foreign trade. " Lu Daliang, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs and director of the Statistical Analysis Department, said.
"In January this year, we achieved the first batch of products export, and 1,000 sets of customized wireless charging kitchen appliances entered the Spanish market, which was well received by consumers." At the Canton Fair, Luo Zhaochao, sales manager of Zhonghui Chuangzhi (Shenzhen) Wireless Power Supply Technology Co., Ltd., told reporters that "products have advantages, which makes us more confident to explore the international market."
In March this year, the export volume of Guangzhou Gao En Machinery Technology Co., Ltd. increased by over 70% year-on-year. "We lay out intelligent production lines in advance and strive to improve production efficiency and energy saving and consumption reduction." Huo Liyi, general manager of the company, said that aiming at high-quality and all-round efforts, Gao En Machinery’s commercial food processing equipment has been recognized by the market.
"New three kinds" are popular, and the foreign trade structure is more optimized.
Clothing, furniture and household appliances used to be the "old three" of China’s foreign trade exports. Nowadays, the "new three kinds" represented by electric manned cars, lithium batteries and solar cells are gradually becoming popular.
At the Canton Fair, from unmanned aerial vehicles to pure electric vehicles to new energy agricultural machinery, the newly added new energy and intelligent networked automobile exhibition area was particularly eye-catching.
Before the booth, Li Ming, vice president of Kaiwo New Energy Automobile Group and general manager of overseas business center, gave a warm reception to every buyer who visited. He introduced in detail: "In the first quarter of last year, our pure electric vehicles were exported to 300 units, and in the first quarter of this year, we exported more than 3,000 units."
Through negotiation, Liming found that in addition to the traditional European market, Russia, the Middle East and South Asia also showed strong interest in new energy vehicles. At the fair, Kaiwo Group signed a large purchase order with Pakistani automobile dealers, and exported 200 new energy vehicles with a total turnover of 7 million US dollars.
"Judging from the current orders and negotiation progress, we are confident that the export of new energy vehicles will exceed 10,000 this year, double that of last year." Continue to expand new markets and brand awareness, and Dawn has a well-thought-out plan.
In recent years, the global attention to new energy and green low-carbon fields has gradually increased, and the strong demand in the international market has driven the export growth of green low-carbon products in China.
According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs, in the first quarter, China’s "new three samples" exported a total of 264.69 billion yuan, up 66.9% year-on-year, accounting for 1.7 percentage points of exports, reaching 4.7%, boosting the overall growth rate of exports by 2 percentage points, and promoting the continuous optimization of China’s foreign trade structure.
Gao Shiwang, spokesman of the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Mechanical and Electrical Products, believes that the high growth rate of "new three kinds" exports is not only related to the market opportunities brought by industrial changes, but also benefited from China’s complete industrial chain and supply capacity, as well as the promotion of forward-looking and phased progressive policies. "At present ‘ Three new samples ’ The market penetration rate is still relatively low and the market demand is far from saturated. " Gao Shiwang predicts that the export of "new three kinds" will still maintain a high growth rate in the future.
Seize new opportunities and accelerate the cultivation of new advantages in foreign trade
At present, the external environment is still complicated and severe, and global trade is under pressure. How to further promote the stable scale and excellent structure of foreign trade? At the Canton Fair, we saw that the majority of foreign trade subjects faced difficulties, actively explored new markets, developed new models, and actively cultivated new advantages in international competition in a multi-pronged manner.
Anchoring the new market demand along the "Belt and Road", Jiangsu Sumeida Electromechanical Co., Ltd. has accelerated its research and development and innovation in terms of light weight, quietness, fuel economy and intelligence. "Compared with similar products, we can save 10% to 15% of oil, effectively reducing the living expenses of users, which is also a lot ‘ Belt and Road ’ Important product appeals in markets along the route. " Wang Tao, deputy general manager of Sumida Electromechanical Africa Division, said.
Taking the pulse of the market into account, Sumida’s main product, gasoline generator set, has been in the forefront of the African market for a long time and has been widely recognized by local consumers.
Constantly expanding the circle of trade friends, the trade in emerging markets has increased considerably. In the first quarter, China’s import and export to emerging markets such as ASEAN, Latin America and Africa increased by 16.1%, 11.7% and 14.1% respectively. The total proportion of scale increased by 2.4 percentage points to 28.4%.
In order to help enterprises stabilize their orders and expand the market, a few days ago, the State Council held an executive meeting to study policies and measures to promote the stable scale and optimal structure of foreign trade. It was required to constantly enrich, adjust and improve relevant policies in light of practical problems in different fields, implement a good combination of policies to stabilize foreign trade, encourage local governments to introduce supporting policies according to local conditions, and enhance policy synergy.
Promote foreign trade, promote stability and improve quality, and the Ministry of Commerce has formulated a construction plan for the digital pilot area of global trade in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to empower foreign trade with digitalization; The Customs evaluated, optimized and upgraded the 23 support measures introduced last year. All localities are also taking active actions: Shanghai focuses on key enterprises and products, and increases support in customs clearance, finance and tax refund; Fujian supports enterprises to stabilize orders and expand the market through overseas exhibitions and online exhibitions … …
Walking in the Canton Fair, the exhibitors and buyers who are in a hurry, and the steaming fair and signing meeting have fully released the strong warmth of China’s economic recovery.
Looking forward to the future, China’s economy has strong resilience, great potential and full vitality, and its long-term positive fundamentals remain unchanged, which supports the goal of promoting stability and improving quality in foreign trade. With the continuous overall improvement of China’s economic operation, the positive momentum of foreign trade will be further consolidated and continued.
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Source | Cybertron Author | Xiao Wan
The varieties of 42 enterprises passed the consistency evaluation, among which Huahai Pharmaceutical, Unacon and Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical were the top three, followed by Hengrui Pharma, Jingxin Pharmaceutical, Haosen Pharmaceutical and Zhengda Tianqing.
42 pharmaceutical companies have reviewed varieties.
Now in mid-November, the overall progress of consistency evaluation has become the most concerned topic for all pharmaceutical companies. A few days ago, according to the incomplete statistics of CyberBlue, a total of 107 product specifications passed the consistency evaluation, among which 42 enterprises passed the consistency evaluation (the number of branches passed was included in the head office).
In statistics, one product specification of 18 pharmaceutical companies passed the consistency evaluation; Two of the 10 pharmaceutical companies have passed the consistency evaluation; Three varieties of seven pharmaceutical companies have been evaluated; Four varieties of three pharmaceutical companies have been reviewed; Four pharmaceutical companies have more than five product specifications.
(Source: Cyberblue)
Among them, Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. passed the consistency evaluation, while Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Unacon Co., Ltd. passed the consistency evaluation, and Hengrui Pharma Co., Ltd. passed the consistency evaluation. Zhejiang Jingxin Pharmaceutical, Haosen Pharmaceutical and Zhengda Tianqing all passed the consistency evaluation.
The consistency evaluation of Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical, Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical and Unacon has made rapid progress.
(Source: Cyberblue)
Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Consistency Evaluation of Overtaking in Curves
According to the annual report of Huahai Pharmaceutical, Huahai Pharmaceutical has invested more in the over-evaluation research and development of irbesartan tablets, fosinopril tablets, lisinopril tablets and losartan potassium tablets.
The annual report shows that in 2017, the company’s R&D expenditure was 438.2377 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.38%, accounting for 8.76% of the operating income of that year. The main reason is that the company has continuously increased the declaration and conformity evaluation of domestic new products, increased the R&D investment in biopharmaceuticals, new drugs, first imitation drugs, innovative pharmaceutical preparations, and accelerated the declaration of new products and models in markets such as the United States and the European Union.
Compared with other enterprises with more varieties, Huahai Pharmaceutical is characterized by adopting the form of "overtaking in corners"
—— Its overseas drugs with quality regulations enter the domestic market through supplementary application for domestic listed varieties and direct application for four kinds of new drugs overseas, and only need to BE declared with overseas listed test data, which will greatly reduce the cost and time of declaration compared with similar products enterprises that need to do BE experiments in China.
For example, its valsartan tablet is the first oral preparation of Huahai Pharmaceutical, which has been listed in Europe and America, and it is deemed to have passed the consistency evaluation if it is declared with overseas data.
Cebolan made statistics on the disclosure announcement of Huahai Pharmaceutical. Except for its product "Voriconazole Tablets", its R&D cost is an important basis for the company’s sales pricing in the US market. The important cost data is corporate trade secrets, and the R&D investment data has not been disclosed.
The total R&D investment of the remaining 9 evaluated varieties of Huahai Pharmaceutical is 44.08 million.
Among them, valsartan tablets have the largest R&D investment of 16.6 million, followed by donepezil hydrochloride tablets with 9.25 million R&D investment.
(Source: Cyberblue)
Unacon: Both are the first enterprises that have been appraised.
According to the statistics of Cybertron, Unacon has passed 7 product specifications and 5 varieties.
Unacon’s semi-annual report shows that the company has been actively promoting consistency evaluation. At the same time, make full use of the opportunity brought by consistency evaluation, strive for greater market share for products, and establish strategic cooperation with core distributors to expand and sink the terminal market to primary medical institutions.
Unacon didn’t disclose its R&D expenses, but according to the statistics of Cybertron, all the evaluated varieties in Unacon were "enterprises that passed the conformity evaluation for the first time".
Metformin hydrochloride: According to the data, metformin, as the most widely used oral hypoglycemic agent in clinic, has been crowned as the "magic medicine". Therefore, according to the statistics of Medical Rubik’s Cube, as a 289 variety, there are as many as 130 drug approval numbers for metformin, including 116 metformin hydrochloride tablets, 8 metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated tablets, 4 metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated capsules and 2 metformin hydrochloride capsules. The consistency evaluation of metformin is bound to be a "drama".
Among them, Unacon submitted its domestic listing application on the condition of "listing in the United States". On July 24th, Unacon’s metformin hydrochloride tablets obtained the registration approval of CFDA, and were officially approved for listing, taking the lead in evaluating the consistency of metformin.
Paclitaxel for injection (albumin-bound): In July, Paclitaxel for injection (albumin-bound) produced in Unacon (trade name Ke Aili) has been included in the Catalogue of Listed Drugs in China. Ke Aili has completed the clinical BE test before applying for new drug registration, and it is deemed to have passed the consistency evaluation, so it can be used instead of the original research product. In this declaration, Unacon surpassed Hengrui, who is known as the "First Brother in R&D", and won the first imitation.
Captopril Tablets: On July 3rd, Captopril Tablets (25mg) produced by Unacon Ouyi Pharmaceutical Company passed the evaluation of the consistency of generic drug quality and efficacy. Unacon Ouyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. became the first enterprise to pass the consistency evaluation of Captopril tablets.
Tramadol Hydrochloride Tablets: On May 21st, Unacon announced that the group’s "Chimet" (tramadol Hydrochloride Tablets (50mg)) has been approved by china food and drug administration to pass the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy, becoming the first enterprise in China to pass the consistency evaluation of this variety. It is reported that tramadol Hydrochloride Tablets are one of the key products of the group’s analgesic drugs.
Azithromycin tablets: On April 12th, Unacon announced that the group "Weihong" (azithromycin tablets (0.25g and 0.5g)) had passed the consistency evaluation of generic drugs, becoming the first enterprise in China to pass the consistency evaluation. It is reported that azithromycin tablets are one of the key products of the group’s anti-infective drugs.
Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical: Sustained efforts in mid-2018
Up to now, according to the statistics of Cybertron, seven specifications and five varieties of Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical have passed the consistency evaluation, among which five varieties of amlodipine besylate tablets, montmorillonite powder, glimepiride tablets, enalapril maleate tablets and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection have been evaluated.
In the carding process, Ceibaran found that all the remaining varieties passed the consistency evaluation from June to September 2018 except Enalapril Maleate Tablets which were reviewed in September 2017, and Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical continued to exert its strength and continuously reviewed in mid-2018.
(Source: Cyberblue)
From this, it can be seen that the style of Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is to accumulate wealth and make thin hair. At a certain stage, it will exert its strength and continuously evaluate many varieties. When the 289 deadline is coming, Yangzijiang may be accumulating strength and making a big move, which is worth looking forward to.
To sum up, 42 enterprises have varieties that have passed the consistency evaluation, among which Huahai Pharmaceutical, Unacon Pharmaceutical and Yangzijiang Pharmaceutical are the top three, followed by Hengrui Pharma Pharmaceutical, Jingxin Pharmaceutical, Haosen Pharmaceutical and Zhengda Tianqing, and the deadline of 289 is coming soon. All pharmaceutical companies should pay close attention to it.
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Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 1st Title: Strive to make agriculture greener, countryside more beautiful and farmers richer —— Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu answered a reporter’s question on "Opinions on Innovating System and Mechanism to Promote Agricultural Green Development"
Xinhua News Agency reporter Dong Jun
Recently, General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued Opinions on Innovating System and Mechanism to Promote Green Development of Agriculture. Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu said in response to a reporter’s relevant question that this is the first document on agricultural green development issued by the CPC Central Committee, and it is also a programmatic document guiding the current and future agricultural green development.
Promote the formation of a coordinated development pattern of production and life ecology
Q: Why do you want to issue opinions on the theme of agricultural green development?
A:Promoting the green development of agriculture is an important topic in the agenda of deepening the reform of the central government in 2017. The issuance of opinions fully shows that the CPC Central Committee attaches great importance to the green development of agriculture, which is of great and far-reaching significance for unifying ideological understanding, doing a good job in top-level design, intensifying work, and solidly promoting the structural reform of the agricultural supply side and the green development of agriculture.
The green development of agriculture is related to national food security, resource security and ecological security, the construction of beautiful China, the well-being of contemporary people and the sustainable development of future generations. The opinions require us to stand at the strategic height of promoting the overall layout of the "Five in One" as a whole, fully understand the relationship between agricultural green development and ecological civilization construction, proceed from the reality of agricultural development, accelerate the innovation of institutional mechanisms, and promote the formation of a pattern of coordinated development of production, life and ecology.
The promulgation of the opinions shows that promoting the green development of agriculture is the clear requirement of the central government, the ardent expectation of the society, and the inherent need of agriculture itself. The economic and social conditions have been met and it has reached a new stage that must be accelerated. The opinions clarified the general requirements, basic principles, objectives, tasks and safeguard measures to promote the green development of agriculture, and made a series of institutional arrangements with equal emphasis on constraints and incentives at the institutional mechanism level, which will play a very important role in promoting the sustainable development of agriculture and accelerating agricultural modernization.
Fully describe the "road map" of agricultural green development
Q: What is the highlight of the opinion?
A:The opinions not only made the overall arrangement and system deployment, but also introduced a series of practical and effective policies and measures with high gold content, and described the "road map" and "timetable" for promoting the green development of agriculture.
For the first time, the overall goal of agricultural green development is comprehensively put forward-the number of cultivated land will not decrease, the quality of cultivated land will not decrease, groundwater will not be over-exploited, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will increase zero, and agricultural wastes such as straw, livestock manure and agricultural film will be fully utilized. At the same time, from the aspects of resource utilization, production environment, ecosystem and green supply, the overall goal is refined into specific goals by 2020 and long-term goals by 2030.
For the first time, four tasks of agricultural green development are clearly put forward: implementing the system of agricultural functional zones in terms of agricultural main functions and spatial layout, establishing the systems of agricultural productivity layout, agricultural resources and environmental protection and utilization control, agricultural green recycling and low-carbon production, and agricultural green development mechanism in poor areas; In terms of resource protection and economical utilization, we should establish the system of farmland rotation and fallow, save efficient agricultural water, and improve the system of agricultural biological resources protection and utilization; In terms of environmental protection and governance of producing areas, establish a prevention and control mechanism for the transfer of industrial urban pollution to agriculture, improve the system of reducing the use of agricultural inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve the system of resource utilization such as straw and livestock manure, and establish a recycling system for waste plastic films and packaging wastes; In restoring agricultural ecosystems, we will promote grassland ecological protection and restoration, and strengthen aquatic ecological protection and restoration, forestry and wetland conservation.
For the first time, this paper systematically puts forward the institutional arrangements to promote the green development of agriculture-establishing the prevention and control mechanism of industrial and urban pollution transfer to agriculture, establishing the green agricultural standard system, improving the agricultural ecological subsidy system, and improving the system of reducing the use of agricultural inputs.
For the first time, vigorously advocate the national action to carry out the green development of agriculture-in the production field, promote green production methods such as green production of inputs, resource utilization of wastes, and green circulation of processing and circulation; In the field of consumption, we will continue to carry out the "CD Action" to promote the formation of green lifestyles such as strict economy and low-carbon cycle.
Realize the coordination and unity of ensuring supply, income and ecology.
Q: Will the emphasis on green development affect the output of agricultural products? What major relationships need to be handled?
A:The opinion emphasizes that it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between agricultural green development and ecological environment protection, food security and farmers’ income increase, and realize the coordination and unity of ensuring supply, income and ecology.
In dealing with the relationship between agricultural production and ecological environmental protection, we should avoid opposing agricultural production and ecological environmental protection. In recent years, some places have simply adopted the practice of reducing planting and closing farming, which has lost the original intention of development. To this end, the opinion puts forward that green orientation should run through the whole process of agricultural development, implement green production methods, and realize the coordinated development of production and ecology.
In dealing with the relationship with food security, we must insist that food security is the bottom line of agricultural green development. To reduce the utilization intensity of cultivated land resources and control the outstanding problems of agricultural environment, we should make overall consideration to consolidate and improve grain production capacity. The opinion puts forward that it is necessary to implement the strategy of "storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology", adhere to the bottom line of national food security, and realize the coordination and unity of ensuring supply and protecting ecology.
In dealing with the relationship with increasing farmers’ income, we should put increasing the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products in a prominent position. The opinion puts forward that to promote the green development of agriculture, it is necessary to take increasing farmers’ income as the basic task, build a green development industrial chain value chain, accelerate the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, improve quality, efficiency and competitiveness, turn green into efficiency, increase farmers’ income, and help overcome poverty.
The Ministry of Agriculture will work with relevant departments to study and formulate implementation plans, establish a coordinated promotion mechanism, and ensure that all policies and measures are implemented. At the same time, promote the establishment of national agricultural sustainable development experimental demonstration zones, and identify 40 national agricultural sustainable development experimental demonstration zones in the first batch this year, innovate mechanisms, create experiences, and promote the green development of local agriculture.