标签归档 武汉生活

The second half of the big model welcomes the CAMBRIAN Agent explosion.

540 million to 360 million years ago, marine life broke, and higher-level intelligence such as trilobites, sponges and chordates was born compared with previous single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Similar to the CAMBRIAN explosion of life, experimental products such as BabyGPT, AutoGPT and Generative Agents have come out one after another.

From the perspective of evolution, the development of life is mainly realized by unit enhancement and organization enhancement. These two ways of enhancement complement each other, making life have more diverse and complex expressions.

Just like agent-we hope it is an agent that can think independently and interact with the environment in any system.

Now that it has a "brain" with enough IQ, how to make Agent think and execute like a human being-as long as any goal is given, it can automatically solve various problems. It is a "self" unit to further improve IQ and enhance agents; Or strengthen the "organizational" ability with the help of external modules?

Although today’s Agent can’t complete the general task, it is also difficult to form a dynamic stable body like the socialized division of labor among multiple cells. However, the local modules of individual Agents, such as HuggingGPT, have demonstrated their ability to use tools, including the fact that Plug-in has become an important milestone in the actual landing. In the second half of the large model, it will be the moment when the agent landed in Cambrian.

Where is the landing bottleneck of Agent at this moment? Can it reach GM from dedicated? What will multimodal bring to Agent? How will the future pattern evolve?

Just like the first cell born on the earth, even though the current Agent can’t replace our role in practical work, everything comes from this first cell, which is the starting point of agent evolution.

Even if you are confused about the landing of Agent, you should continue to "emerge".

Because the success or failure of Agent will be the key to decide whether this GPT revolution is a new generation of industrial revolution.

The following will think in a structured way, and where will Agent go?

1. What exactly is AI Agent?

A few days ago, the AI Town with 25 agents was officially open source, and the "westworld" AI Town was built with it. The interaction between AI Agents will deduce the evolution process of the whole civilization.

Andrej Karpathy, co-founder of OpenAI, also shouted: "AI Agent represents a crazy future."

What is an Agent? The word Agent originated from the Latin word Agere, which means "to do".In the context of LLM, Agent can be understood as an agent that can independently understand, plan and make decisions and perform complex tasks.

Agent is not an upgraded version of ChatGPT. It not only tells you how to do it, but also helps you to do it. If CoPilot is the co-pilot, then the Agent is the main driver.

A simplified Agent decision-making process, using function expression:

Agent: p (perception)-—> P (planning)-> a (action)

Similar to the process of human "doing things", the core function of Agent can be summarized as a cycle of three steps:perception（Perception）, planning（Planning）And action（Action）.

perception（Perception）Refers to the ability of Agent to collect information from the environment and extract relevant knowledge from it, planning（Planning）Refers to the decision-making process and action made by Agent for a certain goal.（Action）Refers to actions based on environment and planning.

Among them, Policy is the core decision of Agent to make Action, and action is observed.（Observation）It becomes the premise and foundation of further Perception and forms an independent closed-loop learning process.

This process is like Marxism’s "theory of practice": "Understanding begins with practice, through which theoretical understanding is obtained, and then returns to practice." Agent also evolved in the integration of knowledge and practice.

A more complete Agent must fully interact with the environment, which includes two parts-one is the Agent part, and the other is the environment part.At this moment, Agent is like "human" in the physical world, and the physical world is the "external environment" of human beings.

As you can imagine, the process of human interaction with the external environment: based on our full perception of the world, we deduce its hidden state, and combine our own memory and knowledge understanding of the world to make Planning, decision-making and action; And actions will react to the environment, giving us new feedback, and human beings will combine the observation of feedback and then make decisions, so as to go back and forth.

The most intuitive formula:

Agent = LLM+Planning+Feedback+Tool use

Among them, in the process of Planning, in addition to the current state, there are also memories, experiences, some reflections and summaries of the past, as well as world knowledge.

Compared with today’s ChatGPT, it is actually not an Agent, but a universal world knowledge, that is, a knowledge source for Planning. It is not based on specific environmental conditions, nor is it based on Memory, Experience and Reflection.

Of course, ChatGPT can do logical reasoning and certain planning based on its own knowledge, and it can also add vector database to solve reasoning problems, and add Reflection to enrich the process. In this way, ChatGPT, an end-to-end black box, can be made more explicit-in fact, symbols are a very explicit system, and based on this, it can be directionally corrected and promoted.

For Feedback, Agent gets positive or trial-and-error feedback, phased results or rewards based on Action. There are many forms of Feedback. If ChatGPT chatting with us is regarded as an Agent, the reply we typed in the text box is a kind of Feedback, just a kind of Feedback in text form. At this time, we are an environment for ChatGPT. RLHF is also an environment, an extremely simple environment.

"Man is human because he can use tools."

As an Agent, agent can also extend its functions with the help of external tools, so that it can handle more complex tasks. For example, LLM uses weather API to obtain weather forecast information. If you don’t call external tools, Action and Feedback can also deal with the environment directly by learning Policy.

It can be seen that Agent is the key to truly release LLM’s potential actively. As the core of LLM, Agent provides subjective initiative for LLM.

How to land the LLM today? LLM is an IQ engine, and other peripheral tools can be used as Prompt. Will LLM be an end-to-end system in the future? If there are not enough tools around, will there be a more general adaptation framework?

Second, the bottleneck of Agent landing is because "IQ" is not enough?

Agent itself uses two parts of abilities, one is LLM as its "intelligence quotient" or "brain" part, the other is based on LLM, and it needs a controller outside to complete various Prompt, such as enhancing Memory through retrieval, getting Feedback from the environment, and how to do Reflection.

Agent needs both brain and external support.

Is LLM’s own "intelligence quotient" not enough or its external systematization not enough?

If the degree of external systematization is not enough, it will be a long-awaited problem. If it’s just a problem of insufficient IQ, when GPT-4 becomes GPT-5 and has a higher IQ, it can make up for the previous problems.

So what is the main bottleneck of Agent?

To truly understand the crux of this problem, we can make wrong attribution first.That is to say, in the actual mistakes, it is clearly attributed to LLM itself or Prompt in the wrong way.

For example, ask the voice assistant "What’s the weather like?" The question itself is ambiguous-where is the weather? What day’s the weather? What information do you want to know about the weather? None of these problems can be solved by LLM itself, and it needs to call an external tool system.

If it is only attributed to "IQ", LLM only needs to understand "what’s the weather like". If there is a specific context, such as "what’s the weather like in Shanghai next month", whether LLM can infer accurate information based on this is a question of "IQ"; But what tools to call and whether the parameters to execute are accurate are not attributed to "IQ".

3. Can a more general external framework of Agent be realized in the future?

Many people regard LLM as the implementation of Agent, which is too simple and rude. For example, after setting a goal for Agent and defining some basic constraints, we expect it to complete the whole process of self-planning, task decomposition, self-prompting, and even calling external tools and giving answers. However, LLM itself is not trained in this way, and it certainly does not have this ability, but this is not due to the "IQ" problem.

From the perspective of Agent landing, external logical framework is still needed.

Although there are many kinds of Agent at present, most of them are superficial and not universal enough. Even the simplest Agent application, voice assistant or intelligent outgoing call system, its complexity and how to introduce environmental Feedback have not been effectively solved.

Therefore, in addition to a more detailed analysis of the errors, one question we should study is: Besides LLM itself being universal enough, will a universal external logic framework be realized to solve the problem of Agent’s real landing?

If we can’t find a common external logical framework, then the so-called AGI revolution may be just a bubble, a huge bubble, which may not be essentially different from the previous generation NLP.

At present, the landing of Agent is not only a question of "intelligence quotient", but also a question of how to get from special to general by external tools-and this is a more important question.

4. How can Agent have a universal adaptive environment? Do you need a learnable environment model?

What will happen if LLM is put into a virtual world?

In the game My World, NVIDIA developed the latest method, Voyager, to light up the technology tree at a speed of 15.3 times, and at the same time, he obtained 3.3 times of unique items and 2.3 times of exploration scope. The reason is attributed to GPT-4′ s in-depth understanding of the rules of the game and rich knowledge reserve, which comes from the pre-training process rather than the subsequent reinforcement learning.

From this perspective, in the process of optimizing Agent, we should not only pay attention to Feedback, but also consider how the model perceives the environment. So what is the relationship between the general brain and the environmental model, and how to cooperate? How does Agent arrive at General from Private?

At present, there are few good and universal landing effects of Agent, and most of them solve specific problems in specific scenes-LLM is used as a general brain and designed into different roles through Prompt to complete special tasks, rather than universal applications.

One of the key problems, namely, Feedback, will become a major constraint factor in the implementation of Agent, which is particularly evident in Tool use. For some simple problems such as weather query, it is only necessary to design an appropriate Prompt, but for complex Tools applications, its success probability will be greatly reduced.

It is impossible to make an Agent with LLM simply and rudely.

On the one hand, this approach ignores the importance of Feedback, on the other hand, even if LLM gets Feedback, it may not fully understand all the environments or Feedback by virtue of its "IQ", and it is even more difficult to adjust its behavior based on this.

In order to successfully land the Agent, it is necessary to give the Agent a more general adaptive environment. One possible solution is to create a small model dedicated to understanding and adapting the environment, so as to interact with LLM.

Because of super brain’s "IQ" part-LLM(such as GPT-4)Because the scale is too large, it is difficult to retrain specific Agent, and the small model can adapt to environmental changes and train many times. In this scene, we can regard LLM as the brain, and the small model is like the cerebellum, which acts as the middle layer to deal with the environment Feedback and interact with GPT-4.

So, what will be the implementation path of Agent from private to general?

Assuming that Agent will eventually land in 100 different environments, can a framework model be abstracted to solve all external universality problems under the premise that even the simplest external application is difficult to realize at present?

It may be one of the ways to realize the universal Agent by making the Agent in a certain scene to the extreme-stable and robust enough, and then gradually turning it into a universal framework.

5. How important is multimodal in the development of Agent?

Now GPT-4 is to convert all the contents into text language, and then human beings will Prompt it. First of all, the transformation process may lose information or produce errors, which may lead to the deviation of the results.

The next version of GPT, if it can realize the super ability of multimodal understanding, will it alleviate the unreliability and information loss and deviation of today’s Agent to some extent? What will be the relationship between multimodal and Agent?

If LLM does not need to interact in the real world, but only performs a specific task in the virtual world, then multimodal may not be very helpful for completing the task. But if LLM needs to interact with the real world, then multimodal is undoubtedly very important.

Multimodal can only solve the problem of Agent’s perception, but not the problem of cognition.

In many cases, such as intelligent customer service scenarios, users may provide information in a variety of ways. Multimodal has good perceptual value, but it is still far from solving some core problems such as logic and reasoning.

Multimodal is an inevitable trend, the future big model must be a multimodal big model, and the future Agent must also be an Agent in a multimodal world.

When developing text-based agents, when the multi-modal watershed moment comes, do these agents continue to develop on the basis of the original text and further integrate multi-modal characteristics? Or do you need to completely change the original concept and architecture of developing Agent to adapt to the future multimodal world?

The development of Agent does not need to be completely reinvented, but once Agent has multi-modal ability, it will be completely different from the existing model. For example, the next generation version of GPT may contain some more powerful multimodal understanding functions such as images. We don’t have to rush to build such a model immediately, but we can also choose to call such a module first, that is, it is best to build the multimodal understanding function into the model.

After half a year, we will see the arrival of multi-modal large models. The arrival of multimodal Agent may be faster than we thought.

First of all, many large companies are developing multimodal in general by stockpiling arms. The accumulation of this quantitative change is very likely to lead to qualitative change, and actual products may be launched soon. Secondly, the Agent people expect is an assistant like human beings. He can not only talk, but also see, hear and feel. Theoretically, an excellent Agent should be able to realize multi-sensory and multi-modal interaction, and both Perception and Policy need multi-modal.

With the release of RT-2, a new visual language action model, VLA, has realized the ChatGPT of the entity robot by stuffing the multi-modal large model into the manipulator. ?

From the trend point of view, the future Agent must be multimodal. Multi-modality must be necessary for Agent to succeed.

In the aspect of multimodal interaction, Digital Man also provides a good example, which shows the advantages of calling external tools. When the big model calls digital people, because the images have been set in advance, we don’t have to worry that it will suddenly generate the image or voice of a political figure, even his illusion.

Although it is euphemistically called "generative AI", it is better to call external tools in its "generative" part to ensure its certainty and avoid the illusion of the big model.

For example, in multimodal interaction, if you want LLM to play Trump and directly generate a congratulatory video, it is likely to be risky. It is safer and more controllable if LLM only generates scripts and then calls the established digital human and sound interface to synthesize video.

6. Will multi-agent really succeed?

Now the Agent is still a caveman, but the interaction of more AI Agents will change everything.

In the Generative Agents experiment inspired by the simulated life game, each role is controlled by an AI Agent, and they live and interact in a sandbox environment, which fully embodies the process of turning feedback and environmental information into action and realizing the "socialization" of AI Agents.

In the process of planning and response, AI Agents will fully consider the relationship between each other and the observation and feedback of one Agent to another Agent to take the next step.

This interesting simulation has led to some dramatic social phenomena, such as the spread of "rumors" and relational memory. In the experiment, two AI Agents often continue their previous topics, hold Party, call friends and other social activities.

Obviously, the real landing of Agent must be based on the perception of environment, dynamic learning and continuous updating.

7. In what scene did Agent first land?

As early as February this year, some online education companies began to be active in the discussion of big models. "Our industry, if we don’t act again, will be the first to be subverted." When most companies haven’t felt the impact of the big model, people from a head online education company first make predictions and worries.

And which industries will be subverted by Agent first, and which industries will not be so fast?

The ability of large model is well known, but "IQ" is only a part of the landing of Agent. Even if OpenAI claims that AGI has come, it is difficult to make practical applications if you know nothing about the industry.

Just like a doctor at Stanford, if you don’t understand the industry and product attributes of a company, then the initial work will be very difficult. Therefore, we need to discuss more deeply which industries are more suitable for Agent landing.

For example, the online education industry that can be completely online and digital, especially during the past three years, many offline industries have been hit, while the online industry has developed rapidly because of the advantages of digitalization, and it will be subverted by Agent first. In contrast, robots or traditional industries are more difficult to be subverted in a short time.

At present, whether in China or the United States, a new consensus is gradually forming: firstly, Agent needs to call external tools, and secondly, the way to call tools is to output codes-LLM brain outputs an executable code, such as a semantic analyzer, which understands the meaning of each sentence, then converts it into a machine instruction, and then calls external tools to execute or generate answers.

Although the present form of Function Call needs to be improved, this way of calling tools is very necessary and the most thorough means to solve the illusion problem.

8. Will the future development pattern of Agent be a hundred flowers blossom or Winners take all?

In the future, the competition pattern of big models is becoming increasingly clear, and it is inevitable that several companies will dominate or be based on open source.

And in the next year or two, what will be the market structure of Agent, and will it form the same situation?

Because Agent can’t be universal, Agent is not a monopoly, but will form a very long tail supplier pattern. There will be many Agent in the market, each of which is operated by a different company.

Like the previous generation NLP, many AI companies provide intelligent customer service or automatic outbound service, but each company can only serve a few customers and cannot form scale effect. Based on the technical judgment of Agent today, it is not much different from the previous generation.

Although the semantic understanding of LLM is universal, the combination of Agent environment and domain we discussed before is not universal, which will lead to a very scattered market, and no stronger company will appear.

Of course, Agent is also divided into depth.(major)And shallowness(universal)Two types.

We want to be a general Agent. In the market environment of China, if an Agent is deeply integrated with the enterprise, it will eventually become "outsourcing" because it needs to be privatized and integrated into the enterprise workflow. Many companies will compete for big customers in insurance companies, banks and automobiles. This will be very similar to the outcome of the previous generation AI company, and the marginal cost is difficult to reduce, and it is not universal.

The future is the world of Agent. Under the Agent process today, the story of AI yesterday is still repeated, and the privatization deployment will face challenges.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Brother Fei said AI (AI(ID：FeigeandAI), author: Gao Jia

State, city, county, District People’s governments, provincial committees, offices, departments and bureaus:

In order to implement the spirit of the national teleconference on stabilizing the economy and the requirements of the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing a Package of Policies and Measures to Stabilize the Economy (Guo Fa [2022] No.12), effectively coordinate the epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, put all policies and measures in place in a timely manner with the spirit of nailing nails, and have greater policy effects on stabilizing the economy and helping enterprises to bail out as soon as possible, keep the economy running in a reasonable range, and greet the party’s twentieth victory with practical actions, we hereby put forward the following opinions:

I. Fiscal policies (8 items)

1. Further strengthen the policy of VAT credit and tax refund. We will continue to implement the policy of full refund of stock tax credits and full monthly refund of incremental tax credits for enterprises in six industries, including manufacturing, scientific research and technical services, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply, software and information technology services, ecological protection and environmental governance, and civil aviation transportation, warehousing and postal services. Timely implement the policies of full refund of stock tax credits and full monthly refund of incremental tax credits for enterprises in seven industries, including wholesale and retail, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, accommodation and catering, residents’ service, repair and other services, education, health and social work, culture, sports and entertainment. We will increase assistance to small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households. On the basis of taxpayers’ voluntary application, we will basically complete the centralized refund of the remaining tax credits before June 30, 2022. For the tax refund retained in the original policy before April, the proportion of subsidies to counties, cities and districts will be further increased on the basis of central subsidies, and the overall subsidy ratio will reach more than 80%, and 70% of local tax refund funds will be advanced. The scale of tax refund for the whole year is expected to reach 70 billion yuan. The provincial finance will co-ordinate funds, increase transfer payments to states, cities, counties and districts, and support the implementation of the tax refund policy and the "three guarantees" at the grassroots level. Strengthen tax refund risk prevention and severely punish tax evasion and tax fraud according to law.

2. Fully implement tax incentives for the development of small and micro enterprises. From January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024, the resource tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, property tax, urban land use tax, stamp duty (excluding stamp duty on securities transactions), farmland occupation tax, education surcharge and local education surcharge levied on small-scale VAT taxpayers, small-scale enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households will be reduced by 50%. For the part of small and meager profit enterprises whose annual taxable income exceeds 1 million yuan but not more than 3 million yuan, it will be included in the taxable income at a reduced rate of 25%, and the enterprise income tax will be paid at the rate of 20%. From April 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022, small-scale taxpayers of value-added tax will be exempted from value-added tax by applying the taxable sales income at the rate of 3%; Prepayment of value-added tax with 3% withholding rate is applicable, and prepayment of value-added tax is suspended.

3. Deferred payment of some taxes and fees for small and medium-sized enterprises in manufacturing. For some taxes and fees deferred by small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the fourth quarter of 2021, the deferred payment period will continue to be extended for six months. For qualified small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, the payment of some taxes and fees in the first quarter and the second quarter of 2022 will be delayed for six months, in which medium-sized enterprises can delay the payment of 50% of the prescribed taxes and fees, and small and micro enterprises can delay the payment of all the prescribed taxes and fees.

4. Expand the implementation of social security fee holdover policy. Continue to implement the policy of reducing the unemployment insurance rate by 1% in stages until April 30, 2023. Under the premise of ensuring that all social insurance benefits are paid in full and on time, all small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households and five poor industries, such as catering, retail, tourism, civil aviation and highway, waterway and railway transportation, which are affected by the epidemic in qualified areas will be implemented with three social insurance premium policies; On this basis, the scope of holdover policy will be extended to other poor industries that are severely affected by the epidemic, where enterprises have difficulties in production and operation in a large area, and which are in line with the national industrial policy. The period of holdover of endowment insurance premiums will be extended by stages until the end of 2022.

5. Support incremental fee reduction of financing guarantee. Support provincial government financing guarantee institutions to increase the scale of secured loan business with a single household of less than 10 million yuan, and expand the coverage of loans for small and micro enterprises and "three rural" subjects. In 2022, the scale of new financing guarantee business of government financing guarantee institutions in the province will be no less than 20 billion yuan, of which the amount of small-scale support for agriculture with a single household of less than 5 million yuan will be no less than 50%. Guide government financing guarantee institutions to reduce fees and make profits, and provincial financing guarantee companies and provincial agricultural financing guarantee companies will implement "zero rate" for small and micro enterprises and agricultural loan guarantees from June 1, 2022. Support and guide government financing guarantee institutions to provide guarantees to small and medium-sized enterprises in the transportation, catering, accommodation, tourism and other industries that meet the requirements and reduce the guarantee fee. The provincial finance will give subsidies according to 50% of the fee reduction. In 2021, the financing guarantee institutions will provide qualified loan guarantee services for small and micro enterprises and "three rural" subjects. If the single-family guarantee amount is less than 5 million yuan and the guarantee rate does not exceed 1%, the subsidy will not exceed 1% according to the guarantee amount; Compensatory expenses incurred in supporting small-scale agriculture and re-guarantee business shall be compensated according to 10% of the compensatory expenses.

6. Increase government procurement to support small and medium-sized enterprises. Where the procurement of goods and services with a price above the procurement quota of 2 million yuan and the procurement of projects with a price below 4 million yuan are suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, the purchaser shall purchase them exclusively for small and medium-sized enterprises. Where goods, services and engineering procurement projects exceeding the above-mentioned amount standards are suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, more than 30% of the total budget of this procurement project is reserved for small and medium-sized enterprises, of which the proportion reserved for small and micro enterprises is not less than 60%. If the unreserved share is specially purchased for small and medium-sized enterprises, the price deduction discount given to small and micro enterprises for goods and services will be increased to 10%-20%. Government procurement projects should reasonably divide procurement packages according to project characteristics, professional types and professional fields, actively expand consortium bidding and subcontracting of large enterprises, and increase the share reserved for small and medium-sized enterprises from more than 30% to more than 40% by the end of 2022. Financial departments at all levels should strengthen the supervision and inspection of the timely payment of procurement funds by purchasers and the non-cash payment or submission of deposits by suppliers.

7. Improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds. Adhere to the tight life of the party and government organs, and on the basis of the budget reduction at the beginning of the year, the public funds of provincial departments will be reduced by 5% to support the stable market players and ensure employment; States, cities, counties and districts should also reduce the budget public funds at the beginning of the year by 5% to support stable market players and ensure employment. Allocate the transfer payment budget as soon as possible to speed up the expenditure progress at the same level. We will intensify efforts to revitalize the existing funds, recover the surplus funds and carry-over funds that have not been used up for two consecutive years and use them as a whole, and recover the funds that do not need to be used according to the original purpose for less than two years and use them as a whole for areas that are in urgent need of support for economic and social development. In combination with the needs of tax refund, project construction, etc., we should do a good job in fund scheduling and strengthen the guarantee of treasury funds to ensure the smooth progress of relevant work.

8. Accelerate the issuance and use of local government special bonds. Seize the important opportunity of the state to expand the scope of support for local government special bonds, and actively plan to reserve new infrastructure and new energy projects; Improve the quality of preliminary work in nine major areas, such as transportation infrastructure, energy and affordable housing projects, and organize project application. Complete the issuance of 23.2 billion yuan of special bonds as soon as possible. Accelerate the disbursement and use of special bond funds, and basically use them before the end of August.

II. Financial policies (4 items)

9. Implement the policy of postponing the repayment of principal and interest. Commercial banks and other financial institutions continue to negotiate independently with small and medium-sized enterprises (including small and medium-sized enterprise owners), individual industrial and commercial households, truck drivers, etc. according to the principle of marketization, and strive to delay the repayment of principal and interest for their loans. In principle, the date of this round of repayment of principal and interest shall not exceed the end of 2022. Strengthen the docking with the financial subsidiaries affiliated to the Central Automobile Enterprise, and strive to give a six-month extension of debt service support for commercial truck consumption loans issued before June 30, 2022. For people who are hospitalized or isolated due to infection in COVID-19, who are isolated and observed by the epidemic situation or who have lost their sources of income, financial institutions can flexibly adjust the repayment plan by reasonably delaying the repayment time, extending the loan term and delaying the repayment of the principal. Adhere to the substantive risk judgment of deferred loans, do not downgrade the loan risk classification solely due to epidemic factors, do not affect the credit record, and waive the penalty interest.

10. Increase the support for small and micro loans. Actively strive for the support of the People’s Bank of China in refinancing, and ensure that the cumulative scale of refinancing in the whole year will increase substantially compared with that in 2021. Provide financial support to 2% of the incremental balance of inclusive micro-loans of relevant local corporate banks (including inclusive micro-loans formed through deferred repayment of principal and interest), and better guide and support local corporate banks to continuously increase the provision of inclusive micro-loans. The provincial finance arranges 20 million yuan of special funds every year, and gives financial discount to rural cooperative financial institutions that borrow re-loans to support agriculture and increase credit supply in the field of rural revitalization, according to 1% of the re-loan amount. We will continue to strengthen the long-term mechanism of "dare to lend, be willing to lend, be able to lend and be willing to lend" in financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises, carry out actions to improve the financial service capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises, improve fault-tolerant arrangements and risk mitigation mechanisms, and promote the increase, expansion and price reduction of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises. Encourage financial institutions and large enterprises to support financing such as accounts receivable pledge of small and medium-sized enterprises, increase rediscount support, and support the financing development of large and medium-sized enterprises with supply chain financing and bank-enterprise cooperation.

11. Increase financial institutions’ support for major projects such as infrastructure. Guide the effective connection of credit funds with special bond funds and budgetary funds, actively strive for more and longer-term loans from policy development banks, strive for long-term financial support from insurance companies, and encourage financial institutions to increase their support for major projects such as comprehensive transportation, water conservancy, logistics and urban infrastructure. Encourage financial institutions to participate in the planning of major projects, optimize the project financing structure, and do a solid job in the early stage of the project.

12. Encourage financial institutions to better serve the real economy. We will continue to release the effectiveness of the reform of the quotation interest rate formation mechanism in the loan market, guide financial institutions to transmit the effect of the decline in deposit interest rates to the loan side, and continue to promote the steady decline in real loan interest rates. Establish a list system of key enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and push financial institutions in a timely manner. We will increase financial institutions’ support for key areas such as green finance, science and technology finance, manufacturing finance, inclusive finance, agriculture, rural areas and farmers’ finance, comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of financial institutions in serving the real economy, and commend, publicize and promote financial institutions and outstanding financial innovation projects that support the real economy.

III. Expanding effective investment policies (8 items)

13. Strengthen the project planning reserve. Vigorously and orderly promote the implementation of major projects included in the national "14 th Five-Year Plan". Make every effort to promote major projects planned by the provincial "14 th Five-Year Plan". Focus on the direction of state support, speed up the planning and storage of a number of landmark, traction and supportive large projects, solidly promote the preliminary work of the project, and improve the annual investment project support rate.

14. Pay great attention to industrial investment. Focus on solving difficult problems in the process of project construction, accelerate the construction of major industrial projects that start on a quarterly basis, and timely organize warehousing and acceptance. In the first half of the year, the province’s industrial investment increased by more than 25%, and the proportion of industrial investment in all States and cities continued to increase. We will promote the construction of a number of industrial transformation and upgrading projects and increase investment in industrial technological transformation. Solidly promote the construction of projects under construction such as plateau characteristic agriculture and tourism transformation and upgrading. Accelerate the preparation of the overall planning of industrial parks and the identification of chemical parks, and arrange special bonds of local governments to support the infrastructure construction of key parks.

15. Strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure. Overall arrangement of provincial comprehensive transportation funds of more than 17 billion yuan to support the construction of major comprehensive transportation projects. Accelerate the implementation of the railway "network construction and speed-up" project, ensure the completion and opening to traffic of Lixiang Railway, Mimeng Railway and Darui Railway, and accelerate the introduction of Dali-Panzhihua Railway into Dali Hub and Wenshan-Mengzi Railway. Implement the "interconnection" project of county expressways, promote a number of expressways to open early and fully, and speed up the construction of expressways from Binchuan to Nanjian, Qiubei to Yanshan and Dayao to Yongren. We will implement the "Strong Base Extension" project of civil aviation, accelerate the reconstruction and expansion of Kunming, Lijiang and Xishuangbanna airports, the relocation of Zhaotong Airport and Mengzi Airport, and make overall plans to promote the preliminary work of the national "Tenth Five-Year Plan" regional airport construction project. Start a new round of rural road reconstruction, with a new reconstruction of more than 10,000 kilometers, and intensify the implementation of rural road safety and life protection projects and the reconstruction of rural dangerous bridges.

16. Accelerate the construction of major water conservancy projects. In-depth implementation of the project of revitalizing water and moistening Yunnan, the implementation of water conservancy construction funds of more than 40 billion yuan, and speeding up the pace of construction of water diversion projects in central Yunnan, Haishao Reservoir, Gengma Irrigation District, etc. Accelerate the preliminary work of the second-phase backbone project of water diversion in central Yunnan and major water conservancy projects such as Pumpkin Ping, Qingshuihe, Xiaoshimen and Taoyuan, and start construction as soon as possible. Strive to start more than 200 key water network projects throughout the year. The provincial finance allocated 2.4 billion yuan for the protection and management of nine plateau lakes. Strive to start and complete the projects included in the 14 th Five-Year Plan as soon as possible, and actively plan a number of major water conservancy projects during the 15 th Five-Year Plan.

17. Speed up the construction of new infrastructure. Accelerate the implementation of the 1 billion yuan provincial special fund for new infrastructure construction. Improve the service capacity and Internet of Things access capacity of Kunming International Communication Import and Export Bureau, continuously expand the coverage of Gigabit optical networks, and build 20,000 new 5G base stations; Promote the intelligent transformation of infrastructure such as transportation, logistics, energy and municipal administration, and carry out the "urban brain" pilot.

18. Promote the upgrading of urban infrastructure functions. We will promote urbanization with county towns as an important carrier, and guide all localities to promote the construction of healthy, beautiful, civilized, smart and happy counties. Strengthen the construction of urban flood control and drainage, sewage and garbage collection and treatment system, vigorously promote urban renewal and transformation, newly start the transformation of 1,500 old urban communities, expand the scale of shantytown transformation, accelerate the planning and implementation of a number of urban aging pipe network upgrading and transformation projects, and promote the construction of urban underground utility tunnel according to local conditions.

19. Stabilize and expand private investment. Improve the approval and filing system of enterprise investment projects, establish a handling and feedback mechanism for enterprises to reflect investment approval issues, and improve the convenience of approval of private investment projects. In the first half of the year, private investment in the province increased by more than 10%. Normalize and institutionalize projects to private capital, focus on urban infrastructure, and encourage and attract more social capital to participate in major engineering projects through comprehensive development mode. Carry out the pilot work of real estate investment trust funds (REITs) in infrastructure. Establish a loan risk compensation mechanism for private enterprises for infrastructure projects, technological innovation and technological progress projects. Support the construction of a number of specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises.

20. Grasp the key elements of major projects. Give full play to the role of 5 billion yuan in provincial budget investment, leverage all kinds of capital, and accelerate the construction of key investment projects. We will implement the "three lists" weekly scheduling mechanism for local government special bond projects, central and provincial budgetary investment projects and major industrial projects. Strengthen the overall planning of major projects at the provincial level, continue to make plans for land, forest land and other key indicators, and increase the inclination to key projects and key parks. Accelerate the efficiency of examination and approval of land use and other links, establish a "green channel" for examination and approval of major projects, and solve the problems of difficulties, pain points and blocking points in the construction of projects.

IV. Policies to Promote Consumption Recovery (3 items)

21. Steady increase in bulk consumption of automobiles and household appliances. We will promptly study and introduce phased policies to stimulate consumption. Improve the management regulations on registration, filing and vehicle transaction registration of used car market entities. Support the promotion and application of new energy vehicles and the construction of public charging and replacing infrastructure. Optimize the investment and construction operation mode of new energy vehicle charging piles (stations), gradually realize the full coverage of charging facilities in all residential areas and operating parking lots, and accelerate the construction of charging piles (stations) in expressway service areas, passenger transport hubs and other areas. Vigorously promote new energy vehicles in the field of public travel. Support the promotion of new energy vehicles and subsidize consumers who buy new energy vehicles. Implement the support policy of reducing vehicle purchase tax for passenger cars below a certain displacement in 2022. Encourage the promotion of "trade-in" of automobiles. Encourage qualified areas to subsidize consumers to buy passenger cars with a displacement of 1.6 liters or less. Encourage home appliance manufacturers to carry out recycling target responsibility system actions, and guide financial institutions to improve their financial service capabilities to better meet the needs of consumption upgrading.

22. Promote the healthy development of the real estate market. We will implement measures such as national support for rigid and improved housing demand and phased housing provident fund support policies, and optimize the supervision of pre-sale funds for commercial housing. Supervise and guide all localities to implement the "one city, one policy", increase support for new citizens to buy houses, digest some existing houses in combination with urban renewal and renovation of old communities and villages in the city, and support conditional commercial and residential housing reform into community public facilities. Encourage cities with a large inventory of commercial housing and a long period of de-transformation to purchase market stock housing as affordable rental housing by purchasing on behalf of the agent. We will promptly complete the rectification of "uncompleted residential flats". Support local and real estate enterprises to carry out various forms of promotional activities.

23. Promote the healthy development of platform economy. Detailed implementation of the specific measures of the state to support the healthy development of platform economy norms, maintain the order of market competition, and promote the healthy development of platform economy norms with fair competition. Give full play to the stable employment role of the platform economy, and support the development of platform enterprises to drive small and medium-sized enterprises to bail out. Guide platform enterprises to do a good job in the online and offline linkage of the "last mile" of epidemic prevention materials and important livelihood commodities in epidemic prevention and control. Encourage platform enterprises to accelerate technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, operating systems, processors and other fields. Support platform economy and digital economy to legally comply with domestic and foreign listing financing.

Five, to ensure food and energy security policy (5)

24. Stick to the bottom line of food security. The provincial finance has arranged another 290 million yuan grain subsidy. Issue the second batch of agricultural subsidies as soon as possible. We will implement the policy requirements of appropriately raising the minimum purchase price level of rice and wheat in 2022, start purchasing in time according to the market situation, and protect farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain. If the new agricultural business entities complete the actual asset investment of more than 100 million yuan (including 100 million yuan) in agricultural key links such as agricultural planting, breeding, processing and cold chain logistics during the period from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022, they will be given a one-time award according to 10% of the actual investment. The overall fund is 8.28 billion yuan, supporting 4.8 million mu of high-standard farmland and small-scale water conservancy construction. In the whole year, the sown area of grain was over 62.87 million mu, and the grain output was over 19.3 million tons. Carry out a policy inspection of grain and oil inventory to ensure the true quantity, reliable quality and safe storage.

25. Accelerate the construction of energy projects. Promote the construction of "scenery, water and fire storage" multi-energy complementary bases, "new energy+"and distributed photovoltaics. Ensure that Baihetan Hydropower Station is fully put into operation and Toba Hydropower Station is put into operation on schedule. We will accelerate the construction, connection and consumption of wind power and photovoltaic power generation projects, and start new energy installations of 20 million kilowatts and put into operation more than 11 million kilowatts throughout the year.

26. Strengthen the capacity building of coal supply and reserve. Make good use of policies such as special refinancing for clean and efficient use of coal, and speed up the procedures for retaining coal mines according to laws and regulations. In the case of ensuring safety, support the trial operation of coal mines for formal production, and promote the resumption of production of shutdown projects. Do a good job in signing and performing long-term contracts for coal, and compact the reserve tasks of coal production enterprises.

27. Improve power supply capacity. Optimize the thermal power cost sharing mechanism and the new energy electricity price formation mechanism, and enhance the production enthusiasm of thermal power enterprises. We will optimize the monthly arrangement of power transmission from the west to the east, establish a "point-to-network" and "network-to-network" power transmission coordination mechanism for cloud power transmission to Guangdong, and complete the power transmission tasks under the framework agreement for cloud power transmission to Guangdong and Guangxi.

28. Strengthen the capacity building of oil reserves. Support PetroChina’s Yunnan refining project to expand sales and promote production. Continue to rectify the refined oil market and increase the crackdown on non-standard oil.

VI. Policies for ensuring the stability of the industrial chain supply chain (8 items)

29. Reduce the cost of enterprises in the real economy. On the basis of the budget of 500 million yuan for the development of provincial small and medium-sized enterprises at the beginning of the year, another 500 million yuan will be allocated to support the development of a number of "specialized and innovative" small and medium-sized enterprises. States, cities, counties and districts are encouraged to arrange special funds for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, and the provincial finance will reward them according to a certain proportion. Provide housing rent, utilities, guarantee fees, epidemic prevention expenses and other subsidies to small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in difficult industries, and give loan interest subsidies and social security subsidies. We will implement the policy of "non-stop payment of arrears" for water, electricity and gas, set up a six-month deferred payment period, and further extend it according to the actual situation. During the deferred payment period, arrears and late fees will be exempted. Clean up the unreasonable price increase in the process of switching to power supply, and support the phased preferential policies for electricity consumption in industries with special difficulties. Strictly implement the list system of administrative fees related to enterprises, and seriously investigate and deal with unreasonable pricing and price charges. We will carry out in-depth special rectification of accounts owed to small and medium-sized enterprises. In the field of bidding, a letter of guarantee (insurance) will be fully implemented instead of cash to pay the deposit for bidding, performance and project quality, and tenderers will be encouraged to exempt bidders from bidding guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises. Smooth the path of realizing the policy of helping enterprises and benefiting the people directly to market players, and ensure that the progress of realizing policy funds is more than half before the end of June.

30. Promote phased reduction and exemption of housing rents of market entities. From January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022, the house owners who reduced the rent for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in the service industry were exempted from the property tax and urban land use tax of the corresponding rented property during the rent-free period (rent reduction can be converted into rent-free period). Rent will be reduced or exempted for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in the service industry that rent state-owned enterprises, institutions and state-owned operating houses in the province. Among them, in 2022, counties, cities and districts listed as high-risk areas in the epidemic will be reduced or exempted for 6 months, and other areas will be reduced or exempted for 3 months. Rent relief will no longer be reported to the asset management department for approval, and will be implemented after the unit performs its internal procedures.

31. Support the development of agriculture with plateau characteristics. For the new loans of key agricultural enterprises in 2022, the provincial finance will give a discount of 50% of the actual loan interest rate, and the discount interest rate will not be higher than 5%; Encourage all localities to arrange discount funds through their own financial resources and other channels, and the total discount ratio shall not exceed the actual loan interest rate. If the green certification, organic agricultural products, geographical indications of agricultural products and geographical indication protection products with certification qualifications at home and abroad meet the relevant conditions, the provincial finance will grant subsidies for the identification fees. Green and organic planting of coffee garden enterprises or cooperatives shall be given one-time subsidies according to the standards of 100 yuan/mu and 200 yuan/mu respectively. Arrange 50 million yuan to promote rural revitalization subsidy funds, focusing on subsidies for weak links such as the integrated production line of walnut primary processing machinery, discount on purchasing and storage loans and the construction of cold chain logistics facilities.

32. Increase support for the development of advanced manufacturing industries. Arrange special funds for the high-quality development of provincial manufacturing industry, support the construction of major manufacturing projects, the cultivation of advanced manufacturing clusters, technological transformation and innovation of enterprises, etc. Grasp the policies and measures to support the development of green aluminum and photovoltaic industry, support the extension of green aluminum industry chain to deep processing and terminal manufacturing, and the extension of silicon photovoltaic industry chain to battery chips, components and their supporting facilities. Accelerate the completion and commissioning of supporting power grids to ensure the electricity demand of key industries such as green aluminum and silicon photovoltaic.

33. Promote the recovery and upgrading of tourism. The provincial finance has arranged a special fund of about 2 billion yuan for the high-quality development of tourism, and implemented policies such as supporting the high-quality development of tourism, helping the cultural tourism industry, and rewarding the recovery and development of tourism. Accelerate the realization of the 55.5 million yuan award fund for travel agencies and tourism performing arts enterprises in 2022. The new working capital loans for cultural tourism enterprises in 2022 will be discounted at 50% of the actual loan interest rate (not exceeding 5%). Encourage A-level tourist attractions that implement government-guided prices to carry out ticket price reduction promotion activities. In 2022, the provincial finance will give 50% subsidies according to the amount of relief. In 2022, 200 million yuan of travel coupons and 100 million yuan of go on road trip electronic oil coupons will be issued. We will implement relief support policies such as temporarily withdrawing 100% tourism service quality deposit and financial and credit support. Encourage banks to provide loans to enterprises in industries that are greatly affected by the epidemic, such as cultural tourism, catering and accommodation. Study the establishment of cultural tourism industry fund and operate it in a market-oriented way. The provincial finance co-ordinates the arrangement of funds, and subsidizes the state, city wholesale and retail, catering and accommodation enterprises to carry out nucleic acid testing.

34. Optimize the enterprise’s policy of returning to work and reaching production. Focus on key enterprises and key industries to further intensify their work and accelerate the resumption of production and market for enterprises that have stopped production. Establish and improve the "white list" system for key enterprises such as operation guarantee enterprises, epidemic prevention materials production enterprises, continuous production and operation enterprises, key enterprises in industrial chain and supply chain, key foreign trade enterprises, and "specialized and innovative" small and medium-sized enterprises, dynamically adjust the scope of "white list" enterprises, strengthen linkage with the state, and promote regional mutual recognition of provincial "white list" enterprises. Implement territorial responsibility and support qualified enterprises to carry out closed-loop production in the event of an epidemic. Promote the practice of "point-to-point" transportation, strengthen the services of returning employees, logistics support, upstream and downstream connection, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on the normal production and operation of enterprises.

35. Improve the policy of ensuring smooth traffic and logistics. Co-ordinate the civil aviation development fund of more than 800 million yuan, subsidize eligible airport operations according to regulations, and give discount to eligible civil aviation infrastructure loan projects. Provincial finance co-ordinates special funds for route cultivation, subsidizes qualified international and regional routes and intra-provincial flight routes, and supports airlines to open up operating routes. Make good use of the special funds for freight subsidies in China-Laos Railway to help enterprises reduce logistics costs. Completely cancel the epidemic prevention traffic restrictions on freight vehicles from low-risk areas. It is not allowed to block or close highways, ordinary highways and waterway locks without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to isolate county and rural roads, and it is not allowed to shut down expressway service areas, ports and docks, railway stations and civil transport airports without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to restrict the normal flow of people in areas with low risk of epidemic situation. For freight vehicles coming from or entering or leaving the cities where high-risk areas are located in the epidemic, the policy of "taking them, leaving them and chasing them" will be implemented. Passenger and freight drivers and couriers wait for free detection points in different places to carry out nucleic acid detection and antigen detection. The local government is regarded as a local resident and enjoys the same policy, and the required expenses are guaranteed by local finance. Strictly implement the green channel policy for the transportation of fresh agricultural products.

36. Make overall plans to increase support for logistics hubs and logistics enterprises. Accelerate the construction of national logistics hubs such as Kunming, Dali, Xishuangbanna, Honghe and Dehong, coordinate and promote the joint development of Kunming land port type and Xishuangbanna (Mohan) land border port type national logistics hub, and optimize and upgrade the functional format of Kunming commercial and service-oriented national logistics hub. Increase local government special bonds to support the construction of major logistics infrastructure such as logistics hub, backbone cold chain logistics base, railway special line and demonstration logistics park. Accelerate the construction of agricultural product supply chain system, and vigorously implement county-level commercial construction actions. Actively strive for special refinancing of transportation logistics and support financing of transportation logistics enterprises. Support the construction of a number of small-scale refrigeration and fresh-keeping facilities in Tiantou in the main producing areas of agricultural products and the advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products, and promote the construction of a number of cold chain distribution centers for production and marketing.

Seven, optimize the business environment and investment policies (4)

37. Increase the intensity of sending policies into enterprises. We will implement the three-year action plan to create a first-class business environment, carry out policy publicity, policy service and policy fulfillment activities, sort out the list of enterprises and key enterprises that have stopped production reduction, carry out the "one enterprise, one policy" contact service, take the initiative to send policies to enterprises, parks and various policy power points, and promote the implementation of policies to the "last zero kilometer". Set up a "one-stop" service window for benefiting enterprises in government service halls (places) at all levels, and provide services such as policy release, entrepreneurship training, employment docking, financial support and policy application to market participants.

38. Promote the multiplication of market players. Accelerate the implementation of the "8+2" supporting cultivation plan, focus on cultivating "specialized and innovative" small and medium-sized enterprises with fast growth, strong innovation ability and great development potential, and promote "individual transformation", "enterprise promotion", "regulation reform" and "stock listing". Focus on the cultivation of upstream and downstream market players in key industrial chains, and support the improvement of innovation ability of small and medium-sized enterprises, the construction of public service platforms and financing systems.

39. Improve investment policies. In accordance with the law and regulations, we will increase the implementation of preferential policies for attracting investment, make overall plans for attracting investment in the province, and formulate and implement policies and measures such as special actions to further promote attracting investment and attract big investment. Strengthen the "number one" investment promotion, further promote the investment promotion of the whole industrial chain, accelerate the landing of a number of investment promotion projects, and accelerate the introduction of a number of industrial chain "chain owners" enterprises, leading backbone enterprises, industry invisible champions and upstream and downstream supporting enterprises.

40. Promote the steady development of foreign investment and foreign trade. Promote the construction of key development projects along China-Laos Railway. Actively plan major foreign-funded projects with large investment, strong driving effect and wide coverage of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. Arrange major foreign investment incentives and support the signing of a number of new projects. We will continue to implement the 2% reward and compensation policy for foreign investment in place, and accelerate the realization of foreign investment incentive funds in 2021. Support the reinvestment of profits of foreign-invested enterprises. Vigorously support the use of foreign capital in new energy sources. We will implement the "Capacity Enhancement for Foreign Headquarters" plan, attract foreign-funded enterprises to set up regional headquarters for South Asia and Southeast Asia, and encourage multinational companies to establish functional headquarters such as capital operation center, sales center, procurement center and supply chain management center based in Yunnan. Establish and improve the normal exchange mechanism with foreign business associations and foreign-funded enterprises, actively solve the problems of foreign-funded enterprises’ convenience in doing business in Yunnan, and further stabilize and expand foreign investment.

Eight, employment policy (6)

41. Increase investment to ensure employment. Overall arrangement of employment, skills upgrading and other subsidies of more than 3.5 billion yuan, unemployment insurance fund of 2.377 billion yuan, financial guarantee loans at or above the provincial level of interest subsidies and awards of more than 1.5 billion yuan, effectively stabilize and expand employment, 500,000 new jobs were created in cities and towns throughout the year. Expand the scope of unemployment insurance coverage, and pay unemployment benefits to unemployed people who have not been employed after receiving unemployment insurance benefits and insured unemployed people who do not meet the conditions for receiving unemployment insurance benefits; Broaden the scope of benefits of unemployment insurance subsidies, from small and medium-sized enterprises to all insured enterprises that are seriously affected by the epidemic and temporarily unable to produce and operate normally. Broaden the scope of business guarantee loan support, and include cultural tourism, wholesale and retail, catering and accommodation, logistics and transportation and other industry groups and qualified new citizens who are greatly affected by the epidemic into the scope of business guarantee loan support. Improve the guarantee and compensation mechanism of entrepreneurial guarantee loans.

42. Support the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduates. Implement the "excellent project library" system for innovation and entrepreneurship, give financial awards to eligible award-winning projects, and recommend to enter the provincial incubation platform free of charge. Provide college graduates with interest subsidies for business start-up guarantee loans, and give a one-time business start-up subsidy of no more than 30,000 yuan. Raise the subsidy standard for employment trainee to 1,500 yuan per person per month, and support 15,000 college graduates to improve their employability. If an enterprise recruits college graduates in the graduation year, signs labor contracts and participates in unemployment insurance, it will issue a one-time job expansion subsidy according to the standard of no more than 1,500 yuan per person, and it will not be enjoyed repeatedly with the one-time employment subsidy. Small and micro enterprises that absorb the employment of college graduates can apply for small and micro enterprise entrepreneurship guarantee loans according to regulations. If college graduates in our province go to 25 border counties, cities and 3 grass-roots units below Tibet-related counties, cities and towns for employment and voluntary service for more than 3 years after graduation, their tuition fees will be compensated by the finance according to the standard that undergraduate students do not exceed 8,000 yuan and graduate students do not exceed 12,000 yuan. Guide and support college graduates to teach, support agriculture, support doctors, and help in villages at the grassroots level in our province, and give each person a living allowance of 50,000 yuan per year.

43. Implement the enterprise’s job security support policy. We will increase the proportion of stable return of unemployment insurance, continue to implement the policy of stable return of inclusive unemployment insurance, increase the proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises from 60% to 90%, and increase the proportion of large enterprises from 30% to 50%. Encourage enterprises to absorb the employment of people with difficulties. For small and medium-sized enterprises that have absorbed people who have been unemployed in cities and towns for more than one year and those who have been out of poverty in rural areas for more than six months, they will be given employment subsidies according to the standard of 1000 yuan per person.

44. Promote rural labor employment. Accelerate the implementation of policies such as the three-year action to increase the income of rural residents, the three-year action to increase the income of people out of poverty, and the "income increase plan" for rural labor transfer and employment. Arrange the connection and promote the rural revitalization subsidy fund of 400 million yuan to support the employment and income increase of the poverty-stricken population (including monitoring and helping objects). Arrange a one-time transportation subsidy for the people who have been out of poverty for more than three months with stable employment across provinces that does not exceed that of 1000 yuan. Arrange public welfare posts for the poverty-stricken population, carry out production and operation and labor skills training, arrange "Rain and Dew Plan" subsidies for eligible poverty-stricken families, and support new agricultural business entities to absorb the employment of the poverty-stricken population. We will improve the support policies for agricultural transfer population and rural labor employment and entrepreneurship. Actively strive for the support of the central agricultural transfer population citizenization incentive funds, and promote the implementation of the system of providing basic public services in permanent residence. According to the national land space planning and the number of people who settled in the city in the previous year, the scale of new construction land in various cities and towns will be reasonably arranged.

45. Support individual industrial and commercial households to accelerate their development. Give play to the role of the joint meeting mechanism to support the development of individual industrial and commercial households, speed up the improvement of the service system, strengthen the guidance and guidance of entrepreneurship, actively coordinate and solve outstanding problems in rent, taxes and fees, social security, financing and employment of individual industrial and commercial households, and improve their ability to absorb employment. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2025, for key groups that meet the requirements, such as the poverty-stricken people who set up a card, the registered unemployed, and college graduates in the graduation year, if they engage in self-employment, the corresponding taxes and fees will be deducted in turn within 3 years (36 months) according to the limit of 14,400 yuan per household per year; If an enterprise recruits its employment, it will sign a labor contract with a term of more than one year and pay social insurance premiums according to law. Since the month when the labor contract is signed and social insurance is paid, within three years (36 months), the corresponding taxes and fees will be deducted in turn according to the quota standard of 7,800 yuan per person per year. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023, for retired soldiers who are self-employed and engaged in self-employment, the corresponding taxes and fees will be deducted according to the limit of 14,400 yuan per household per year within 3 years (36 months) from the month of registration of individual industrial and commercial households; If an enterprise recruits its employment, instead of signing a labor contract with a term of more than one year and paying social insurance premiums according to law, the corresponding taxes and fees will be deducted in turn according to the quota standard of 9000 yuan per person per year in three years (36 months) from the month when the labor contract is signed and social insurance is paid.

46. Support entrepreneurship to bring employment. A provincial employment subsidy fund of 25 million yuan will be specially arranged, and a one-time award of 5 million yuan and 2 million yuan will be given to the business incubation demonstration base and business demonstration park in accordance with the regulations. Support the construction of demonstration projects to improve the capacity of public employment services. To be included in the scope of national demonstration projects, the provincial finance will give 50 million yuan as a bonus. Support to build a labor service brand with Yunnan characteristics, increase vocational training, and train 600,000 people throughout the year.

Nine, to protect the basic livelihood policy (2)

47. Consolidate and expand the achievements in tackling poverty. Arrange provincial-level convergence to promote rural revitalization subsidy funds of 600 million yuan, support leading enterprises, professional cooperatives, agricultural socialized service organizations and other market entities to implement agricultural and rich agricultural industrial projects, and drive poverty-stricken people to increase their income. We will expand the work-for-work relief for migrant workers, and fully implement new relief models such as employment skills training, public welfare post development and asset income dividends. Implement the "one household, one policy" income increase plan for poverty-stricken families with per capita income below 10 thousand yuan.

48. Stick to the bottom line of people’s livelihood. We will do a good job in ensuring the supply and price stability of daily necessities such as grain and oil, vegetables, meat, eggs and milk, and realize the supply and price stability of "rice bags" and "vegetable baskets". We will implement a linkage mechanism linking social assistance and security standards with rising prices, pay subsidies in full and on time, and ensure the basic livelihood of low-income groups. Make good use of the aid subsidy funds allocated by the central government, compact the responsibilities of governments at all levels, and distribute them in full and on time to the people in need of help through the direct mechanism of financial funds. Do a good job in life assistance for the affected people, do a good job in helping the needy groups who need assistance and protection, and give targeted assistance to people with temporary difficulties. Support Ruili and border States, cities and other areas seriously affected by the epidemic to resume development. Do a good job in disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and strengthen the reserve and dispatch of emergency materials. In-depth investigation and rectification of hidden dangers in housing construction will be carried out, and special actions will be taken to control production safety in coal mine gas, transportation and hazardous chemicals industries.

Yunnan Provincial People’s Government

May 31, 2022

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