Article 38 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall make overall arrangements for the construction of facilities for the collection, transportation and disposal of domestic garbage in urban and rural areas, improve the utilization rate and harmless disposal rate of domestic garbage, promote the industrial development of domestic garbage collection and disposal, and gradually establish and improve the social service system for the prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage.
[Interpretation] This article is about the responsibility of the people’s governments at or above the county level to prevent and control environmental pollution caused by domestic garbage.
First, the basic situation of domestic waste generation and disposal in China
China has a large population, high density, low and uneven economic development level and weak infrastructure construction. Therefore, although the per capita domestic waste in China is less than that in developed countries, the total amount is large, the level of reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness is relatively low, and the garbage is seriously harmful. In terms of municipal solid waste, according to statistics, China produces about 150 million tons of municipal solid waste every year, and it is still increasing at a rate of more than 4% every year. Most of these wastes are directly dumped or simply landfilled, and the level of harmless disposal is very low. At present, organic components account for 60% of the total amount of municipal solid waste in China, and inorganic substances account for about 40%, of which waste paper and recyclables such as plastics, glass, metals and fabrics account for about 20% of the total amount. Compared with the previous garbage, there are two prominent characteristics of domestic garbage in China at present. First, due to the continuous improvement of urban gasification rate, the ash content in domestic garbage is greatly reduced, and the organic matter content and calorific value of garbage are increased, which is beneficial to garbage composting and garbage incineration for power generation. However, the proportion of kitchen waste in garbage is still large, which leads to the high water content in garbage, which affects the calorific value of garbage and is not conducive to the classified recovery and disposal of garbage. Second, the amount of packaging waste in China’s urban domestic waste is growing rapidly, and most of waste paper, metal, glass, plastic and so on are discarded packaging materials after use. With the development of economy, there are more and more forms of commodity packaging, and the types and quantities of packaging materials increase rapidly.Products that are packaged with composite materials, over-packaged and luxury packaged are everywhere, especially in big cities. At present, China’s packaging waste accounts for more than 10% of urban domestic waste, and its volume should constitute more than 30% of domestic waste. It can be seen that the control of packaging is of great significance for waste reduction and recycling. In this regard, Article 18 of this Law has made provisions.
The disposal of municipal solid waste in China started in the late 1980s. Before 1990, the national urban garbage disposal rate was less than 2%. Since the 1990s, especially since 1998, the investment in the construction of sanitation facilities in China has been increasing, and the disposal level of municipal solid waste has also been improved. By 2002, China had built 651 domestic waste disposal plants (fields) with a disposal capacity of 76.88 million tons. There are 528 landfills with a disposal capacity of 68.96 million tons, accounting for 81.1% and 89.7% respectively. Secondly, compost, with disposal facilities accounting for about 12% and disposal capacity accounting for about 6.7%; Waste incineration plants account for 6.9%, and the disposal capacity accounts for about 3.6%. From the actual situation, there are three main ways to dispose of domestic garbage in China at present. One is landfill. This is the most important disposal method of urban domestic waste in China at present, and it will occupy the leading position in garbage disposal for a long time to come. In recent years, many big cities in China are building or have built large-scale or even super-large sanitary landfills. Generally speaking, these landfills have adopted the technical requirements that are in line with those of developed countries, and the operation of landfills is also at a fairly high level. However, there are still a considerable number of garbage dumps, which have not been built and managed according to the requirements of sanitary landfills in terms of site selection, design and operation due to historical reasons.There are serious environmental problems. The advantages of landfill method are less investment, large capacity and quick effect, but the disadvantages are continuous occupation of land, short use time (generally about ten years), waste of recyclable resources in garbage, and environmental problems left over. The second is incineration. It is estimated that in the next 10 years, the incineration of municipal solid waste in China will account for 5-11% of the total disposal. Incineration is a widely used method in developed countries at present, which can reduce the volume of domestic waste by 9/10, reduce the landfill area, and recover heat energy for utilization. Its disadvantage is that the construction requires a lot of investment, which may cause air pollution, especially some incinerators with incineration temperature below 1200 degrees may release toxic gases such as dioxins. In addition, incineration will also make some valuable components lose, resulting in a waste of resources, ash and slag emissions are also relatively large, and some also contain concentrated toxic substances, which will pollute groundwater and soil if improperly disposed. The third is composting. The main domestic wastes that can be used for composting are kitchen waste and fallen leaves. In the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China, kitchen wastes account for a large proportion, which is more suitable for composting. Up to now, low-cost composting system is mainly used for composting disposal in China, and most garbage composting disposal sites use open static composting. In recent two years, some small-scale dynamic high-temperature composting equipment has been introduced and developed in some places, which is specially used to dispose of kitchen waste in units or communities and produce high-quality organic fertilizers, with good results.The advantages of composting method are small area, low investment and good economic and environmental benefits. The disadvantage is that the stench generated by garbage compost will affect the surrounding environment, and the garbage containing glass and other debris may affect the quality of compost, and the compost may produce heavy metal elements or other harmful substances.
Second, the main contents of this article
China should realize the target management system of sustainable development of domestic waste, that is, from simple garbage collection, transportation and disposal to garbage reduction, recycling and harmless management, taking into account resource conservation, comprehensive recycling and pollution prevention. This is a very large, complex and comprehensive system project, which should be arranged at the same time and promoted mutually, and cannot be neglected. The prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage is closely related to the control of water pollution and air pollution, ecological construction and the protection of natural resources, and all sectors of the national economy and all aspects of social life. To this end, this article stipulates that the people’s governments at or above the county level shall:
1 overall arrangements for the construction of urban and rural domestic waste collection, transportation and disposal facilities. To solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by domestic garbage, we must first have perfect collection, transportation and disposal facilities. Since domestic garbage is generated in people’s daily life and scattered around residents, it is crucial to build scientific classified collection facilities through appropriate methods, and then transport them to centralized disposal sites or recycle them through transportation facilities. Considering the social public welfare of domestic waste collection, transportation and disposal, it belongs to the category of social public affairs. The government at or above the county level has legal responsibilities. Under the guidance of urban and rural master planning and environmental protection planning, it should formulate professional plans related to domestic waste collection, transportation and disposal, reasonably determine the layout and scale of domestic waste pollution prevention facilities, and make overall arrangements for construction. In addition, it should be noted that this responsibility stipulated in this article is aimed at all domestic garbage, that is, governments at all levels should coordinate the development of urban and rural areas according to the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, bring both urban and rural domestic garbage into the management track, and reasonably arrange the construction of collection, transportation and disposal facilities for urban and rural domestic garbage from the actual situation in the region.
2. Improve the utilization rate and harmless disposal rate of domestic garbage. Many domestic wastes are recyclable resources. According to the requirements of recycling solid wastes, governments at all levels should actively take measures to effectively improve the utilization rate of domestic wastes. Specific measures include: implementing preferential policies to encourage and support enterprises to actively carry out comprehensive recycling of domestic garbage; Strict management, do a good job in the recycling and recycling of waste domestic garbage; Establish and improve the management system to promote the comprehensive recycling of domestic waste; Establish a reward and punishment system for comprehensive utilization of domestic waste. At the same time, governments at all levels can also implement economic and technological policies that are conducive to the development and popularization of technology for comprehensive utilization of resources, and publish national technology-oriented catalogues for comprehensive utilization of resources from time to time. For mature technologies with broad application prospects, we should actively arrange demonstration projects, gradually realize industrialization, cultivate and develop the technology market, carry out technical consultation and information services, and promote the transfer and popularization of scientific and technological achievements. In addition, the final disposal of domestic garbage must strictly implement the requirements of harmlessness. Governments at all levels should actively take measures to speed up the construction of domestic waste disposal facilities, and rationally choose sanitary landfill, incineration or composting disposal methods according to the principles of adapting to local conditions, feasible technology, reliable equipment, moderate scale and comprehensive management and utilization. In areas with suitable sanitary landfill resources and natural conditions, sanitary landfill is the basic scheme of garbage disposal;Incineration disposal technology can be developed in economically developed areas, areas where the average low calorific value of furnace garbage is higher than 5000 kcal/kg and there is a lack of sanitary landfill resources; Garbage with biodegradable organic matter content greater than 40% should be encouraged to be composted at high temperature on the basis of garbage classification and collection. Advocate the adoption of comprehensive disposal methods. At the same time, the construction of garbage disposal facilities should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of capital construction procedures and environmental impact assessment, and the acceptance of garbage disposal facilities and the supervision of pollution discharge during the operation of garbage disposal facilities should be strengthened to prevent environmental pollution.
3. Promote the industrial development of domestic waste collection and disposal. One of the important reasons for the backwardness of domestic waste collection and disposal in China is the lack of a perfect operating mechanism of the waste disposal market. At present, the investment channel in the field of domestic waste collection and disposal is single, and the operation lacks competition, so it is impossible to play the role of market mechanism in optimizing resource allocation and improving operational efficiency in this field, resulting in the slow development of industrialization of domestic waste collection and disposal, which seriously restricts the development of environmental pollution prevention and control in China. Therefore, governments at all levels should take measures to encourage all sectors of society to actively participate in waste reduction, classified collection and recycling, and encourage the diversification of investment in the construction of waste disposal facilities, marketization of operation, standardization of equipment and automation of monitoring, so that the collection and disposal of domestic waste can be industrialized.
4. Gradually establish and improve the social service system for the prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage. The prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage is a highly comprehensive systematic project. To realize the reduction, recycling and harmlessness of domestic garbage, we must establish a well-functioning social service system, implement the concept of circular economy from all aspects, and promote the smooth development of environmental pollution prevention and control by domestic garbage. For example, to change the urban fuel structure and reduce the amount of coal ash and garbage, a large number of social service institutions and personnel are needed. If we want to organize the listing of clean vegetables and reduce the amount of kitchen waste, we also need the support of a series of social service organizations such as vegetable farmers, supermarkets and packaging enterprises. From the actual situation, the relevant social service system is very important to prevent and control the environmental pollution caused by domestic garbage. Governments at all levels must make overall considerations and overall arrangements, and gradually establish and improve them. The Regulations on the Management of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation formulated by the State Council in 1992 also stipulates that environmental sanitation management should gradually implement socialized services, and environmental sanitation service companies should be established in cities where conditions permit.
Article 39 The competent administrative department of environmental sanitation of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall organize the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste, and may select qualified units to engage in the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste through bidding.
[Interpretation] This article is a regulation on the responsibility of the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation to organize the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste.
First, the main problems existing in the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste in China
At present, the collection and transportation methods of municipal solid waste in China are basically mixed collection and transportation. Although garbage bins for classified collection have been set up in the streets and residential areas of some cities, the classified garbage can not be transported because of the low level of professional operation of garbage disposal, which leads to the mixed removal and disposal of the classified garbage. Mixed collection and transportation not only bring difficulties to garbage disposal, but also can not improve the level of garbage resource utilization. In addition, there is a common problem in garbage transportation that garbage is scattered during transportation because the transportation vehicles are not sealed or poorly sealed, which causes domestic garbage to pollute the environment. Compared with developed countries, the management level of municipal solid waste in China is still very low. The main manifestations are that dumping and random stacking of garbage are widespread, the comprehensive utilization and resource utilization of garbage are low, and the secondary pollution of garbage disposal is quite common. In terms of municipal solid waste disposal, the main problems are: firstly, the disposal facilities are seriously insufficient and the disposal capacity is limited, which can not meet the needs; Second, the disposal method is single, and the landfill disposal capacity accounts for 89% of the total disposal capacity, and the comprehensive utilization of garbage has not been paid due attention; Third, the disposal technology level is low, and the disposal facilities do not meet the requirements of environmental protection, resulting in new secondary pollution sources. According to the statistical bulletin of national economic and social development in 2003, the harmless disposal rate of municipal solid waste in China is 58%, but according to the Ministry of Construction’s survey of 255 cities (counties) in 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government)By the end of 2003, the harmless disposal rate of domestic garbage in a strict sense can only reach about 25%. In terms of landfill, except for the newly-built landfill, most landfills have serious problems in seepage prevention and the collection and disposal of leachate and gas due to congenital deficiency. The direct discharge of leachate and gas leads to water and air pollution around the landfill, and methane gas outburst also causes casualties from time to time. In terms of garbage incineration, small incinerators are used in some places. Due to insufficient combustion temperature and no effective flue gas disposal system, the flue gas emission cannot meet the standard, and even toxic gases such as dioxins are produced, which seriously pollutes the environment. The reasons for the above problems are mainly several aspects. First, there is a shortage of investment and funds; Second, technology and equipment are backward; Third, the management level is low. On the whole, the current garbage management system in China is still the product of the planned economy era. Most sanitation enterprises belong to fully funded institutions, lacking competition, high operating cost, low efficiency and heavy burden on enterprises. In addition, China lacks a perfect operating mechanism of the garbage disposal market. Due to the management mode of separating government from enterprises in the field of sanitation, it is difficult for other enterprises and capital to introduce people into this field. As a result, the investment channel is single, the operation lacks competition, and the market mechanism cannot play its role in optimizing resource allocation and improving operational efficiency in this field.
To fundamentally solve the above problems, it is necessary to establish a management system of municipal solid waste that is compatible with the socialist market economy, and build a management model of unified planning and budgeting by the government, supervision by environmental protection departments, management by environmental sanitation departments, and socialized services provided by professional companies. First of all, it is necessary to realize the separation of government from enterprises, separate the garbage removal and disposal units from government departments, and change the management system of public institutions into the management system of enterprises. On the basis of separating government from enterprise, open the market, introduce competition mechanism and specialized operation mechanism, and encourage various professional companies to participate in urban waste treatment by implementing the franchise system of urban waste, so as to improve service quality and reduce operating costs. The government purchases the services of enterprises by signing agreements, and at the same time supervises and manages enterprises through agreements and regulations. At present, many cities, such as Shenzhen and Shanghai, are trying to reform the sanitation system of separating administration from enterprises, strengthen the macro-management and supervision functions of the government, and turn sanitation services into enterprises and socialization. In 1984, Shenzhen took the lead in setting up the first professional cleaning company in China to provide all-round paid services to the society. Then, with the formation and development of the clean market, 40 state-owned, collective, joint venture and individual cleaning companies came into being in Shenzhen. They implemented enterprise management, were responsible for their own profits and losses, operated flexibly, and constantly expanded new projects to meet the needs of different levels of society and promoted the development of sanitation through competition.Breaking the pattern of "single-handedness" that was monopolized by the government in the past has greatly reduced the burden on the government. By implementing the labor contract system, the sanitation management department reduced the proportion of fixed workers and contracted out the increasing tasks of garbage cleaning and removal to cleaning companies, which saved a lot of staffing and expenses for the country and effectively promoted the development of environmental pollution prevention and control by domestic garbage.
Second, the main contents of this article
1. The responsibilities stipulated in this article shall be the responsibility of the environmental sanitation administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level. Paragraph 3 of Article 10 of this Law stipulates that the administrative department of construction in the State Council and the administrative department of environmental sanitation in the local people’s government at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and management of the cleaning, collection, storage, transportation and disposal of domestic garbage, and the duties stipulated in this article also belong to the scope of supervision and management. Considering that the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste belong to specific work, it should be the responsibility of the local environmental sanitation administrative department.
2. The local environmental sanitation administrative department at or above the county level shall organize the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste. The so-called organization means that the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation is not engaged in the cleaning and collection of domestic garbage by itself, but by providing funds, formulating policies, strengthening management and other measures, giving play to the role of relevant enterprises, units and personnel, mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties, and jointly doing a good job in the cleaning and collection of urban domestic garbage. Those who are specifically engaged in the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste are not local environmental sanitation administrative departments at or above the county level, but relevant companies or personnel. These companies or personnel are specifically responsible for the relevant work under the organization of the environmental sanitation administrative department and accept the supervision and management of the environmental sanitation administrative department. This is also an inevitable requirement for sanitation work to separate government from enterprises, establish a market-oriented operation mechanism and accelerate the development of related industries.
3. The competent administrative department of environmental sanitation of the local people’s government at or above the county level may select qualified units to engage in the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of domestic garbage through bidding. Where the local environmental sanitation administrative department at or above the county level organizes the cleaning of municipal solid waste, it also includes the selection of units by means of bidding. In other words, it is only a form of "organization" mentioned above to select qualified units to engage in the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste through bidding. Now that the "organization" has been clearly defined, there is generally no need to stipulate a specific organizational form. However, the cleaning, collection and transportation of municipal solid waste belong to municipal public utilities. According to China’s current policy, municipal public utilities should generally be franchised. The state encourages social funds and foreign capital to take various forms such as sole proprietorship, joint venture and cooperation to participate in the construction of municipal public facilities and form a diversified investment structure. For the construction of municipal public facilities such as garbage disposal, we should openly invite public tenders to select investment subjects, and the government will authorize franchising. Therefore, in order to further clarify this mode of operation in the law, and at the same time take into account the social public welfare of public utilities such as cleaning and disposal of municipal solid waste, the principles of openness, fairness, impartiality, honesty and credibility that must be adhered to in bidding are emphasized.This article specifically provides that the environmental sanitation administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level can select qualified units to engage in the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of domestic garbage through bidding, and also leaves legal space for the operation mode of franchising. Accordingly, the environmental sanitation administrative department of the local government at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Bidding Law, determine qualified units to engage in the cleaning and disposal of municipal solid waste through bidding. In 2004, the Ministry of Construction formulated the Measures for the Management of Municipal Public Utilities Franchise, which made specific provisions on the franchise of municipal solid waste disposal. According to this method, those who participate in the bidding for franchise rights should meet the following conditions: an enterprise legal person registered according to law; Having corresponding registered capital, facilities and equipment; Having good bank credit standing, financial status and corresponding solvency; Have corresponding working experience and good performance; Having a corresponding number of personnel in key positions such as technology, finance and management; Having a feasible business plan; Other conditions stipulated by local laws and regulations. The competent department shall select investors or operators in accordance with the following procedures: (1) Propose a municipal public utility franchise project, report it to the people’s government of the municipality directly under the central government, city or county for approval, publicly announce the tender conditions to the public and accept the tender; (two) according to the bidding conditions, the bidders of the franchise rights shall be qualified and pre-examined, and qualified bidding candidates shall be recommended; (3) Organizing a review committee to conduct review according to law, and after questioning and public defense,Select the object of franchise right award on the basis of merit; (four) to publicize the results of winning the bid to the public for not less than 20 days; (five) after the expiration of the publicity period, if there is no objection to the winning bidder, the franchise agreement shall be signed with the winning bidder with the approval of the people’s government of the municipality directly under the central government, city or county. The franchise period shall be determined according to the characteristics of the industry, scale, mode of operation and other factors, and shall not exceed 30 years at the longest.
There are several points that need to be explained: First, at present, the operator is determined by bidding in China, mainly related to the disposal of domestic garbage. The provisions of this article are applicable to the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste. Therefore, in the future, if conditions permit, whether it is cleaning, collection or transportation of municipal solid waste, the operator can be determined by bidding as well as disposal; Second, determining the operator through bidding is not exactly the same as franchising. China’s current franchise system is mainly applicable to domestic waste disposal enterprises. As for other operators, such as domestic waste cleaning and transportation, whether it is necessary to franchise can be determined by the environmental sanitation administrative department according to the actual situation, and the law does not make mandatory provisions; Third, it is not compulsory for the local environmental sanitation administrative departments at or above the county level to determine the operators through bidding. According to the provisions of this article, the relevant environmental sanitation administrative departments can determine the operators through bidding. If the conditions in the local area are not yet available, the relevant departments can organize the cleaning and collection of domestic garbage without bidding. Fourth, bidding is only one way to determine the operators, not all, and the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation can determine the operators by other means. Of course, no matter which method is adopted, it should comply with the provisions of relevant national laws and regulations.In line with the long-term development policies of the state on the cleaning and disposal of municipal solid waste, it should be determined from the perspective of being conducive to the prevention and control of environmental pollution by municipal solid waste and combining with local actual conditions; Fifth, operators determined by means of bidding must meet the conditions stipulated by relevant laws and regulations. If they fail to meet the conditions, they shall not be granted the right to operate without authorization.
Article 40 Municipal solid waste shall be placed in designated places in accordance with the provisions of the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation, and shall not be dumped, scattered or piled up at will.
[Interpretation] This article is about the stipulation that municipal solid waste shall not be dumped, scattered or piled up at will.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) refers to the solid waste generated by units and residents in the city in their daily life or activities providing services for daily life. It is estimated that China produces about 150 million tons of municipal solid waste every year, and it is increasing at a rate of more than 4% every year. By the end of 2001, the amount of garbage in cities over the years was as high as 6.6 billion tons, occupying more than 3.5 billion square meters of land. Two-thirds of large and medium-sized cities were surrounded by garbage, and a quarter of cities had to extend the way to solve the garbage crisis to the countryside. To this end, this article stipulates that any unit or individual in the city shall place the municipal solid waste at the designated place according to the regulations of the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation, and shall not dump, scatter or pile it up at will. The term "placing in the designated place" here refers to placing in the facilities, equipment or places for collecting municipal solid waste set up or designated by the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation. For example, on both sides of urban streets, residential areas or crowded areas, there are many closed garbage containers, garbage bins and other facilities, and urban residents should put domestic garbage in these containers and not throw it around at will. The Regulations on the Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation issued by the State Council in June, 1992 stipulates that all units and individuals should dump garbage and feces at the time, place and manner specified by the administrative department of city appearance and environmental sanitation of the people’s government of the city.In August 1993, the Ministry of Construction formulated the Measures for the Administration of Urban Domestic Waste, which also stipulated that urban residents must pour domestic waste into garbage containers or designated domestic waste places according to the local location, time and other requirements. In areas where urban domestic garbage is classified and collected in bags, domestic garbage shall be put into corresponding garbage bags and put into garbage containers or designated domestic garbage places according to the classification requirements stipulated by the local authorities. Large pieces of waste such as waste furniture shall be placed in the designated collection place at the specified time, and shall not be placed at will. All units and residents in the city shall maintain environmental sanitation, abide by relevant local regulations, and shall not dump or litter. This is consistent with the provisions of this article.
Dumping as mentioned in this article refers to turning the container upside down or tilting it to let the domestic garbage out; Throwing refers to throwing out domestic garbage to make it scattered; Stacking refers to putting domestic garbage together in piles without disposal. These kinds of behaviors are not allowed. In addition, the provisions of this article apply to all units or residents in the city, but not only to units and residents who have urban hukou or permanent residence, or who have settled in the city. Because municipal solid waste (MSW) is a localized concept, all MSW within the city scope belongs to MSW. Even if the person who produces garbage comes from the countryside, or a certain kind of garbage was originally produced in the countryside, as long as the garbage is brought into the city, the management regulations of urban domestic garbage should be observed. For example, if a farmer goes to work in the city, the mineral water bottles he carries with him should be regarded as municipal solid waste and should be placed in a designated place. Of course, even in rural areas, domestic garbage should not be littered at will, but due to various conditions, it is difficult to achieve unified management measures for rural domestic garbage and urban domestic garbage at present. Therefore, the provisions of this article only apply to municipal solid waste. According to Article 49 of this Law, local laws and regulations have been authorized to make specific provisions on domestic garbage in rural areas. Anyone who violates the provisions of this article shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with Article 74 of this Law.
Forty-first cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste shall comply with the relevant provisions of the state on environmental protection and environmental sanitation management to prevent environmental pollution.
[Interpretation] This article is about cleaning, collecting, transporting and disposing of municipal solid waste to prevent environmental pollution.
Article 40 of this law has stipulated the contents of municipal solid waste to be placed in designated places. The provisions of this article are aimed at the activities of cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste. Cleaning refers to the comprehensive and thorough cleaning of municipal solid waste; Collection refers to gathering scattered domestic garbage together; Transportation refers to the transportation of domestic garbage from one place to another by means of transportation; Disposal refers to activities that conform to the provisions of Item 6 of Article 88 of this Law. Those who engage in the above activities shall abide by the relevant state regulations on environmental protection and environmental sanitation management to prevent environmental pollution. The relevant provisions of the state may cover the conditions of units engaged in the activities of cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste, as well as the requirements or standards for cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste. For example, in the Provisions on the Conditions for Incorporating the Fifteen Administrative Licenses Decided by the State Council in 2004, the Ministry of Construction stipulated the approval conditions for engaging in the cleaning, collection, transportation and treatment services of municipal solid waste: the approval conditions for engaging in the cleaning, collection and transportation services of municipal solid waste include: (1) The applicant must be an enterprise legal person registered according to law, and the registered capital of the enterprise engaged in garbage cleaning and collection is not less than RMB 1 million, and engaged in garbage. (2)The mechanical cleaning capacity reaches more than 20% of the total cleaning capacity, and the mechanical cleaning vehicles include sprinklers and cleaning vehicles. Mechanical cleaning vehicles should have the functions of automatic sprinkling, dust prevention, spill prevention and safety warning, and install a vehicle driving and cleaning process recorder; (3) The garbage collection shall adopt fully enclosed means of transport, and shall have the function of classified collection; (4) Garbage transportation should adopt fully enclosed automatic unloading vehicles or ships, which have the functions of preventing odor diffusion, spillage and leakage, and install driving and loading and unloading recorders; (5) It has a sound technology, quality, safety and monitoring management system and has been effectively implemented; (6) Having a legal road transport business license and vehicle driving license; (7) Having a fixed office and parking place for machinery, equipment, vehicles and ships. The examination and approval conditions for engaging in municipal solid waste treatment services include: (1) the applicant is an enterprise legal person registered according to law, and the registered capital of sanitary landfills and composting plants with a scale of less than 100 tons/day is not less than RMB 5 million, the registered capital of sanitary landfills and composting plants with a scale of more than 100 tons/day is not less than RMB 50 million, and the registered capital of incineration plants is not less than RMB 100 million; (2) The site selection of sanitary landfill, composting plant and incineration plant conforms to urban and rural planning, and planning permission documents have been obtained; (3) There shall be at least five personnel with professional and technical titles above junior level, including technical personnel in environmental engineering, machinery and environmental monitoring. The technical director has more than 5 years working experience in garbage disposal.And have intermediate or above professional and technical titles; (4) The municipal solid waste transfer and disposal unit has perfect management systems in terms of process operation, equipment management, environmental monitoring and protection, financial management, production safety, measurement and statistics, etc. and has been effectively implemented; (5) Domestic waste treatment facilities are equipped with biogas detection instruments, environmental monitoring facilities such as leachate monitoring wells and tail gas sampling holes, online monitoring systems and other monitoring equipment, and connected with the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation; (6) It has a perfect technical scheme for the utilization and treatment of leachate and biogas of domestic garbage, a scheme for the partition landfill of different garbage in the sanitary landfill, and a scheme for the treatment and discharge of leachate, biogas, incineration flue gas, residue and other treatment residues that meet the standards; (7) There are plans to control pollution and emergencies. For another example, administrative regulations such as Regulations on the Administration of Urban Appearance and Environmental Sanitation, Measures for the Administration of Urban Domestic Waste and other regulations, as well as the Technical Policy for the Treatment and Pollution Prevention of Urban Domestic Waste, the Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Incineration and the Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Landfill issued by the Ministry of Construction, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2000 have clearly stipulated the requirements for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by domestic waste. Take the Measures for the Administration of Municipal Domestic Waste as an example, which stipulates that domestic waste transport vehicles must be sealed, cleaned frequently, kept clean, hygienic and in good condition, and must not be scattered or omitted during transportation. The above provisions, engaged in domestic garbage cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal, must be observed.
Forty-second of the city life garbage should be cleaned up and transported in time, and gradually classified collection and transportation, and actively carry out rational utilization and implementation of harmless disposal.
[Interpretation] This article is about the requirements for the removal, collection, transportation, utilization and disposal of municipal solid waste.
First, the city life garbage should be removed in time.
In this section, a very important amendment to the provisions on the prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage is to delete the contents of urban domestic garbage storage stipulated in the original law, and to require all urban domestic garbage to be removed in time, and in principle, storage is not allowed. The reason for this modification is mainly considering the characteristics of municipal solid waste itself. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated from daily life and scattered in the daily life of urban residents, which directly affects the living environment around residents. Long-term stacking not only causes environmental pollution, but also harms the health of urban residents. Therefore, it should be removed in time. The so-called timely removal, from another point of view, means that urban domestic garbage is not allowed to be piled up at will. We should use the relevant recycling, transportation and utilization networks to remove all types of urban domestic garbage to disposal sites in time, or recycle them to prevent environmental pollution.
Two, city life garbage should be gradually classified collection and transportation.
At present, the collection and transportation methods of municipal solid waste in China are basically mixed collection and transportation. The environmental pollution caused by the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste is more prominent. We should fully realize that classified collection and transportation are the key factors to improve the waste recovery rate and the level of waste recycling, especially it is very important to separate kitchen waste with high water content from other wastes and toxic waste from general garbage. In the whole process of municipal solid waste management, garbage collection and transportation is a link that consumes the most manpower and material resources, and it is also the link that best reflects the level of urban management. There are defects in this link, so the garbage can not be removed in time and thoroughly, which directly affects public health. In order to solve this problem, this article stipulates that municipal solid waste should be collected and transported by classification step by step, so as to realize garbage classification at the source and reduce the cost of final disposal and recycling. All cities should actively carry out this work, and combine the classified collection and classified disposal of garbage, and classify it according to the disposal methods. Garbage collection and transportation should be sealed to prevent exposure, scattering and dripping. Encourage the use of compressed collection and transportation methods, and eliminate open collection and transportation methods as soon as possible. At the same time, hazardous wastes should be prohibited from entering domestic garbage, and an independent system should be gradually established to collect, transport and dispose of hazardous wastes generated in daily life, such as waste batteries, fluorescent tubes and pesticide containers.
Three, city life garbage should actively carry out rational utilization and implementation of harmless disposal.
At present, the main problems existing in the disposal of municipal solid waste in China are serious shortage of disposal facilities, single disposal method and low technical level. To solve these problems, the first thing is to strengthen the recycling of municipal solid waste. If it cannot be recycled, measures should be taken for harmless disposal to prevent environmental pollution. Cities should actively develop comprehensive utilization technology, encourage the recycling of waste paper, scrap metal, waste glass and waste plastics, and gradually establish and improve the recycling network of waste materials. It is necessary to encourage the utilization of waste heat from domestic waste incineration and the recycling of landfill gas, as well as the high-temperature composting and anaerobic digestion of organic waste to produce biogas. In the process of recycling and comprehensive utilization of municipal solid waste, secondary pollution should be avoided and controlled. In the aspect of harmless disposal, we should distinguish different conditions, adopt different disposal technologies such as sanitary landfill, incineration and composting, and strictly abide by the relevant national environmental protection and environmental sanitation standards, such as the Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Incineration and the Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Landfill.
Article 43 The people’s governments of cities should improve the fuel structure in a planned way and develop urban gas, natural gas, liquefied gas and other clean energy sources.
The relevant departments of the city people’s government shall organize clean vegetables to enter the city to reduce the municipal solid waste.
The relevant departments of the people’s government of the city shall make overall planning, reasonably arrange the purchase outlets, and promote the recycling of domestic garbage.
[Interpretation] This article is about the provisions of the city people’s government and its relevant departments to improve the fuel structure, organize clean vegetables to enter the city, and make overall plans to arrange garbage purchase outlets.
In accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 4 of this Law, the people’s governments at or above the county level shall adopt economic and technical policies and measures conducive to the prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste, and perform their duties in the prevention and control of environmental pollution by municipal solid waste. This article is a further stipulation on the responsibilities of the city government on several specific issues. The cities referred to here refer to municipalities directly under the central government, cities and towns established by the state according to the administrative system. The provisions of this article, the city people’s government and its relevant departments shall do the following work:
First, improve the fuel structure and develop clean energy
At present, inorganic matter accounts for about 40% of municipal solid waste in China. A considerable part of these inorganic substances are ash and coal ash produced by fuel use. This part of domestic garbage is not only easy to cause air pollution, but also difficult to be disposed of by composting and incineration because of its low organic matter content and low calorific value. If the comprehensive utilization measures cannot keep up, it can only occupy land for landfill. Therefore, in order to reduce the amount of domestic waste, it is necessary to improve the structure of urban fuels, vigorously develop clean energy and reduce the use of high-pollution fuels such as coal. To this end, the first paragraph of this article stipulates that the urban people’s government should improve the fuel structure in a planned way and develop urban gas, natural gas, liquefied gas and other clean energy sources. The so-called "planned" means that the urban people’s government should proceed from the current situation of environmental pollution caused by domestic garbage in its administrative area, comprehensively consider the local social and economic development level and resource situation, formulate practical plans, improve the fuel structure and develop clean energy. The types of clean energy are listed in the first paragraph, such as gas, natural gas, liquefied gas, etc., but the actual work is not limited to these kinds, and other clean energy sources such as electricity can be developed in conditional areas. In fact, although the provisions of the first paragraph are aimed at the prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage, improving the fuel structure and developing clean energy are not only conducive to the prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage, but also in the prevention and control of air pollution.It means more. Article 25 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution clearly stipulates that relevant departments in the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels should take measures to improve the urban energy structure and promote the production and use of clean energy. The people’s governments of key cities for the prevention and control of air pollution may designate areas within their respective jurisdictions where the sale and use of highly polluting fuels specified by the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the State Council are prohibited. Units and individuals in this area shall stop burning highly polluting fuels and switch to natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity or other clean energy sources within the time limit prescribed by the local people’s government.
Second, organize clean vegetables to enter the city
At present, some of the municipal solid waste in our country is the soil of plant roots, rotten and abandoned plant branches and leaves left by various vegetables, fruits and other crops when they enter the urban area. They may be scattered along the way, or discarded in the process of sales and use, and most of them become kitchen waste. Therefore, in order to reduce domestic waste, in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of this article, the relevant departments of the urban people’s government should organize clean vegetables to enter the city to reduce urban domestic waste. Different from the first paragraph, the responsibilities stipulated in this paragraph belong to the relevant departments of the city government, including environmental sanitation, trade, agriculture and other departments. Under the unified leadership of the government, they should strengthen communication and cooperation, cooperate with each other, do a good job in organizing clean vegetables to enter the city, give full play to the role of the market mechanism, mobilize the enthusiasm of relevant parties, such as vegetable farmers, transportation enterprises, supermarkets and other units and individuals, and reduce domestic garbage while meeting the production and living needs of the people. The so-called clean vegetables refer to vegetables, fruits and other crops that have been cleaned or packaged and do not contain root soil, rotten branches and leaves.
Three, overall planning, reasonable arrangement of domestic waste purchase outlets
It is very important to realize the recycling of solid waste, strengthen the recycling and comprehensive utilization of municipal solid waste, and establish and improve the recycling network of municipal solid waste. To this end, the third paragraph of this article stipulates that the relevant departments of the city people’s government should make overall plans, rationally arrange acquisition outlets, and promote the recycling of domestic garbage. The relevant departments of the city government shall, under the unified leadership of the local government, proceed from the actual situation of their respective administrative areas, adjust measures to local conditions, seek truth from facts, make overall plans, and rationally arrange the purchasing outlets of waste materials. For various reasons, the recycling station of waste materials, which played an important role in the planned economy era, has been difficult to influence the recycling of domestic garbage at present. The relevant departments of the city people’s government should proceed from the reality, rationally and effectively integrate the local waste materials recycling network, and make overall arrangements for various forms of acquisition outlets. We should give full play to the power of the market, promote the recycling of domestic garbage, and at the same time solve various existing problems.
Forty-fourth the construction of domestic waste disposal facilities, places, must comply with the environmental protection and environmental hygiene standards stipulated by the administrative department of environmental protection in the State Council and the administrative department of construction in the State Council.
It is forbidden to close, leave idle or dismantle the facilities and places for the disposal of domestic garbage without authorization; If it is really necessary to close, leave idle or dismantle, it must be approved by the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation and the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the local people’s government at or above the county level, and measures should be taken to prevent environmental pollution.
[Interpretation] This article is about the management of domestic waste disposal facilities and places.
First, the construction of domestic waste disposal facilities and places must comply with the provisions of environmental protection and environmental hygiene standards.
The first paragraph of this article stipulates that the construction of facilities and places for the disposal of domestic garbage must conform to the environmental protection and sanitation standards stipulated by the administrative department of environmental protection in the State Council and the administrative department of construction in the State Council. In practical work, the disposal of domestic waste mainly includes sanitary landfill, incineration and composting. The specific choice of disposal method depends on many factors such as the type and quantity of domestic waste, the feasibility of technology, the reliability of equipment and so on, and needs to be determined reasonably according to local conditions. You can choose one of them, or you can combine them in a variety of ways. In general, sanitary landfill is the basic scheme of domestic waste disposal in areas with suitable sanitary landfill resources and natural conditions; Incineration disposal technology can be developed in areas with economic conditions, average low calorific value of garbage higher than 5000 kcal/kg and lack of sanitary landfill resources; Garbage with biodegradable organic matter content greater than 40% should be vigorously composted. No matter what kind of disposal method, the construction of disposal facilities or sites must comply with the provisions of Articles 13 and 14 of this Law and the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, and implement the systems and procedures for environmental protection management of construction projects, and must also meet the relevant environmental protection and sanitation standards. Where domestic garbage is disposed by sanitary landfill, the planning, design, construction, operation and management of the landfill,We must strictly abide by the provisions of relevant standards such as Technical Standard for Sanitary Landfill of Municipal Solid Waste, Pollution Control Standard for Landfill of Municipal Solid Waste and Technical Standard for Environmental Monitoring of Landfill of Municipal Solid Waste. For example, the Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Landfill clearly stipulates the environmental protection requirements for the engineering design of domestic waste landfill: the design of domestic waste landfill should include anti-seepage engineering, landfill leachate transportation, collection and treatment system, and the permeability coefficient of its anti-seepage layer is less than or equal to K≤10 cm/s, and the anti-seepage engineering should adopt the process of combining horizontal anti-seepage with vertical anti-seepage; The basement of the landfill is a stable compressive layer, and the bottom of the landfill should not be deformed due to the decomposition and subsidence of garbage. The lowest part of the landfill should be provided with a liquid collection tank, and a main pipe should be installed in it to lead to the ground, which is 100 cm higher than the ground, so as to extract leachate. The gas conveying system of landfill should be equipped with exhaust pipes with the same horizontal and vertical directions, and the exhaust main pipe should be 100 cm above the ground for gas production and gas treatment, etc. These regulations should be observed during landfill construction. When disposing of domestic waste by incineration, the flue gas, sewage, slag, fly ash, odor and noise shall be controlled and treated in strict accordance with the requirements of the Standards for Pollution Control of Domestic Waste Incineration to prevent environmental pollution. For example, the Standard for Pollution Control of Domestic Waste Incineration stipulates that the site selection of domestic waste incineration plants should meet the requirements of local urban and rural construction master plan and environmental protection plan, and meet the requirements of local air pollution prevention, water resources protection and nature protection. Disposal of domestic garbage by composting,The operation and maintenance of waste composting plant should follow the Technical Regulations for Operation, Maintenance and Safety of Municipal Solid Waste Composting Plant. The leachate generated during composting should meet the requirements of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard and Technical Evaluation Index of Municipal Solid Waste Composting Plant, the odor generated during composting should meet the requirements of Odor Pollutant Discharge Standard, and the composting products should meet the requirements of control standards for urban wastes for agricultural use and Municipal Solid Waste Composting Plant.
In short, in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph, the construction of domestic waste disposal facilities and places must meet both types of standards. One is the environmental protection standards stipulated by the administrative department of environmental protection in the State Council, such as the Pollution Control Standard of Domestic Waste Incineration and the Pollution Control Standard of Domestic Waste Landfill. The other is the environmental sanitation standard stipulated by the administrative department of construction in the State Council, such as Sanitary Standard for Harmless Feces and Technical Standard for Sanitary Landfill of Municipal Domestic Waste. Generally speaking, the implementation of environmental hygiene standards is mainly to control the harm of disposal facilities and places to human body, and the environmental protection standards are mainly to prevent environmental pollution.
Two, shut down, idle or demolition of domestic waste disposal facilities and places of approval system.
The second paragraph of this Article is an organic whole with Articles 21 and 34 of this Law. Article 21 puts forward the legal obligation to strengthen maintenance and management, and Article 34 stipulates the approval system for closing, leaving idle or dismantling facilities and sites for preventing and controlling environmental pollution by industrial solid waste. Here, the approval system for closing, leaving idle or dismantling domestic waste disposal facilities and sites is specifically stipulated, including:
1. It is forbidden to shut down, leave idle or dismantle domestic waste disposal facilities and places without authorization.
The disposal of domestic garbage, whether landfill, incineration or composting, can not be separated from various facilities or places. Once these facilities or places are closed, left idle or dismantled, it means the end of the domestic waste disposal process. Therefore, in order to prevent environmental pollution caused by random dumping, stacking and storage of domestic garbage, in principle, it is forbidden to close, leave idle or dismantle all kinds of domestic garbage disposal facilities and places. Taking the landfill of domestic waste as an example, the construction of the landfill should not only meet the environmental protection and sanitation standards in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of this article, but also carry out closure treatment and ecological environment restoration in accordance with the provisions of the Technical Policy on Urban Domestic Waste Treatment and Pollution Prevention and Control and the Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Landfill, continue to guide and treat leachate and landfill gas, and continue to monitor groundwater, surface water and atmosphere regularly until the landfill is stable. It can be seen that the facilities and places for the disposal of domestic garbage need to be maintained even after the operation is terminated. If they are closed, left idle or dismantled without authorization, it may cause environmental pollution, such as foundation subsidence, landslide and groundwater pollution. If it is demolished without authorization, and the degree of stability is not reached, the land occupied by the disposal site will be further utilized for development and construction, and the harm will be more serious. Therefore, after the facilities or places for domestic garbage disposal are completed, the maintenance and management must be strengthened.Maintain normal operation or use, and prohibit unauthorized closure, idleness or demolition. The term "closure" here refers to the closure of domestic waste disposal facilities or places so that they will not continue to operate; Idle means that the domestic garbage disposal facilities and places are in an idle state, not operating or not operating normally; Demolition refers to the demolition of the whole or its core components of domestic waste disposal facilities and places, so that they no longer exist in space, geography and objects or cannot operate and use normally. The above three acts are prohibited by law.
In addition, it should be noted that the provisions of the second paragraph of this article are applicable to any unit or individual, and in practice, they are mainly users of domestic waste disposal facilities and places. According to the provisions of Article 21 of this Law, users have a legal obligation to strengthen the management and maintenance of relevant facilities and sites to ensure their normal operation and use. Therefore, users must abide by the provisions of this article, and shall not shut down, leave idle or dismantle the domestic waste disposal facilities or places without authorization. Compared with Articles 21 and 34 of this Law, it can be found that Article 21 is applicable to all kinds of facilities, equipment and places for the prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste. Article 34 emphasizes the facilities and places for the prevention and control of environmental pollution by industrial solid waste, while the second paragraph of this article is aimed at the facilities and places for the disposal of domestic garbage. Obviously, apart from limiting the application object to domestic garbage, the scope of applicable facilities and places has also been narrowed, and it is only applicable to disposal facilities and places. Of course, the provisions of this article apply to all domestic waste disposal facilities and places, including urban domestic waste and rural domestic waste.
2. Approval system for closing, leaving idle or dismantling.
The application of the approval system stipulated in this article must meet the following requirements: (1) It is really necessary to close, leave idle or dismantle. In principle, it is forbidden to close, leave idle or dismantle domestic garbage disposal facilities or sites, but in some special circumstances, if it is really necessary to close, leave idle or dismantle them, the approval procedures stipulated in the second paragraph of this article shall be fulfilled. The so-called "really necessary" usually refers to some specific situations. Under these circumstances, it is not necessary for the domestic waste disposal facilities or places to continue to exist or operate. Even if it continues to operate or use, it may not only increase the economic burden of enterprises for no reason, but also play no role in preventing and controlling environmental pollution caused by domestic garbage. Therefore, it is reasonable to close, leave idle or dismantle these facilities or places, and it will not cause environmental pollution caused by domestic garbage. For example, the land occupied by domestic waste sanitary landfill has been used up, and there is no new land for further landfill. In this case, the landfill should be closed, closed and the ecological environment restored. For another example, the relevant units actively carry out the recycling of domestic garbage, and the amount of garbage entering the domestic garbage incinerator for incineration is greatly reduced, so it is necessary to idle the incinerator for a certain period of time. In a word, which cases are "really necessary" should be judged according to the types, quantities and disposal methods of domestic garbage and the provisions of relevant laws and regulations. A fundamental principle is that,Even if the domestic garbage disposal facilities and places are closed, left idle or dismantled, it will not cause domestic garbage to pollute the environment. (2) Approved by the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation and the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the local people’s government at or above the county level. In accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of this article, if it is really necessary to close, leave idle or dismantle the facilities or places for domestic garbage disposal, it must be approved by the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation and the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the local people’s government at or above the county level. Accordingly, the approved department is the environmental sanitation administrative department and environmental protection administrative department of the local government at or above the county level where the facility or place is located, including the county environmental sanitation department and environmental protection department, excluding the Ministry of Construction and the State Environmental Protection Administration. If the relevant units intend to close, leave idle or dismantle the domestic garbage disposal facilities and places, they should apply to the environmental sanitation and environmental protection companies, and they can only close, leave idle or dismantle them after being jointly examined and approved by the two companies. The reason for making this provision is mainly to consider the division of responsibilities of different administrative departments. According to the provisions of Article 10 of this Law, the supervision and management of domestic waste disposal shall be the responsibility of the construction administrative department of the State Council and the environmental sanitation administrative department of the local government at or above the county level. Therefore, the closure, idleness or dismantling of domestic waste disposal facilities and places shall be reported to the environmental sanitation department for approval. At the same time, considering the important role of various domestic waste disposal facilities and places in preventing and controlling domestic waste pollution and their own environmental protection requirements,The law also requires the competent administrative department of environmental protection to supervise the facilities and places for domestic garbage disposal from the perspective of preventing pollution. Therefore, the closure, idleness or demolition of the above facilities and places should also be approved by the environmental protection department. (3) Take measures to prevent environmental pollution. Units and individuals that close, leave idle or dismantle domestic garbage disposal facilities and places after the joint approval of relevant departments shall also take measures to prevent environmental pollution caused by domestic garbage or closed, idle or dismantled disposal facilities and places. For example, after the domestic waste landfill stops running, it should be closed and the ecological environment should be restored. When the landfill is closed, the surface should be well treated, and the surface should be covered with 30 cm thick natural soil, and then covered with 15-20 cm clay, and compacted to prevent precipitation from entering the landfill. Before the landfill is stabilized, it shall not be used as construction land.
Anyone who violates the provisions of this article shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 74 of this Law.
Article 45 The substances recovered from domestic garbage must be used according to the purposes or standards stipulated by the state, and may not be used to produce products that may endanger human health.
[Interpretation] This article is about the provisions that substances recovered from domestic garbage must be used in accordance with the purposes or standards stipulated by the state.
As domestic garbage contains useful substances, in accordance with the requirements of solid waste recycling, the domestic garbage that has been generated should be strengthened for recycling and comprehensive utilization. At the same time, in the process of recycling and comprehensive utilization, secondary pollution should be avoided and controlled. In practice, there are several common ways to recycle domestic garbage: one is to recycle the resources in garbage, such as scrap metal, waste plastics, waste paper and so on; The second is to generate energy through garbage incineration, for example, to use the heat energy generated by garbage incinerator to produce steam, which can be used for industrial production boilers, civil heating, etc., or directly used for power generation; Third, using garbage to make industrial raw materials, such as rubber, which is not easy to decompose and is not suitable for landfill, and is easy to produce a large number of air pollutants when burned, and thermochemically decompose the organic matter in the garbage through low-temperature pyrolysis to produce fuel oil, solid carbon and low-grade fuel gas; The fourth is to recycle landfill gas, which has a high calorific value and can be fully recycled. For rural domestic garbage, in addition to recycling urban garbage, biogas, organic fertilizer and feed can also be made. It can be seen that the recycling of domestic waste is an effective measure to prevent and control the environmental pollution caused by domestic waste.
However, when recycling domestic garbage, because the garbage itself is harmful, the substances extracted from domestic garbage or made from domestic garbage will cause environmental pollution and may endanger human health if they are not handled properly. In order to prevent the recycling of domestic garbage from causing unnecessary harm, this article stipulates that the substances recovered from domestic garbage must be used in accordance with the purposes or standards stipulated by the state. China has formulated a series of standards for the use of domestic waste recycling materials. For example, all kinds of compost products made by decomposed domestic waste and domestic waste composting plants for farmland application must comply with the provisions of control standards for urban wastes for agricultural use (UB8172-1987) before they can be applied in farmland. This standard involves 15 indicators. According to this standard, only nine indicators of domestic garbage and compost products (including plastic, glass, metal, rubber, etc.), particle size, mortality rate of ascaris lumbricoides eggs, coliform value, total cadmium, total mercury, total lead, total chromium and total arsenic can be applied to farmland, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and PH value. The amount of garbage that meets the standards should not exceed 4 tons per mu of farmland and 3 tons for cohesive soil and sandy soil each year.Advocate the application in flowers, grasslands, gardens, new vegetable fields and clay fields. Gravel soil, old vegetable fields and paddy fields with a particle size greater than 1 mm are not suitable for application. It can be seen that the use of these garbage and compost products is strictly controlled by the state, and these standards must be observed when using them. In addition, this article also stipulates that substances recovered from domestic garbage shall not be used to produce products that may endanger human health. The so-called "may not be used to produce products that may endanger human health" has two meanings: first, for the recycled materials and the products themselves, that is, the materials recovered from domestic garbage or the products produced from the recycled materials must be non-toxic and harmless, and must not pose a real or potential threat to human health; Another meaning means that the substances recovered from domestic garbage and the products produced by using the substances must meet the prescribed standards, and they must not endanger human health after use. That is to say, the substances recovered from garbage or the products produced by using the substances themselves may have certain toxicity, such as chemical products such as paints produced by recycling domestic garbage, which are hardly considered to be completely harmless to human health. However, as long as these substances and products meet the national standards, they will not pose a threat to human health under normal use. The above two situations, as long as one of them is met, are in line with the provisions of this article.
Forty-sixth engineering construction units shall timely remove the solid waste generated in the process of engineering construction, and use or dispose of it in accordance with the provisions of the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation.
[Interpretation] This article is about the prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste in engineering construction.
Solid waste produced in the process of engineering construction, usually called construction waste, refers to muck, waste soil, waste materials, silt and other wastes produced in the process of construction, laying or demolition and repair of various buildings, structures and pipe networks by engineering construction units or individuals. According to the principle that the polluter is responsible according to law, the project construction unit has a legal obligation to take measures to prevent and control environmental pollution for the solid waste generated in the construction process. The obligations stipulated in this article include:
A, timely removal of solid waste generated in the process of engineering construction.
For domestic garbage, it is very important to change the law this time that it is no longer allowed to be stored, and all urban domestic garbage should be removed in time, including solid waste generated in the process of engineering construction. If construction waste is stored for a long time without disposal, the dust generated will easily pollute the atmospheric environment, and it may also pollute the soil and groundwater if it is piled up for a long time. Therefore, these garbage should be removed in time. The Regulations on the Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation also stipulates that the materials and machines on the construction site of the city should be neatly stacked, and the muck should be removed in time. The shutdown site shall be sorted out in time and covered as necessary. After completion, the site shall be cleaned and leveled in time. Anyone who violates this provision shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 74 of this Law.
Second, in accordance with the provisions of the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation, the solid wastes generated during the construction of the project are mainly some muck, waste soil, waste materials, residual mud, sand and stones, ceramics, etc. Most of these wastes can be recycled, for example, for road construction and manufacturing building materials. In order to prevent environmental pollution caused by the utilization or disposal process, this article stipulates that the recycling or disposal of solid waste by engineering construction units shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the competent administrative department of environmental sanitation. In 1996, the Ministry of Construction formulated the "Regulations on the Management of Urban Construction Waste". According to this regulation, the construction or construction unit that produces construction waste should declare the construction waste disposal plan to the competent environmental sanitation administrative department before the project starts, and sign the environmental sanitation responsibility letter. The competent administrative department of environmental sanitation shall issue the disposal certificate in time after receiving the declaration documents. Where the construction waste is transported into the construction waste storage and transportation (stacking) site set up by the administrative department of environmental sanitation for consumption and disposal, the disposal fee shall be paid according to the regulations. In June, 2004, the State Council issued the Decision on Setting Administrative License for Administrative Approval Items that Need to Be Retained, which also retained the approval item of urban construction waste disposal. In 2004, the Ministry of Construction in the Provisions on the Conditions for Incorporating the Fifteen Administrative Licenses Decided by the State Council,It is further clarified that the construction unit, construction unit or construction waste transport unit must meet the following conditions when applying for the approval of urban construction waste disposal: First, submit a written application (including the time, route and disposal place name of construction waste transportation, the contract signed between the construction unit and the transport unit, and the land use certificate of the construction waste disposal site); Second, there is a site plan and a road map of the disposal site, with corresponding machinery and equipment such as paving, rolling, dust removal, lighting, drainage, fire fighting and other facilities, and a sound environmental sanitation and safety management system that has been effectively implemented; Third, it has the scheme of classified disposal of construction waste and the scheme of recycling waste concrete, metal and wood; Fourth, it has a legal road transport business license and vehicle driving license; Fifth, it has a sound transportation vehicle operation, safety, quality, maintenance and administrative management system and has been effectively implemented; Sixthly, the transport vehicles are equipped with fully enclosed transport mechanical devices or closed covering devices, installation of traveling and loading and unloading recorders and corresponding classified transport equipment for construction waste. Anyone who violates the provisions of this article shall be investigated for legal responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 74 of this Law.
Forty-seventh business units engaged in public transportation shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, clean and collect domestic garbage generated in the process of transportation.
[Interpretation] This article is about the provision that business units engaged in public transportation should clean and collect domestic garbage generated in the process of transportation.
The so-called public transport refers to the use of open means of transport for the public to ride or use, including cars, rail trains, ships, planes, trams and other transportation activities. Under normal circumstances, public transportation is paid for, and there are fixed units engaged in business management. In order to prevent environmental pollution, this article stipulates that business units engaged in public transportation shall, in accordance with relevant state regulations, clean and collect domestic garbage generated during transportation. The relevant provisions of the state mentioned here refer to the specific provisions of the state on the prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage. It involves many aspects, including not only the specific provisions for a certain means of transportation, but also the behavioral norms or standards for cleaning and collecting domestic garbage generated during transportation. For example, the Regulations on the Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation stipulates that the garbage and excrement on various ships driving or berthing in urban waters shall be disposed of by the person in charge of the ship in accordance with the regulations. In 1997, the Regulations on Railway Environmental Protection issued by the Ministry of Railways stipulated that the management of garbage during passenger transportation should be strengthened, and passenger car garbage should be collected on the car and not discarded outside the car, polluting the environment along the line. In 1997, patriotic health campaign committee, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Railways and the State Environmental Protection Bureau jointly issued the Regulations on Maintaining Environmental Sanitation of Passenger Trains, Stations and Railways.The station should improve the measures of garbage collection, removal and pollution prevention, set up garbage containers in appropriate places, collect and remove the travel and domestic garbage in time, and have a special person in charge. The garbage of passenger trains should be packaged with garbage bags, put at designated stations along the line, and treated uniformly. It is strictly forbidden to throw it outside the train. In 1997, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Construction and the State Environmental Protection Bureau jointly issued the Regulations on the Prevention of Pollution of the Yangtze River Waters by Ship Garbage and Coastal Solid Waste, which stipulated that all ships of 400 tons and above and ships approved to carry 15 passengers or more must have the Ship Garbage Management Plan approved by the port and shipping supervision department and the Ship Garbage Record Book issued. Ship garbage disposal operations shall conform to the operating procedures specified in the Ship Garbage Management Plan, and the relevant operations shall be recorded truthfully. The Ship Garbage Record Book shall be kept on board for two years. Ships should be equipped with garbage storage containers that are covered, leak-proof and spill-free, or bagged and transported to garbage receiving facilities in time. Facilities or containers for storing ship garbage and solid waste must be kept in good condition, and their appearance and surrounding environment should be clean, and they shall not be moved, dismantled or closed at will. All these regulations must be observed by relevant business units engaged in public transportation.
In addition, the business units engaged in public transportation have the obligation to clean and collect the domestic garbage generated in the transportation process. But it does not include legal obligations such as utilization and disposal. Under normal circumstances, after cleaning and collecting garbage, the business unit will transport it by itself or entrust a special transport company to the garbage disposal site designated by the administrative department of environmental sanitation for disposal or recycling. However, it is absolutely not allowed to dump, scatter or pile up at will. For example, the Regulations on the Prevention of Pollution of the Yangtze River Waters by Ship Garbage and Coastal Solid Waste stipulates that all units and individuals engaged in ship garbage collection, transportation and treatment services must transport the ship garbage to the garbage transfer station or treatment yard designated by the local city appearance and environmental sanitation administrative department, and shall not dump it at will.
Article 48 Units engaged in the development of new urban areas, the reconstruction of old urban areas and the development and construction of residential quarters, as well as the management units of public facilities and places such as airports, docks, stations, parks and shops, shall, in accordance with the relevant state regulations on environmental sanitation, build supporting domestic garbage collection facilities.
[Interpretation] This article is about the provisions that regional development and construction units and public facilities and places management units should build domestic garbage collection facilities.
The provisions of this article apply to two types of units: one is engaged in the development of new urban areas, the reconstruction of old urban areas and the development and construction of residential quarters; The other is the management unit of public facilities and places such as airports, docks, stations, parks and shops. In order to prevent domestic waste from polluting the environment, we must first solve the problem of domestic waste collection. Besides classification, strengthening the construction of collection facilities is also a very important aspect. If residents can conveniently put the generated domestic garbage into the collection facilities, it will undoubtedly improve the efficiency of garbage collection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of garbage collection facilities in residential areas, industrial development zones, airports, docks and other densely populated areas with a large amount of domestic garbage, so as to promote the recycling of garbage. This article stipulates that the above two types of units have a legal obligation to build domestic garbage collection facilities in accordance with the relevant state regulations on environmental sanitation. The so-called "supporting" construction means that when building new urban areas, rebuilding old urban areas and developing residential quarters, and managing public facilities and places such as airports, the construction of domestic garbage collection facilities should be considered as a whole from the design of the main project. The Regulations on the Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation also stipulates that the people’s government of a city should build environmental sanitation facilities such as cleaning, collection, transportation and treatment of domestic wastes when developing new urban areas or transforming old urban areas, and the required funds should be included in the budgetary estimate of construction projects.At the same time, it is also stipulated that public places such as airports, railway stations, bus stops, ports, theaters, museums, exhibition halls, memorial halls, gymnasiums (fields) and parks shall be cleaned by the unit. The water surface within the operation scope of the urban port passenger and cargo terminal shall be instructed by the port passenger and cargo terminal business unit to clean and clean the water surface. In addition, the state has also formulated the "Standards for Setting Urban Environmental Sanitation Facilities", which sets requirements for the construction standards of domestic garbage collection facilities. These regulations shall be observed by regional development and construction units and business units of public facilities and places when supporting the construction of domestic garbage collection facilities.
In addition, the relevant units should support the construction of domestic garbage collection facilities. As for other facilities such as transportation and disposal, the provisions of this article shall not apply. The difference between this article and other laws and regulations is that the responsibility for supporting the construction of domestic waste collection facilities is entrusted to regional development and construction units or business units of public facilities and places. To this end, the development and construction unit or business unit shall include the cost of supporting construction in the project budget, and implement the requirements of supporting the construction of domestic garbage collection facilities. The main responsibility of governments at all levels is to strengthen supervision and management, and they are no longer responsible for specific construction work, except, of course, municipal projects developed and constructed by the government or relevant departments. This has changed the previous situation that the construction of domestic garbage collection facilities was regarded as a public affair, which was completely covered by government finance, and developers and business units also had legal construction obligations. This will play a positive role in promoting the industrial development of domestic waste collection and disposal.
Article 49 Specific measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution by rural domestic garbage shall be formulated by local regulations.
[Interpretation] This article is about authorizing local laws and regulations to stipulate specific measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by rural domestic garbage.
1. Solid waste in rural areas of China is mainly composed of rural domestic waste, solid waste from agricultural production, solid waste generated by township enterprises and urban domestic waste abandoned in rural areas. This law has made corresponding provisions on the prevention and control of the latter three kinds of rural solid waste pollution. For example, Article 20 of this Law provides for the prevention and control of solid waste pollution caused by agricultural production, and the provisions of this Law on the prevention and control of environmental pollution by industrial solid waste can be applied to solid waste produced by township enterprises. At present, the most important solid waste in rural areas in China is rural domestic waste. In the past, rural domestic garbage was mainly lime soil, muck and a very small amount of animal and plant residues, which had little impact on the environment. With the development of economy and the improvement of farmers’ living standards, the composition of rural domestic waste has changed significantly: first, a large number of discarded plastics, glass, waste paper, bricks and tiles and other refractory wastes have been added; Second, there are packages containing toxic and harmful substances such as pesticides, detergents and paints in the garbage; Third, in some economically developed rural areas, household organic waste emissions such as kitchen waste have increased significantly; Fourth, in some places, manure is no longer used as fertilizer, and manure becomes waste. After the change, the pressure of rural domestic garbage on the environment is obviously increased, and they are usually discarded at the edge of villages, roadsides and rivers, causing mosquitoes and flies, deteriorating sanitary conditions and polluting soil and water bodies.It has caused serious pollution in many places, and even led to the epidemic of diseases in some places. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by rural domestic garbage, which is also one of the key points of this law revision.
Second, in view of the increasingly serious pollution of rural life, in the revised draft submitted by the Environment and Resources Protection Committee of the National People’s Congress to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for deliberation in October 2004, most of the provisions in the third section of this chapter were extended to rural domestic waste, and the basic idea was to incorporate rural domestic waste into the whole urban and rural solid waste management system. In this regard, there are some different views in the process of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s deliberation. Some people think that with the development of agricultural industrialization and the improvement of rural living standards, the pollution problem caused by rural garbage has become very prominent, and the state should take measures to strengthen management. There are also opinions that at present, the level of rural economic development in China is not high and the infrastructure is weak, so the conditions are not mature enough to bring rural domestic garbage into the solid waste management system and carry out urban-rural integrated management. There are also suggestions to extend the application of this law on the prevention and control of rural domestic garbage from cities to small towns. This revision of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, based on the actual situation in China’s vast rural areas and considering the pollution situation of rural domestic garbage, mainly includes: "The people’s governments at or above the county level should make overall arrangements for the construction of facilities for the collection, transportation and disposal of urban and rural domestic garbage, improve the utilization rate and harmless disposal rate of domestic garbage, and promote the industrial development of domestic garbage collection and disposal.Gradually establish and improve the social service system for the prevention and control of environmental pollution by domestic garbage. "(Article 38)" It is forbidden for any unit or individual to dump or pile solid wastes in rivers, lakes, canals, canals, reservoirs, beaches and bank slopes below the highest water level and other places where dumping and stacking of wastes are prohibited by laws and regulations. " (Article 17) The specific provisions on the cleaning, collection, transportation and disposal of domestic garbage are clearly applicable only to cities, reflecting the different requirements for cities and rural areas. At the same time, some members of the Standing Committee suggested that the pollution prevention and control of rural domestic garbage should be stipulated separately according to the different conditions of rural areas in developed areas and underdeveloped areas. The Law Committee of the National People’s Congress, together with the Environment and Resources Protection Committee of the National People’s Congress and the State Environmental Protection Administration, believes that the conditions are not yet met to make the same mandatory provisions on the treatment of urban and rural domestic garbage. However, where conditions permit, the Standing Committee of the local people’s congress may formulate local laws and regulations according to local conditions to stipulate the measures for the prevention and control of rural domestic waste pollution. Therefore, one article has been added to the law recommended by the NPC Law Committee and deliberated and adopted by the Standing Committee, which stipulates: "The specific measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by rural domestic garbage shall be stipulated by local regulations."
Third, the overall level of social and economic development in rural areas of China is relatively backward, the infrastructure construction is seriously inadequate, and the development of various regions is very uneven. Under this realistic situation, the management of rural domestic garbage should have a gradual process, starting from the actual situation in various places, and it is impossible to require the universal application of unified regulations throughout the country; The prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by rural domestic garbage mainly lies in local areas. By formulating local laws and regulations, not only the operability of relevant regulations can be enhanced, but also the administrative guarantee problems of investors can be effectively solved. In addition to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 17 and Article 38 of this Law, this article also authorizes local people’s congresses and their standing committees to formulate specific measures for the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by rural domestic garbage according to the actual situation in the region. The local regulations referred to in this article, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the Legislative Law, refer to the regulations formulated by the people’s congresses of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and their standing committees that are applicable to their respective administrative regions according to the specific conditions and actual needs of their respective administrative regions, on the premise that they are inconsistent with different constitutions, laws and administrative regulations. The people’s congresses and their standing committees of larger cities, that is, cities where the people’s governments of provinces and autonomous regions are located, cities where special economic zones are located and larger cities approved by the State Council, shall, according to the specific conditions and actual needs of this city,Under the premise that different constitutions, laws, administrative regulations and local regulations of this province and autonomous region are in conflict, the regulations applicable to this administrative region formulated and approved by legal procedures also belong to local regulations.
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Chapter III Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste Section III Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Domestic Waste
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Alipay and WeChat health codes have changed! Upgrade medical health
From 0: 00 on December 13, 2022, the communication itinerary card completed its historical mission and officially went offline.
Now, the health code has quietly retired to the second line.
In Alipay and WeChat, the direct entrance of the health code has disappeared and turned into "medical health", providing one-stop medical and health services., users can continue to access the health code and the following medical services:
-No queuing for registration fees in 3A public hospitals.
-One-click check of services such as changes in medical insurance balance
-You don’t have to run once to get the medicine home.
-Cardiopulmonary special physical examination after Yangkang to prevent severe illness
If you still need to display the health code and inquire about the nucleic acid test results, Alipay keeps the entry in the secondary menu, and you can continue to access it.
You can continue to find the nucleic acid detection portal on WeChat, but you can’t see the health code at all.
According to National Health Commission’s notification,Since January 8, 2023, China has officially implemented "Class B and B Management" for Covid-19 infection, and the focus of its work has shifted from "infection prevention" to "health protection and severe disease prevention", and from risk areas and personnel control to health service and management.
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The 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland, 25 classic Hong Kong films that can’t be missed!
Special feature of 1905 film network"After 154 years, Hong Kong has returned to China, and we don’t want to and can’t wait another second."
How many Chinese people’s voices are expressed by this powerful line in "Return to China".
In the past 25 years, the Xiangjiang River has been surging, and we have witnessed the vicissitudes of Hong Kong’s development.
Hong Kong movies, as the most splendid halo of the Pearl of the Orient, are also full of new vitality in continuous cooperation, exchange and innovation.
The pearl is new in color, and the light and shadow testify. Let’s review the light and shadow moments of the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland with 25 films.
In 1997
97 families have happy events
97 Families Have Happy Events is a "companion piece" in 1992, which continues to tell the hilarious story of a family of three brothers.
And the return of the starring role, and the new joining of,, won more than 40 million box office in the Lunar New Year file.
Many bridges combine current events with laughter, which is meaningful. A couple who worship foreign things and flatter foreign countries have been sharply replied by the whole family.
The line played by Jacklyn Wu as Xiaoqian is quite Japanese: I’m ashamed of you, China people don’t do it, so be a fake foreign devil!
In 1998
Who am I
This transnational production, which was jointly created by and, is one of the representative works of Jackie Chan’s action movies.
The film is mainly shot in Africa, full of exotic customs, and many action scenes, such as gecko climbing, high-rise rooftop fighting and glass curtain wall downhill, have become difficult to copy.
In 1999,
King of comedy.
In 1999, he made his debut in the Lunar New Year’s Eve, and it was no surprise that he won the box office championship that year.
A lot of inspiration in the film comes from Stephen Chow’s real experience, which is also his transformation from an actor to a director.
"I’m an actor" and "I’ll support you" are only jokes when I was a child, and I know the bitterness and meaning behind them.
In 2000
we are young 2
At the turn of the century when Vientiane is updated, I just choose to fall into nostalgia.
It seems to be writing about Hong Kong in the 1960s, but what it contains is the dream of "old Shanghai" in the 1930s.
"If I have more tickets, will you follow me?"
It is about the best years and the worst love.
In 2001
Shaolin soccer.
Another Zhou comedy, another record-breaking annual box office champion.
This is also the last film of Stephen Chow and Cooperation.
"If you don’t have a dream, what’s the difference with salted fish?"
In and out of the play, "shaolin soccer" injected a shot in the arm into the Hong Kong film market, which was in a trough at that time.
In 2002
Infernal affairs
Hong Kong films’ rescue work, the insurmountable peak of Hong Kong films, has far-reaching influence at home and abroad …
It seems that how to describe the status can not be exaggerated.
"I had no choice before, but now I want to be a good person."
There are bandits among the police, there are policemen among the bandits, there is no distinction between good and evil, and good and evil are intertwined. The significance of Infernal Affairs is not only at the box office, but also to re-energize the routine Hong Kong-made police film.
In 2003
《PTU》
"In this dress, you are your brother."
The conflict between police and bandits, emotion and reason broke out overnight with a gun.
Darkness, coldness, and violence all make the style with great galactic image branded.
In 2004
New never to lose
In 2003, the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) was signed, and the relationship between Hong Kong filmmakers and the mainland market became closer.
The cooperation between Chen Musheng and Jackie Chan is also a representative work of co-production, and the box office in the Mainland has exceeded 40 million yuan.
Jackie Chan, who is serious, is still desperate, jumping between buses and jumping off the convention center, contributing many amazing action scenes.
"Stop it, Joe!" It also achieved the most classic villain image.
In 2005
Initial d
Hong Kong box office champion in 2005, and also starred in the first film.
The best at "making cartoons" once again contributed to a popular and popular classic.
"There is only one success in this world, that is, being able to spend your life in the way you like. “
In 2006
Huo Yuanjia.
After that, he performed a Chinese film after four years, which was also the last kung fu film he certified.
Huo Yuanjia’s duel with world masters is not only the pinnacle of martial arts, but also conveys the spirit of Chinese martial arts:
"Violence is not the solution to the problem"
In 2007
Warlords
"The warlords, brotherhood; Life and death depend on each other, and good and bad luck save each other; Happiness and misfortune depend on each other, and adversity helps each other. "
It is a self-breakthrough work by the ever-changing director, which boldly subverts the routine of costume martial arts films, and is regarded as the peak of Jet Li’s acting by many people.
The film has captured three superstars, Jet Li, and Japan, with an investment of 300 million yuan, but the box office is not satisfactory.
However, the generous award recognition in the coming year will make this classic not be buried.
the year of 2008
IP Man
There is an "Iron Man" in Hollywood and an "IP Man" in China.
From the birth in 2008 to the end of the legend in 2019, the decade with IP Man was a decade of mutual achievement, which also created the final glory of kung fu films.
"Although martial arts is an armed force, our China martial arts contains Confucian philosophy, martial arts, that is, benevolence, pushing others."
In 2009
Bodyguards and assassins.
"The fire of revolution is about to start a prairie fire, and a brand-new world is coming soon!"
Chen Kexin, the producer, and the director blended dozens of stars to weave a moving portrait of a small person who died for his country.
It has written a revolutionary history belonging to Hong Kong, and also opened a precedent for Hong Kong filmmakers to create the main theme.
2010 years
Time thief
Hong Kong’s past is not only the Kowloon walled city, the gangsters, but also the joys and sorrows of ordinary people.
Based on the director’s own experience, it shows the optimism and tenacity of ordinary families in Hong Kong in the face of difficulties.
Time is a real "thief", and life is always "one step harder, one step better; Difficult step, better step. "
In 2011
Flying swords of dragon gate.
As a sequel, it is a self-innovation.
The "Xu Laoguai" who is obsessed with technology once again achieved a breakthrough in 3D, and wrote a new chapter in martial arts films with the grandeur and desolation of the desert, the agility and elegance of martial arts, and the arrogance of chivalrous people.
"It’s better to forget each other than to be in the Jianghu."
In 2012
Chill
"After Infernal Affairs, the best Hong Kong gangster film" was once commented by many people.
Infernal Affairs pays attention to the humanistic core, while Cold War advocates the rational spirit.
The Hong Kong police and all parties within the judicial system wrestled with each other and used their wits to make the Hong Kong-made gangster film have a new flavor.
In 2013
The Grandmaster
Wong Kar-wai worked hard for ten years to produce this film, and also set a record for the Hong Kong Film Awards with 12 awards.
The film seems to be a battle between the martial arts, but in fact it is still about the frustration of time and the nostalgia and nostalgia for the past era.
"All encounters in the world are reunions after a long separation."
In 2014
Golden age
"The places I’m going to are all hometowns I’ve never met before."
This is a picture scroll of literati in the Republic of China, and it is also a film of prose poetry.
Persistence in creation makes the world see another color of Hong Kong movies besides business.
In 2015
Monster hunt.
It won the first box office in the film history of that year with 2.43 billion yuan, and also became the biggest dark horse of the year.
The success of the film can not be separated from the ingenious integration of fantasy theme and Hollywood family fun mode, but also from the director’s years of precipitation and continuous exploration of domestic CG technology.
the year of 2016
the mermaid
3.39 billion! The box office record of Chinese movies continues to be refreshed by Hong Kong filmmakers.
Although word of mouth is mixed, Stephen Chow still left countless lines and famous scenes, and this mermaid fairy tale also conveyed his concern about environmental issues.
"If your life is only the last minute, if there is not even a drop of clean water and a breath of clean air on the earth, what do you want to do most?"
the year 2017
Chasing the dragon
The story of Lame Hao and Mayor has a new flavor.
"Life and death are life, wealth is in the sky." The game between Donnie Yen and Andy Lau is brotherly friendship, and it is also the ups and downs of the times.
It is the feelings of Jing Wong, but also the feelings of the audience.
the year of 2018
"unparalleled"
"One million people in this world have only one protagonist."
"People who only see black and white are always losers."
There are suspense and reversal of brain burning, shocking movements and big scenes, and there is no shortage of complex descriptions of human nature.
It can be called a real revival of Hong Kong films.
2019
Anti-drug 2
1.312 billion box office, the market once again witnessed the strength of Hong Kong films.
Familiar with the types of police and bandit action movies, Andy Lau and his opponent are also perfect.
"Is it too pedantic to talk about human rights with drug dealers?"
the year of 2020
Shock Wave 2
From bombs to nuclear bombs, from Tsing Ma Bridge to Chek Lap Kok Airport. …
Qiu Litao carried out the explosion to the end, and it also upgraded from special effects to actions.
"You all say that I am sick, but the world is sick."
Thanks to Pan Chengfeng’s obsession, struggle and redemption, Andy Lau also achieved a "hundred-foot-long" self-breakthrough.
In 2021
Anger and serious crime
"The police will never tolerate anyone who is lawless and openly attacks the rule of law."
Director Chen Musheng’s posthumous work is a magnificent summary of himself and Hong Kong-style gangster films.
Donnie Yen and one righteousness and one evil, boxing to the flesh, all make the gangster film return to the most classic male narration and hardcore action.
In 2022
Just over half of 2022, the film in Hong Kong was not absent. …
Against the wind, it won 149 million box office, once again showing the strength and tenacity of Hong Kong films.
Next, there are more masterpieces waiting to meet the audience.
"Life is inevitably rugged, and it is difficult to be carefree. We are in the same boat and help each other under the Lion Mountain."
This enterprising spirit of Lion Rock in the same boat is also the characteristic of Hong Kong filmmakers.
Let Hong Kong movies go through the ups and downs, and still live on!
Legend to be continued …
Hong Kong movies will never fade!
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Spring Festival, let the world perceive Chinese culture.
Spring Festival, let the world perceive Chinese culture (commentator’s observation)
Culture is not only a way of life, but also a spiritual concept. The Spring Festival culture can span mountains and seas, and it is precisely because of it that people have a common feeling in their hearts.
The ideology, humanistic spirit and moral norms contained in Chinese excellent traditional culture are of great value to solving the common problems faced by mankind.
Show the development and progress of contemporary China and the wonderful life of contemporary Chinese, and present a more three-dimensional, more comprehensive and richer China for foreign people.
In Australia, a well-known local chocolate manufacturer specially launched a pig-shaped chocolate to celebrate the Lunar New Year in China. In Argentina, the "Happy Spring Festival" temple fair has become a local "new festival"; In Finland, people watch the dragon and lion dances and celebrate the New Year in sync with China … In the Spring Festival holiday just past, not only China was full of strong flavor of the Year, but also the whole world was full of China elements, filled with the breath of the Year of China.
The Spring Festival culture is blooming in the world, bringing different life fireworks and cultural interests to foreigners. Drink a bowl of Laba porridge and experience "it is the year after Laba"; Wear a red suit and get a good color; Visit a temple fair and feel the lively atmosphere of the Spring Festival in China. The constantly "going out" Spring Festival culture brings unique scenery to the world festival culture; Appreciating China’s culture through "being there" also opens a window for people of all countries to observe and perceive China. The world is full of interest in China and more recognition of Chinese culture, which is not only the demand of civilized communication, but also the economic connection and market drive. But fundamentally, it is because of the continuous enhancement of China’s comprehensive national strength and the continuous improvement of Chinese cultural influence.
Culture is not only a way of life, but also a spiritual concept. Nowadays, more and more foreigners are attracted by China’s traditional customs and touched by the values and spiritual pursuits conveyed by Chinese culture. Spring Festival couplets, window grilles, firecrackers, New Year’s Eve dinners, wine-keeping, and New Year’s greetings are customs with a strong sense of ceremony, which convey Chinese’s hope for a better life, his persistence in family values, and his pursuit of reunion and sharing. No matter where you are or what language you speak, these simple feelings are the common wishes of people. Therefore, the British guy who writes Spring Festival couplets for the first time will write "happiness" and "love" one by one on the Chinese characters saved in his mobile phone; The Moroccan girl, who is full of novelty about China’s calligraphy, also insists on asking for a calligraphy style for everyone in her family. The Spring Festival culture can span mountains and seas, and it is precisely because of it that people have a common feeling in their hearts.
The British philosopher Bertrand Russell said, "There are some things in China’s supreme ethical quality that are badly needed in the modern world". The ideology, humanistic spirit and moral norms contained in Chinese excellent traditional culture not only conserve Chinese’s spiritual life and construct the spiritual space of the Chinese nation, but also have great value in solving the common problems faced by mankind. From the development concept of "Taoism is natural" and "harmony between man and nature", to the world imagination of "harmony among nations", "faith and harmony", and then to the community consciousness of destiny of "helping each other in the same boat" and "sharing weal and woe", these ethical qualities, which are constantly nourished and moistened by Chinese excellent traditional culture, have aroused more resonance all over the world, providing "new possibilities" for solving the common problems faced by mankind. This is the deep-seated reason why the Spring Festival culture is so popular all over the world.
Of course, the "going out" of China culture today is not only to introduce excellent traditional culture, but also to spread excellent contemporary culture and show the development and progress of contemporary China and the wonderful life of contemporary Chinese. During the Spring Festival this year, many activities to show new images and styles went abroad, which made foreign people shine. For example, the "Happy China Year Charming Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei" event was unveiled in Los Angeles, USA, allowing local people to get a close look at the results of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei; Light up the theme cultural activities of the 2022 Winter Olympics and enter Switzerland to witness the vision and efforts of China’s "Frozen" and "300 million people on the ice and snow" with the people of Snow Country. China’s books "going abroad", film and television programs "going out to sea" and various overseas public welfare and voluntary services also complement the Spring Festival culture, making the story of "going out" in China and China culture more vivid and vivid, and presenting a more three-dimensional, comprehensive and rich China for foreign people.
"Celebrate the new year and the old year together, and welcome you all night.". Chinese culture has accumulated the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, and it is a rich nourishment for the endless development and growth of the Chinese nation. Taking the Spring Festival culture "going out" as an opportunity to introduce more outstanding Chinese culture to the world and make it "alive" and "hot", we can continuously enhance the world appeal of Chinese culture and contribute more China wisdom to solving human problems.
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Notice of the Ministry of Finance on printing and distributing the Measures for the Administration of General Debt Budget of Local Governments
November 9, 2016 FB [2016] No.154
The finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning:
According to the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China and the State Council’s Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Local Government Debt (Guo Fa [2014] No.43), our department has formulated the Measures for the Management of General Debt Budget of Local Governments. It is hereby issued, please implement it carefully.
Annex: Measures for the Administration of General Debt Budget of Local Governments
Cc: General Office of the State Council, Budget Working Committee of the NPC Standing Committee, Financial Ombudsman Offices of the Ministry of Finance in all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate plans.
Attachment:
Measures for the Administration of General Debt Budget of Local Governments
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 In order to regulate the general debt budget management of local governments, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the State Council’s Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Local Government Debt (Guo Fa [2014] No.43) and other relevant provisions.
Article 2 General debts of local governments (hereinafter referred to as general debts) as mentioned in these Measures include general bonds of local governments (hereinafter referred to as general bonds), loans from international financial organizations and foreign governments with repayment responsibilities (hereinafter referred to as foreign loans), and general debts in the form of non-local government bonds as of December 31, 2014 (hereinafter referred to as general debts in the form of non-bonds).
Article 3 General debt revenue, arranged expenditure, debt service and issuance expenses shall be included in the general public budget management.
Article 4 General debt income shall be raised by issuing general bonds, except for foreign debt lending.
The governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are the main issuers of general bonds, and the provincial financial departments are responsible for the specific issuance. If it is really necessary for the governments of cities, autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties, cities not divided into districts and municipal districts (hereinafter referred to as municipal and county governments) to issue general bonds, they should be included in the general debt budget management of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, which will issue them uniformly and lend them to the municipal and county governments. With the approval of the provincial government, the municipal government under separate state planning can issue general bonds by itself.
Article 5 General debt income shall be used for public welfare capital expenditure and shall not be used for recurrent expenditure.
Article 6 A general debt shall have a repayment plan and a stable source of repayment funds.
The principal of general debt is repaid through general public budget revenue (including transfer to budget stabilization fund and other budget funds) and issuance of general bonds.
Interest on general debt shall be repaid through general public budget revenue (including transferred budget stabilization fund and other budget funds), and shall not be repaid through issuing general bonds.
Article 7 Non-bond general debts shall be replaced by general bonds within the time limit stipulated by the State Council.
Eighth to strengthen the local government debt management information construction, general debt budget revenue and expenditure into the financial budget management information system at the same level, general debt management into a unified national management information system.
Article 9 Measures for the budget management of foreign debt lending shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of Finance.
Chapter II General Debt Limits and Balances
Article 10 Within the general debt limit approved by the National People’s Congress or its Standing Committee, the Ministry of Finance and Administration, based on factors such as debt risk, financial situation, and overall consideration of national regulatory policies and the needs of public welfare projects in various regions, puts forward plans for general debt limits in different regions and new general debt limits in the current year, and issues them to provincial financial departments after being approved by the State Council.
The provincial financial department shall, before the end of October each year, put forward suggestions on increasing borrowing general debts and arranging public welfare capital expenditure projects in the next year in the region, and report them to the Ministry of Finance after being approved by the governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
Article 11 The provincial finance department shall, within the local general debt limit issued by the Ministry of Finance, put forward a general debt limit plan for the current year for the provincial level and cities and counties under its jurisdiction based on factors such as debt risk, financial situation and overall consideration of the construction needs of public welfare projects in the local area, and submit it to the municipal and county finance departments after being approved by the provincial, autonomous regional and municipal governments.
The municipal and county financial departments shall put forward suggestions on issuing general bonds at the provincial level and arranging public welfare capital expenditure projects in advance, and report them to the provincial financial departments according to procedures after approval by the government at the corresponding level.
Twelfth provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall borrow general debts within the general debt limit, and the balance of general debts shall not exceed the local general debt limit.
The plan of issuing general bonds by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to repay the due principal of general debts shall be put forward by the provincial financial department in consideration of the actual needs of the corresponding level and cities and counties, and shall be submitted to the provincial, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government for approval and then organized and implemented according to the regulations.
Chapter III Budget Preparation and Reply
Thirteenth to increase the income from borrowing general debt, the following contents should be included in the budget adjustment plan:
(1) General bond income raised by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government within the newly-increased general debt limit;
(two) the general debt income of the city and county governments from the higher level government.
General debt income should be reflected under the total line of general public budget income, and the provincial level should be included in the corresponding budget account under "general debt income", and the city and county level should be included in the corresponding budget account under "local government general debt lending income".
Article 14 The expenditure for increasing the arrangement of borrowing general debts shall be included in the budget adjustment plan, including the expenditure at the same level and the expenditure at the lower level of lending. General debt expenditure should be clearly defined to specific projects, included in the management of financial expenditure budget project library, and linked with medium-term financial planning.
The expenditure of the general debt arrangement at this level shall be reflected in the total expenditure line of the general public budget and included in the relevant budget subjects according to the purpose of expenditure; Sub-lending expenditure should be reflected under the total line of general public budget expenditure and included in the corresponding budget subject under "debt lending expenditure".
Fifteenth general debt repayment expenditure should be based on the scale of general debt due in the current year, general public budget financial resources and other factors, and properly arranged, and included in the annual budget draft.
The general debt repayment expenditure should be reflected under the total line of general public budget expenditure and included in the corresponding budget subject under "local government general debt repayment expenditure".
Sixteenth general debt interest and issuance costs should be reasonably estimated according to the scale, interest rate and rate of general debt, and included in the overall arrangement of general public budget expenditure.
General debt interest and issuance expenses shall be reflected on the total line of general public budget expenditures. The general debt interest expense is included in the corresponding budget item under "local government general debt interest expense", and the issuance expense is included in the corresponding budget item under "local government general debt issuance expense".
Article 17 To increase the expenditure on borrowing general debts and corresponding arrangements, the financial department shall be responsible for the specific preparation of the general public budget adjustment plan, which shall be submitted by the government at the corresponding level to the Standing Committee of the people’s congress at the corresponding level for approval.
Article 18 Where a general debt is lent to a lower-level government, the financial department shall, after the approval of the people’s congress at the corresponding level or its standing committee, timely issue the budget for general debt lending to the relevant municipal and county-level financial departments.
After the approval of the people’s congress at the corresponding level or its standing Committee, the municipal and county governments that accept the general debt lending shall sign a lending agreement with the financial department at a higher level in time.
Chapter IV Budget Implementation and Final Accounts
Article 19 The provincial financial department shall make overall consideration of the situation at the corresponding level, cities and counties, formulate the general bond issuance plan of the whole province according to the budget adjustment plan, the demand for repayment of general debt principal and the bond market conditions, and reasonably determine the term structure and issuance time.
Article 20 The funds raised by the provincial finance department in issuing general bonds shall be turned over to the provincial treasury and allocated according to the budget arrangement and repayment plan.
The funds raised by issuing general bonds on behalf of the municipal and county governments shall be promptly allocated to the municipal and county financial departments by the provincial financial departments in accordance with the lending agreement.
Twenty-first provincial financial departments should do a good job in the information disclosure and credit rating of general bond issuance in accordance with the regulations. The information disclosed shall include the financial situation of the general public budget, the plan for issuing general bonds and the plan for arranging expenditure items, the debt repayment plan and the source of funds, and other information that should be disclosed in accordance with the provisions.
Article 22 The financial department at the provincial level shall, within 3 working days after the issuance of general bonds, report the issuance of general bonds to the Ministry of Finance for the record, and send a copy to the local Office of the Financial Ombudsman of the Ministry of Finance (hereinafter referred to as the Office of the Commissioner).
Twenty-third local financial departments at all levels should use general bond funds according to the budget adjustment plan and the budget subjects and purposes stipulated in the general bond issuance. If it is really necessary to adjust the purpose of expenditure, it shall be handled in accordance with the prescribed procedures.
Twenty-fourth provincial financial departments shall, in accordance with the contract, timely repay the maturity principal, interest and payment of issuance fees of general bonds of the whole province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government. The municipal and county financial departments shall, in accordance with the provisions of the lending agreement, timely pay the funds such as debt service and issuance expenses that should be borne by the local area or the corresponding level to the provincial financial department.
Article 25 If the municipal and county financial departments fail to pay the general bond debt service, issuance fees and other funds to the provincial financial departments in full and on time, the provincial financial departments can take appropriate measures to deduct them and disclose the default to the market.
Twenty-sixth at the end of the budget year, the local financial departments at all levels shall comprehensively and accurately reflect the general debt income, arranged expenditure, debt service and issuance expenses when preparing the draft final accounts of the general public budget.
Chapter V General Debt in Non-bond FormIncorporate into budget management
Twenty-seventh local financial departments at or above the county level shall incorporate non-bond general debt into the local general debt limit and implement budget management.
For non-bond general debts, the government, creditors and debtors shall, by way of contract, agree on the time limit for replacing them with general bonds within the time limit stipulated by the State Council and transfer their repayment obligations. After the repayment obligation is transferred to the local government, the local financial department shall register the general budget accounting account according to the relevant materials.
Twenty-eighth general debt in the form of non bonds, where the debtor is a local government and its departments, shall be replaced by general bonds within the time limit prescribed by the State Council; If the debtor is an enterprise, institution or individual, and the creditor agrees to replace it with ordinary bonds within the time limit stipulated by the State Council, the local government shall replace it; if the creditor does not agree to replace it with ordinary bonds within the time limit stipulated by the State Council, it will no longer be included in the local government debt, and the debtor will repay it by himself, and the corresponding general debt limit will be reduced by the Ministry of Finance according to procedures.
Chapter VI Supervision and Administration
Twenty-ninth local financial departments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with laws, regulations and the provisions of the Ministry of Finance, disclose the general debt limit, balance, term structure, use and repayment to the public and take the initiative to accept supervision.
Thirtieth local financial departments at or above the county level shall establish and improve relevant systems and strengthen the management and supervision of general debts in the region.
Article 31 The Commissioner’s Office shall strengthen the supervision of local general debts, urge local governments to regulate the borrowing, use and repayment of general debts, and report to the Ministry of Finance in a timely manner if violations of laws, regulations and financial management regulations are found.
Article 32 If the violation of these Measures is serious, the Ministry of Finance may suspend the qualification for issuing general bonds in relevant areas. In violation of laws and administrative regulations, the relevant personnel shall be investigated for responsibility according to law; Suspected of a crime, transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law.
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions
Thirty-third provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government may formulate detailed rules for implementation according to these measures.
Article 34 The Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures.
Article 35 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of issuance.
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Ministry of Transport： In 2023, Spring Festival travel rush successfully closed, and the flow of people in the whole society exceeded 4.7 billion.
Cctv newsAccording to the WeChat WeChat official account news of the Ministry of Transport, according to the preliminary summary calculation, in 2023, in 40 days in Spring Festival travel rush, the total social mobility was about 4.733 billion person-times. Among them, the business passenger traffic was about 1.595 billion, up by 50.5% compared with the same period in 2022, and recovered to 53.5% in the same period in 2019. Railways, highways, waterways and civil aviation sent 348 million, 1.169 billion, 22.452 million and 55.214 million passengers respectively, up by 37.5% and 558.8 million respectively compared with the same period in 2022. The national expressway passenger car traffic totaled 1.184 billion, and the passenger capacity was about 3.138 billion, an increase of 18.6% over the same period in 2022 and 17.2% over the same period in 2019. On the whole, in 2023, Spring Festival travel rush has sufficient transportation capacity, orderly transportation organization, stable security situation, effective prevention and control measures, and strong service guarantee, achieving the goal of "safe, healthy, convenient and comfortable travel for the people and smooth and orderly transportation of key materials".
This year, Spring Festival travel rush has the following characteristics.：
First, the traffic volume of passenger cars on expressways reached a record high. The public’s willingness to travel by car has been significantly enhanced, and the policy of free passage for passenger cars with less than 7 seats continued during the Spring Festival holiday. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the number of self-driving trips reached a record high, with the passenger car traffic on the expressway reaching 60.291 million on January 27th (the sixth day of the first month), which was the historical peak.
Second, the business passenger flow has rebounded sharply. The people’s accumulated travel demands such as returning home for the New Year, visiting relatives and friends, traveling on vacation and business trips have been released, which has led to a rapid increase in passenger flow. The turnover of people in the whole society and business passenger traffic have reached new highs since Spring Festival travel rush in 2020.
Third, there is a strong demand for transportation of various key materials. The implementation of "Class B and Class B Management" coincided with the beginning of Spring Festival travel rush. The transportation demand of medical materials in China increased sharply, and key materials such as energy and people’s livelihood were in a critical period of ensuring supply and transportation. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, the transportation demand of various key materials was intertwined.
Fourth, the optimization and adjustment of epidemic prevention and control have landed smoothly. Spring Festival travel rush’s epidemic prevention and control measures were carefully implemented, employees strictly carried out protection, and the public actively implemented personal health protection responsibilities. In the case of large-scale flow of people and logistics, cross-infection was prevented to the maximum extent, and the health of passengers was guaranteed. The "Class B and B Management" landed smoothly in the field of transportation.
The national transportation system will thoroughly study, profoundly understand, resolutely implement, and solidly implement the spirit of the important speech delivered by the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the eve of the Spring Festival to express condolences to grassroots cadres and masses, adhere to the principle of no drop in standards, no reduction in strength, and no slackening in enthusiasm. As always, we will continue to do a good job in service guarantee for key groups such as Spring Festival travel rush’s follow-up college students returning to school, migrant workers returning to their posts, and rural people traveling in busy farming, continue to strengthen transportation and logistics, strive to speed up the construction of a transportation power, and strive to be a modern China.
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Luohu Management Bureau of Shenzhen Bureau of Ecology and Environment held a special training publicity meeting on ＂High-standard dust control on construction sites to support high-quality development
In order to implement the decision-making arrangements of the municipal party committee, the municipal government, the district party committee and the district government on the prevention and control of dust pollution, earnestly do a good job in the prevention and control of dust pollution in Luohu District, and improve the dust control level of the construction projects under its jurisdiction, on the afternoon of February 23rd, the Luohu Management Bureau of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment organized a special training publicity meeting on "High-standard dust control in construction sites to support high-quality development" in Luohu District. This meeting closely followed the theme of high-standard management and control to support high-quality development, and invited the Atmospheric Environment Department of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment and the Municipal Academy of Environmental Sciences to conduct interpretation training on the laws and regulations of dust pollution prevention and control in Shenzhen and the technical specifications of dust pollution control. District Housing Construction Bureau, District Water Affairs Bureau, District Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau, District Building Works Department, Luohu Administration Bureau of Municipal Transportation Bureau, responsible comrades of all streets and responsible persons of 35 earthwork and demolition projects under construction in the jurisdiction (namely, construction units, construction units and supervision units) attended the meeting on the spot, and 80 projects under construction in other stages attended the meeting by online video conference.
At the meeting, the concise director of Luohu Management Bureau of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment first made a mobilization speech, conveyed and studied the instructions of the municipal party committee, the municipal government, the district party committee and the district government on strengthening the prevention and control of dust pollution, and deployed the next step, and put forward four measures: strengthening inspection and supervision, maintaining the high-pressure situation of law enforcement, continuously providing guidance services, and strengthening the creation of positive models, so as to mobilize the main bodies and supervision departments of all parties in the project to act quickly, maintain the spirit of forge ahead and dare to do good deeds, and control and control with high standards.
Subsequently, Lai Guibing, the second-level researcher of the Atmospheric Environment Department of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, made a detailed interpretation of the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities and the responsibilities of the contractors around the Measures for the Prevention and Control of Dust Pollution in Shenzhen. The technical experts of the Municipal Academy of Environmental Sciences introduced the dust prevention measures and the advanced experience of green construction sites, which deepened the participants’ understanding and understanding of the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of dust pollution in our city and the key points and difficulties in supervision and management.
Finally, the meeting organized and signed the Commitment Letter of Responsibility for Dust Pollution Prevention and Control of Construction Projects in Luohu District, which was signed by representatives of 115 responsible persons of the three parties involved in the construction projects, indicating that the "six 100%" standards will be strictly implemented, the dust pollution prevention and control will be strengthened, the rectification will be standardized, and the supervision of all levels and departments and the public will be actively accepted, making due contributions to the high-quality development of the city.
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Hunan’s ＂new regulations＂ for weddings, funerals and celebrations will be implemented on November 1.
On September 29th, the reporter learned from the Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection that in order to strictly regulate the handling of weddings, funerals and other festive matters by party and state staff, advocate changing customs and traditions, and promote the building of a clean and honest party style, the Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection has specially formulated and issued the Interim Provisions on the Handling of Weddings, Funerals and Celebrations by Party and State Staff in accordance with the relevant regulations of the Central Committee and the Provincial Party Committee, which will be implemented on November 1st this year.
The regulations are clear. When the party and state staff organize weddings, the total number of banquets shall generally not exceed 200 (20 tables). If the two parties jointly hold a wedding banquet in the same city, the total number of banquets shall not exceed 300 (30 tables). The scale of funeral should be strictly controlled. In addition, it is forbidden to invite and accept people other than relatives (immediate family members, collateral relatives within three generations and close in-laws) to participate in other festive events in any way.
The regulations emphasize the "two prohibitions" and "two prohibitions" for party and state staff to handle weddings, funerals and celebrations: it is not allowed to accept or accept in disguised form gifts and valuable gifts from people other than any unit and relatives; It is not allowed to give gifts and precious gifts to party and state workers who handle weddings, funerals and other festive matters outside relatives; It is forbidden for anyone other than any unit or immediate family member to pay the operating expenses that should be borne by himself; It is forbidden to use special vehicles such as law enforcement duty, and it is not allowed to use official vehicles in violation of regulations. The size of wedding convoys and funeral convoys shall not exceed 8 vehicles.
According to the regulations, party and state workers should report to the discipline inspection and supervision organs (institutions) at the same level or their own units five working days before the wedding, explaining the matters, time, place, number and scope of invitees, etc., and promise to abide by relevant disciplines, and report the compliance within 10 working days afterwards; If a funeral is arranged, the actual situation shall be reported within 10 working days after the event. The main responsible persons of Party committees, people’s congresses, governments and CPPCC at all levels shall report to the superior commission for discipline inspection for handling weddings and funerals.
The person in charge of the Provincial Discipline Inspection Commission stressed that if the party and state staff violate this regulation, the discipline inspection and supervision department will give criticism, education and organization to deal with it according to the seriousness of the case; If it constitutes a violation of discipline, it shall be given disciplinary sanctions. Gifts and precious gifts received in violation of regulations shall be collected. At the same time, if the party and state staff do not stop, investigate and deal with the violations of these provisions, or stop and investigate poorly, according to the provisions of the responsibility system for building a clean and honest government, the main leaders and leaders in charge of the unit shall be held accountable, and the qualification of appraising the unit in the current year shall be cancelled. (Reporter Qiao Yilei)
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A number of fine services ensure the smooth ＂microcirculation＂ of Spring Festival travel rush logistics ＂artery＂
CCTV News:Spring Festival travel rush opened on January 26th, 2024, and it is predicted that during the Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the cross-regional mobility of the whole society will reach a record high. How to ensure public travel and ensure the smooth "artery" and "microcirculation" of transportation and logistics?
The Overall Plan for Service Guarantee and Safety Production of Comprehensive Transportation in Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) shows that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, severe weather such as low temperature, rain, snow and freezing will occur frequently and widely, and the cross-regional personnel flow of the whole society will reach a record high.
In 2024, Spring Festival travel rush will last for 40 days from January 26th to March 5th. The cross-regional flow of people in the whole society will reach a record high, with the flow of visiting relatives, students, workers and tourists superimposed at a high level, and the passenger flow in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will be more concentrated.
The proportion of self-driving travel will hit a record high. The public’s travel habits have undergone profound structural changes, and the factors such as the increase in the toll time of passenger cars during the Spring Festival holiday are superimposed, and the operation pressure of expressways, ordinary national and provincial trunk highways and service areas is greater. It is estimated that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2024, the business passenger traffic will increase greatly compared with the same period in 2023.
Spring Festival travel rush has a long duration, strong transportation intensity and high social concern. In addition, the severe weather such as low temperature, rain, snow and freezing during Spring Festival travel rush in 2024 is expected to increase, which makes it more arduous to comprehensively transport Spring Festival travel rush for safe production and emergency support. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, there was a strong demand for transportation of energy materials, people’s livelihood materials, spring ploughing and other materials, and the public travel service and ensuring the smooth "artery" and "microcirculation" of transportation and logistics were under great pressure.
The transportation department will strengthen the operation and dispatch and improve the service capacity.
The transportation department will analyze and judge the passenger flow dynamics of comprehensive transportation in Spring Festival travel rush, strengthen the transportation capacity guarantee and transportation organization, and comprehensively improve the travel service quality.
The "Proposal" clarifies that the transportation department should strengthen the real-time tracking of railway ticket pre-sale and standby information, closely track the passenger transportation on key routes such as Qiongzhou Strait, Hong Kong-Macao Line and "mini three links", and track the operation of popular routes at home and abroad. In particular, key passenger hub stations, tourist attractions, etc., effectively connect urban and rural passenger transport with trunk transportation by encrypting transportation capacity, operating shuttle buses, express trains at large stations, and customized buses. We will increase the security of transportation services in rural areas, open fair classes and spring ploughing classes, and carry out appointment response services.
During the Spring Festival holiday, minibuses will be given a free pass policy, and the transportation department should reasonably open up according to the change of traffic flow, so as to improve the traffic efficiency of toll stations. Increase the supply of charging facilities and equipment in the service area, and add mobile toilets and other facilities in the service area with large traffic.
The "Proposal" also requires the comprehensive promotion and application of online ticket purchasing, self-service ticket checking, automatic ticket checking and other services to popularize paperless travel and improve the passenger ticket purchasing service experience. Optimize and improve the standby function of railway 12306 ticket, and improve the redemption rate of standby ticket.
In view of the flow of migrant workers and students, the transportation department will provide services such as door-to-door ticket sales, chartered cars, special trains and chartered flights for migrant workers with needs and conditions. If the travel demand is relatively concentrated and qualified, direct transportation services such as student chartered cars can be organized.
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Romance from Intangible Heritage —— Tie Tie Hua
On the evening of February 3rd (the 13th day of the first month), the gorgeous performance of playing while the iron is hot attracted the attention of many citizens. The fiery red molten iron hits the sky, symbolizing a happy life and a prosperous career. During the Lantern Festival from the 13th day of the first month to the 15th day of the first month, a series of activities of "Building a Dream New City and Blooming 2023" were carried out in the new urban area of Hohhot. Every night from 6: 30 pm to 8: 30 pm, the "National Tide and Lantern Festival" business travel temple fair was held in Ole Ruyi Town, Wangfujing, and the national intangible cultural heritage-Tie Hua was premiered in Hohhot.Text Photography/Grassland All Media Zhengbei Net reporter Wang Lijun